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Tamar Herzig

Tel Aviv University, History, Faculty Member
5-year ERC-funded project on Female Slavery in Early Modern Mediterranean Europe is recruiting up to 2 PhD students
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The Mediterranean Seminar is proud to announce the June 2022 Article of the month:"Slavery and Interethnic Sexual Violence: A Multiple Perpetrator Rape in Seventeenth-Century Livorno," by Tamar Herzig: History, Tel Aviv University.
Research Interests:
סַלומוֹנֶה דָה סֶסוֹ היה צורף כשרוני להפליא, שעיצב תכשיטים ואבזרי אופנה לשליטים ולשליטות בחצרות של צפון איטליה בשיאו של הרנסנס האיטלקי. אחת מיצירותיו הנודעות היייתה חרב טקסית מפוארת שהכין בשביל צ'זרה בורג'ה, בנו של האפיפיור אלכסנדר השישי.... more
סַלומוֹנֶה דָה סֶסוֹ היה צורף כשרוני להפליא, שעיצב תכשיטים ואבזרי אופנה לשליטים ולשליטות בחצרות של צפון איטליה בשיאו של הרנסנס האיטלקי. אחת מיצירותיו הנודעות היייתה חרב טקסית מפוארת שהכין בשביל צ'זרה בורג'ה, בנו של האפיפיור אלכסנדר השישי. ואולם בשנת 1491 האשימו יהודי מנטובה את סלומונה בעבירות מין והסגירו אותו לרשויות בפררה. משהורשע היה הצורף היהודי צפוי לגזר דין מוות. כדי להציל את עורו בחר סלומונה להתנצר, קיבל חנינה מן הדוכס וקיבל את השם אֵרקוֹלֶה דָה פֶדֶלי.

