Introduction to Data Ethics

2019

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020

https://www.ijert.org/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning https://www.ijert.org/research/ethics-in-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-IJERTCONV8IS05055.pdf Artificial Intelligence (AI), a field of computer science enabling computers to be better than humans at traditionally human tasks, is a developing field and hence it is of utmost importance to establish a guideline for ethical practices going forward. It can be used ethically to maximize quality of life in every aspect such as health-care, transport and city planning. However, unethically, it can be used to gather data and spy on individuals violating their personal space, as an enabler of an Orwellian state and as a means of war. Action needs to be taken now to ensure AI is used ethically. We describe some ethical and unethical uses cases and propose some laws and regulations to ensure ethical use of AI in the future.

In European Yearbook on Human Rights 2020 by Philip Czech, Lisa Heschl, Karin Lukas, Manfred Nowak and Gerd Oberleitner (eds.), 2020

The ongoing European debate on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly polarised between the initial ethics-based approach and the growing focus on human rights. The prevalence of one or the other of these two approaches is not neutral and entails consequences in terms of regulatory outcomes and underlying interests. The basic assumption of this study is the need to consider the pivotal role of ethics as a complementary element of a regulatory strategy , which must have human rights principles at its core. Based on this premise, this contribution focuses on the role that the international human rights framework can play in defining common binding principles for AI regulation. The first challenge in considering human rights as a frame of reference in AI regulation is to define the exact nature of the subject matter. Since a wide range of AI-based services and products have only emerged as a recent development of the digital economy, many of the existing international legal instruments are not tailored to the specific issues raised by AI. Moreover, certain binding principles and safeguards were shaped in a different technological era and social context. Against this background, we need to examine the existing binding international human rights instruments and their non-binding implementations to extract the key principles that should underpin AI development and govern its groundbreaking applications. However, the paradigm shift brought about by the latest wave of AI development means that the principles embodied in international legally binding instruments cannot be applied in their current form, and this contribution sets out to contextualise these guiding principles for the AI era. Given the broad application of AI solutions in a variety of fields, we might look at the entire corpus of available international binding instruments. However, taking a methodological approach, this analysis focuses on two key areas – data protection and healthcare – to provide an initial assessment of the regulatory issues and a possible roadmap to addressing them.

UNIO EU Law Journal, 2019

The article discusses the ethical and technical consequences of Artificial intelligence (hereinafter, A.I) applications and their usage of the European Union data protection legal framework to enable citizens to defend themselves against them. This goal is under the larger European Union Digital Single Market policy, which has concerns about how this subject correlates with personal data protection. The article has four sections. The first one introduces the main issue by describing the importance of AI applications in the contemporary world scenario. The second one describes some fundamental concepts about AI. The third section has an analysis of the ongoing policies for AI in the European Union and the Council of Europe proposal about ethics applicable to AI in the judicial systems. The fourth section is the conclusion, which debates the current legal mechanisms for citizens protection against fully automated decisions, based on European Union Law and in particular the General Data Protection Regulation. The conclusion will be that European Union Law is still under construction when it comes to providing effective protection to its citizens against automated inferences that are unfair or unreasonable.

IEEE Security & Privacy, 2019

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022

We are designing Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Algorithms (machine learning) to process aspects of data about ourselves that most of us are not even aware are being collected. The design aspects of these systems concerns 10 areas that will likely affect our world and our society for generations to come. To help consider the 10 design areas, we suggest applying Prof. Daniel Solove's taxonomy on privacy to the design of AI and Big Data : process, data collection and data distribution.

2020

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