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2004, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
To study the prevalence and factors associated with opioid use in pain, 480 consecutive patients with a chief complaint of pain were interviewed at 10 clinics in Zahedan. The data were analysed in relation to 18 possible associated factors. The prevalence of opioid use was 28.5% in patients presenting with pain. There was no significant relation between opioid use and chronic pain [>/= 6 months], but there was a relationship with the following 5 factors:previous opioid use by friends [72.9% versus 20.4% without friends using], occupation [58.5% private sector employees/self-employed versus 17.4% housewives], cigarette smoking [60.8% versus 21.8% not smoking], consultation for a psychological problem [38.3% versus 23.3% without], and death of a spouse [60.0% versus 26.1% without]
Addictive Behaviors
Agreement between DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for opioid use disorders in two Iranian samples2014 •
Journal of Pain Research
Predictors of Opioid Prescription Among a Sample of Patients with Acute Musculoskeletal Pain at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi ArabiaMedical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Health related quality of life and pain characteristics among Iranian patients suffering non-malignant chronic pain2012 •
Chronic pain is a frequent disability that negatively affects patient's quality of life. Understanding of the possible relation between sociodemographic and medical variables with Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) may help identifying the multidimensionality of pain and risk factors that limit physical and psychological adjustment of the patients. The present study was done to find these possible relationships, based on using Medical Outcomes Survey-Short Form (SF-36). Among the patients who were referred to pain clinic of Iranian Pain Society, 101 consecutive outpatients were select based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the participants in this study orally satisfied and were fully informed by a check list and SF-36 questionnaire. The possible impact of demographic variables, characteristics, diagnosis, analgesic use, smoking and opium addiction were collected as the first part of a routine pretreatment evaluation. Our findings showed significant relati...
The Korean Journal of Pain
Chronic Pain and Its Determinants: A Population-based Study in Southern Iran2012 •
2014 •
Background. The Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) is a screening instrument for assessing the risk of opioid-related aberrant behavior in chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) patients. Objective. This study aims to compare patient characteristics documented in the original ORT study with those identified in CNCP patients assessed using a physician-administered ORT in a tertiary care pain clinic in Toronto, Canada. Methodology. This was a descriptive crosssectional study of 322 consecutive new patients referred over 12 months. Data extraction included ORT scores, demographics, pain ratings, opioid, and other medication use at point of entry, diagnosis, and other variables. Characteristics were compared with those described in the original ORT study. Results. The total mean ORT scores of patients in this study were related to several demographic (gender, age, marital status, and country of birth) and nondemographic variables (employment status, cigarette smoking, and contribution of biomedical and/or psychological factors to presentation). Prevalence of characteristics noted in this patient sample differed substantially from that found in Webster and Webster as the basis for ORT scores. Conclusion. Significant differences existed between this study population and the patient sample from which the ORT was derived. Limitations of this study are discussed. We concur with the authors of the original study that the ORT may not be applicable in different pain populations and settings. Based on our findings, we encourage caution in interpreting the ORT in general CNCP settings until further studies are performed.
2019 •
International Journal of Health Policy and Management IJHPM, Ahmad Hajebi, Roya Nikbakht, Mahshid Salemianpour
Background: Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimulant use has policy implications. A national study was conducted among Iranian general population to explore life time prevalence, awareness and attitudes toward opioids and stimulant use. Methods: We recruited subjects from 5 provinces with heterogenic pattern of drug use. Participants were selected using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that are associated with drug and stimulant use. Results: In total 2065 respondents including 1155 men (33.96 ± 10.40 years old) and 910 women (35.45 ± 12.21 years old) were recruited. Two-third of respondents had good awareness about adverse effects of opioid use. Corresponding figure in terms of stimulants was 81.4%. Almost 95% of participants reported a negative attitude towards either opioid or stimulant use. The lifetime prevalence of opioid use and stimulant use were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%), respectively. Gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] M/W = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.92, 16.42), education (AOR undergraduate/diploma or less = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.90), and marital status (AOR others/single = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.33) were significantly related with opioid use. With respect to stimulant use, age was negatively associated with the outcome (AOR 60+/20-29 years = 0.08: 95% CI; 0.01, 0.98) and men were 2 times more likely than women to use stimulants (OR M/W =2.15: 95% CI: 0.83, 5.56). In addition, marital status (AOR Others/singles = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.93), and awareness (AOR Weak and moderate/good = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.61) were independently correlated with stimulants use. Conclusion: While the attitude of Iranian adults toward opioid and stimulant use was negative, their awareness was not that adequate to prevent the drug use. Men and those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) should be the focus of health promotion programs regarding opioid use. However, regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target younger age groups and those with higher SES status. Implications for policy makers • The life time prevalence of opioids and stimulants were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%) respectively. • In terms of opioid use, health promotion programs should target men and populations with lower socioeconomic status (SES) status. • Regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target the younger age groups and those with high SES status. Implications for the public The life time prevalence of opioid and stimulants use among men was 5 and 2 times higher than that of women. Although most Iranians were aware of adverse effects of opioid and stimulants use, the life time prevalence of these outcomes were high. Appropriate health promotion programs should be designed to decrease use of these drugs.
Electronic Physician
Prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription-type opioids, methylphenidate, and sedative-hypnotics among university students in the south of Iran: a regression analysis2018 •
Pain killers have been a necessity for humans since their skin has been laden with pain receptors to signal them against any invasion or unusual going on in the body.This pain when exceeds the limits of tolerance has to be alleviated to reduce suffering. Since ancient times numerous natural substances like herbs and oils have been used to relieve pain, but in modern era more refined ways to relieve pain have been discovered that exactly target the precise pain. This research identifies the factors that govern painkiller usage and addiction and the people who, in majority fall prey to pleasures of pain killers. The research was carried out through a questionnaire and results were statistically analyzed by fishers exact test. Males, employed people, non medics and graduates are most attracted to pain killers and are susceptible to long term addiction. The reasons for these people falling prey to pain killers are work load, mental stress and physiological responses to the drug. These factors can be managed through proper intervention by health professionals. The role of friends and family too here cannot be ignored. Keywords: Pain, addiction, painkillers, intervention, health professionals
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