הודות למעמדו המקצועי הרם של הצורף נותר תיעוד רב עליו ועל פרשות הקשורות בו. על סמך מבחר עצום של מסמכים ארכיוניים עוקבת תמר הרציג בספר סיפורו של מומר אחר גורלו של סלומונה/ארקולה ובני משפחתו. ומבעד למיקרו-היסטוריה על רב-אמן יהודי שהמיר את דתו נחשפים היחסים המורכבים בין פטרונים ופטרוניות לאמנים, בין יהודים, נוצרים ומומרים, ובין רבי-אמנים ושוליות בסדנאות הרנסנס. כמו כן, נפרשת לפנינו פנורמה רחבה של חצרות משפחות אסטה, גונזאגה ובורג'ה, המדיניות כלפי נאשמים ביחסים חד-מיניים, מעמדן של הקהילות היהודיות, גל המרות הדת בצפון איטליה, נזירות ממוצא יהודי, וההשלכות ההרסניות של מלחמות איטליה (1494- 1530).
https://www.viella.it/download/7275/eccee965ddfd/storia-ebreo-convertito-tamar-herzig.pdf Storia di un ebreo convertito Arte, criminalità e religione nell'Italia del Rinascimento traduzione di Stefano U. Baldassarri e Donatella Downey... more
https://www.viella.it/download/7275/eccee965ddfd/storia-ebreo-convertito-tamar-herzig.pdf
Storia di un ebreo convertito Arte, criminalità e religione nell'Italia del Rinascimento traduzione di Stefano U. Baldassarri e Donatella Downey Nato a Firenze a metà del Quattrocento da una famiglia ebraica, l'orafo Salomone da Sessa si trasferì a Ferrara, dove i suoi raffinati gioielli e le sue spade riccamente decorate erano ritenute di altissimo pregio dalle donne e dagli uomini di potere allora più importanti in Italia. Voci scandalose sul suo conto iniziarono a circolare all'interno della comunità ebraica, che lo denunciò alle autorità civili. Accusato di sodomia, Salomone fu condannato a morte e accettò di convertirsi per avere salva la vita. Nel 1491 venne così battezzato e prese il nome di Ercole de' Fedeli. Grazie al sostegno di potenti mecenati come la duchessa Eleonora d'Aragona e il suo omonimo duca d'Este, Ercole visse poi da cattolico praticante per oltre un trentennio. Attraverso la drammatica vicenda di Salomone/Ercole e della sua famiglia, ricostruita sulla base di fonti archivistiche mai utilizzate prima, Tamar Herzig getta luce sulle relazioni ebraico-cristiane, il mecenatismo e l'omosessualità nelle città italiane del XV e XVI secolo e dimostra per la prima volta quanto la conversione degli ebrei fosse una questione centrale nella politica del Rinascimento, già cinquanta anni prima che la Chiesa ne facesse una priorità.
A Luso-Malay cosmographer who claimed to have discovered Ophir, a Franciscan friar who headed a delegation of shabby fraudulent emissaries from the Orient, a Dominican tertiary's confirmed stigmata eventually revealed as fraud but later... more
A Luso-Malay cosmographer who claimed to have discovered Ophir, a Franciscan friar who headed a delegation of shabby fraudulent emissaries from the Orient, a Dominican tertiary's confirmed stigmata eventually revealed as fraud but later venerated again as saintly, a Jewish convert who was suspected of both demonic possession and of feigned sanctity, poor folk who survived by converting time and again in order to enjoy the benefits accorded to neophytes, religious chameleons who adapted themselves to the surroundings in which they found themselves, and a number of possessed girls – these are some of the figures re-enacting their charade in the pages of this volume. Twelve distinguished scholars analyze categories and individual cases of imposture in the age of geographical discoveries, of debates over the category of sanctity, and of forced conversions, thus offering a more nuanced understanding of the meaning of identity and pretense, truth and falsehood, in early modern Europe.
In this afterword to the Common Knowledge symposium “Caroline Walker Bynum across the Disciplines,” Bynum's early work is seen to have revolutionized the fields of medieval studies and religious studies by disclosing the need to account... more
In this afterword to the Common Knowledge symposium “Caroline Walker Bynum across the Disciplines,” Bynum's early work is seen to have revolutionized the fields of medieval studies and religious studies by disclosing the need to account for the embodied and gendered aspects of Christian spirituality. It reflects on the enduring influence of her book Holy Feast and Holy Fast on the study of premodern mysticism, sanctity, and witchcraft, then discusses the impact of Bynum's later works on the reception of Holy Feast and Holy Fast in the third decade of the twenty‐first century.
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This essay critically reexamines the career of Bernardetto Buonromei (d. c. 1616), a physician who is celebrated today as one of Livorno’s founding fathers. It argues that Buonromei’s expertise as a medical practitioner was instrumental... more
This essay critically reexamines the career of Bernardetto Buonromei (d. c. 1616), a physician who is celebrated today as one of Livorno’s founding fathers. It argues that Buonromei’s expertise as a medical practitioner was instrumental for turning the Tuscan port city of Livorno into
a major stronghold of the early modern Mediterranean slave trade. Buonromei’s fame in the early seventeenth century, it proposes, reflected the high esteem with which the Medici Grand Dukes held his contribution to the Tuscan state’s involvement in religiously justified slaving. The essay analyzes documentary evidence regarding Buonromei’s exceptionally cruel treatment of enslaved Jews and Muslims who were placed under his care while he was serving as the physician in charge of
Livorno’s slave prison. It demonstrates that Cosimo II continued to back Buonromei despite repeated complaints about the physician’s excessively ruthless conduct. The final part of the essay delineates the varied manifestations of Buonromei’s cultural commemoration from the seventeenth to the twenty-first century. The continuous textual, artistic, and performative celebrations of Buonromei’s accomplishments, it concludes, complements the erasure of the suffering he had inflicted on enslaved non-Catholics in Livorno.
This article unpacks the 1610 case of a multiple perpetrator rape of enslaved female Jews from Tétouan by Catholic convicts and Muslim slaves in Livorno, early modern Italy’s leading slaving center. Adding to the ongoing attempts to... more
This article unpacks the 1610 case of a multiple perpetrator rape of enslaved female Jews from Tétouan by Catholic convicts and Muslim slaves in Livorno, early modern Italy’s leading slaving center. Adding to the ongoing attempts to expose the violence inherent to the historical records of slavery, it charts the efforts to silence the slaves and offers a counternarrative to the one their slavers wished to create by erasing their suffering. The article argues that the assault was justified as part of a business strategy. The rape of female slaves by enslaved men as a means of increasing the slavers’ profits, it suggests, was thus a more global phenomenon than has hitherto been assumed and was not limited to women’s systematic raping in Atlantic slavery. Problematizing the scholarly focus on Muslim-Christian reciprocity in early modern Mediterranean slavery, it then proposes that the affluence of Livorno’s Jewish community increased the vulnerability of enslaved Jews in the city to excessive abuse. Complicating historiographic notions regarding religious pluralism and interethnic relations in Livorno, the assault’s analysis underscores the importance of writing Jewish slave women back into not only the history of slavery but also the narratives of Jewish history and Italian history.
Published Online:
https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/M.ES-EB.5.121900

In: Renaissance Religions [Europa Sacra, no. 26], ed. Peter Howard, Nicholas Terpstra, and Riccardo Saccenti. Turnhout: Brepols, 2021, pp. 63-79.
Published Online:
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/705412

In: Special issue on Fields of the Future/The Future of the Field, ed. Jane C. Tylus: I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance 22:2 (Fall 2019), pp. 311-318.
Published Online:
https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004416826/BP000011.xml

In: Forced Conversion in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, ed. Mercedes García-Arenal Rodríguez and Yonatan Glazer-Eytan. Leiden: Brill, 2020, pp. 266-288.
Published Online:
https://classiques-garnier.com/femmes-mysticisme-et-prophetisme-en-europe-du-moyen-age-a-l-epoque-moderne-femmes-mystiques-et-propagande-antiheretique.html

Cet article analyse les écrits de Heinrich Institoris (alias Kramer). Il défend l’idée que sa présentation de sorcières et d’hérétiques en tant que groupes distincts participant au complot du diable marque un tournant dans le discours démonologique. Explorant les tentatives d'Institoris d'utiliser les expériences spirituelles de femmes italiennes dans sa campagne contre les Hussites, l'auteur affirme qu'il a présenté les manifestations visibles du mysticisme féminin comme le moyen le plus efficace de conjurer les menaces doctrinales posées par des groupes hérétiques dirigés par des hommes.
A special issue of Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme dedicated to the figure of Savonarolan humanist Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola.

Full issue here: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/renref/issue/view/2258
In: Das katholische Europa im 16.-18. Jahrhundert, ed. Adriana Valerio and Maria Laura Giordano (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2018/19), pp. 41-50
הרפורמציות פתחו פתח לתמורות ניכרות ביחסי המגדר. מאמר זה מתמקד באחת המרכזיות שבהן: ההשפעה המורכבת של ביטול מוסד הנזירות על-ידי מרטין לותר על אפשרויות הפעולה הפתוחות בפני נשים, לעומת אלה העומדות בפני גברים, בתחום הדתי. המאמר בוחן את... more
הרפורמציות פתחו פתח לתמורות ניכרות ביחסי המגדר. מאמר זה מתמקד באחת המרכזיות שבהן: ההשפעה המורכבת של ביטול מוסד הנזירות על-ידי מרטין לותר על אפשרויות הפעולה הפתוחות בפני נשים, לעומת אלה העומדות בפני גברים, בתחום הדתי. המאמר בוחן את תגובותיהן של נשים בחבלי-ארץ שהפכו לפרוטסטנטים לפירוק מנזריהן, ודן בהתמודדות של ראשי הכנסייה הקתולית עם הביקורת הלותרנית על חיי הנזירות בוועידת טרנטו (1545-1563). הוא מראה, כי למרות שהוועדה דחתה את עיקרי-האמונה הפרוטסטנטיים והדגישה את החשיבות של חיי הנזירות, בתגובה לביקורת הלותרנית היא הורתה על סגירה קפדנית של מנזרי נשים, בהותירה לנזירות מרחב פעולה צר ביותר להשתתפות בקידום מטרותיה של הכנסייה הלוחמת.
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In: Scritture, carismi, istituzioni: Percorsi di vita religiosa in età moderna. Studi per Gabriella Zarri, ed. Concetta Bianca and Anna Scattigno (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 2018), pp. 139-150.
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This article argues that converting Jewish girls and women constituted an important expression of Italian nuns' religiosity throughout the age of Catholic Reform. Unlike their male counterparts, however, converting nuns rarely left behind... more
This article argues that converting Jewish girls and women constituted an important expression of Italian nuns' religiosity throughout the age of Catholic Reform. Unlike their male counterparts, however, converting nuns rarely left behind accounts of their conversionary efforts. Moreover, since these endeavors were directed exclusively at female Jews they are often obscured in the historical record and in modern historiography. The article tackles the difficulties of recovering the voices of converting nuns and presents examples that suggest how they could be circumvented. Exploring the potential of drawing on previously understudied texts, such as nuns' supplications, the article calls for the integration of this specific manifestation of female devotion into the scholarship and teaching on women's religious life in the early modern era.
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In 1501, Heinrich Institoris (aka Kramer, d. c.1505) published two works exalting the mystical experiences of contemporary women. Drawing on the entire corpus of Institoris’s works, this essay explores his fascination with somatic female... more
In 1501, Heinrich Institoris (aka Kramer, d. c.1505) published two works exalting the mystical experiences of contemporary women. Drawing on the entire corpus of Institoris’s works, this essay explores his fascination with somatic female spirituality. While Institoris’s diatribe on women in the Malleus maleficarum (The Witches’ Hammer, c.1486)—arguably the most misogynistic work of the premodern era—has been ascribed to his fear of women, it proposes that he was no more preoccupied with female witches than he was with men who strayed from Catholic orthodoxy. Regarding the female sex as inferior to the male sex, Institoris maintained that the same qualities that rendered wicked women more
susceptible to witchcraft could turn devout women into the privileged conduits for revelations that confirmed the tenets of Christianity.
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Female monasticism and the conversion of the Jews were both major concerns for the ecclesiastical establishment, as well as for Italian ruling elites, after the Council of Trent (1545–1563). Hence, the monachization of baptized Jewish... more
Female monasticism and the conversion of the Jews were both major concerns for the ecclesiastical establishment, as well as for Italian ruling elites, after the Council of Trent (1545–1563). Hence, the monachization of baptized Jewish girls acquired a unique symbolic significance. Moreover, during this period cases of demonic possession were on the rise, and so were witchcraft accusations. This article explores a case from late sixteenth-century Mantua in which Jewish conversion, female monachization, demonic possession and witch-hunting all came into play in a violent drama. Drawing on unpublished documents as well as on chronicles and hagiographies, the article elucidates the mental toll that conversion and monachization took on the Jewess Luina, who later became known as Sister Margherita. It delineates her life, which culminated with her diagnosis as a demoniac, and analyzes the significance that this etiology held for the energumen—whose affliction was attributed to her ongoing contacts with Jews—and for Mantua's Jews. The article argues that the anxiety provoked by suspicions that a formerly Jewish nun reverted to Judaism was so profound, that it led to the burning at the stake of Judith Franchetta, the only Jew ever to be executed as a witch in the Italian peninsula.
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This article focuses on the vestition ceremony of the baptized Jew Caterina/suor Theodora (1479-1506), which was celebrated in 1501 at the enclosed Dominican tertiaries’ house of Santa Caterina da Siena in Ferrara. It traces the... more
This article focuses on the vestition ceremony of the baptized Jew Caterina/suor Theodora (1479-1506), which was celebrated in 1501 at the enclosed Dominican tertiaries’ house of Santa Caterina da Siena in Ferrara. It traces the vicissitudes that led to the conversion to Christianity of suor Theodora’s father, the renowned Jewish goldsmith and engraver Salomone da Sesso/Ercole de’ Fedeli (c.1452-c.1521)—together with his entire family—following his condemnation for sodomy in 1491. I argue that suor Theodora’s vestition ceremony was aimed at complementing the celebration of her family’s baptism a decade earlier, which culminated with the sermon that her father had been forced to deliver in Ferrara’s cathedral. The duke of Ferrara, Ercole d’Este (r. 1471-1505), whose program of church and convent building and decoration in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries was unparalleled, timed the celebration of suor Theodora’s vestition to mark the completion of his most impressive and massive pious foundation. The baptized Jew’s vestition was staged as a performance that manifested Christianity’s victory over Judaism, and showcased the achievements of the duke’s ongoing conversionary efforts. It thus attests to the convergence of Ercole d’Este’s cultural patronage and his profound religiosity during the latter half of his reign.
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In: Reformas y Contrarreformas en la Europa Católica (siglos XV-XVII), ed. Adriana Valerio and Maria Laura Giordano. Navarre: Editorial Verbo Divino, 2016, pp. 41-51.
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In: Dissimulation and Deceit in Early Modern Europe, ed. Miriam Eliav-Feldon and Tamar Herzig. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, pp. 142-164.
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... It is therefore only reasonable to surmise that he shared his views on the diabolic sect with friars of the Lombard Congregation that he met in the winter of 1499-1500, thereby contributing to the escalating anxiety over witchcraft in... more
... It is therefore only reasonable to surmise that he shared his views on the diabolic sect with friars of the Lombard Congregation that he met in the winter of 1499-1500, thereby contributing to the escalating anxiety over witchcraft in northern Italy. ...
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International Conference, co-organized by Alessio Assonitis (The Medici Archive Project) and Tamar Herzig (Tel Aviv University), held at Tel Aviv University in June 2018.
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In Renaissance and early modern Italian society, communities and social groups formed the heart of both individual and corporate identity. Such networks served to support and strengthen the existing social order, yet they were also... more
In Renaissance and early modern Italian society, communities and social groups formed the heart of both individual and corporate identity. Such networks served to support and strengthen the existing social order, yet they were also constantly subject to change and adaptations that external pressures and tensions demanded. This conference seeks to explore the role of cultural production in the creation, operation, and negotiation of social networks in Italy and, conversely, the ways in which these networks facilitated the exchange and translation of images, objects, rituals, and ideas. The papers proposed investigate artistic, literary, familial, political, and religious communities and the relationships between them, as friends or enemies. From networks between humanists, Hapsburg courtiers, and artists to rivalries and competition between and within both secular and religious groups, the individual papers address most aspects of early modern culture and the dynamics that shaped and drove their production and transmission.
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In Renaissance and early modern Italian society, communities and social groups formed the heart of both individual and corporate identity. Such networks served to support and strengthen the existing social order, yet they were also... more
In Renaissance and early modern Italian society, communities and social groups formed the heart of both individual and corporate identity. Such networks served to support and strengthen the existing social order, yet they were also constantly subject to change and adaptations that external pressures and tensions demanded. This conference seeks to explore the role of cultural production in the creation, operation, and negotiation of social networks in Italy and, conversely, the ways in which these networks facilitated the exchange and translation of images, objects, rituals, and ideas. The papers proposed investigate artistic, literary, familial, political, and religious communities and the relationships between them, as friends or enemies. From networks between humanists, Hapsburg courtiers, and artists to rivalries and competition between and within both secular and religious groups, the individual papers address most aspects of early modern culture and the dynamics that shaped and drove their production and transmission.
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Conference organized by the Curiel Institute for European Studies at TAU and Camões - Instituto da Cooperação
e da Língua, Portugal.
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Second Joint University of Maryland-Tel Aviv University Workshop Behavioral Practice, Social Boundaries, & the Marking of Identity in the Early Modern Era September 30th and October 1st, 2015 Francis Scott Key Hall 2120 University of... more
Second Joint University of Maryland-Tel Aviv University Workshop
Behavioral Practice, Social Boundaries, & the  Marking of Identity in the Early Modern Era
September 30th and October 1st, 2015
Francis Scott Key Hall 2120
University of Maryland, College Park


Wednesday, September 30
10:00-12:00 Language and Religion: Boundary or Frontier
Chair: Philip Soergel

Christopher Celenza
Johns Hopkins University
The Problem of the Latin Language in the Italian Renaissance.
Stefano Villani
University of Maryland
Becoming Italian: Early Modern British Converts and the Inquisition
Shai Zamir
Tel Aviv University
The Image of the Jewish Woman in the Trent Blood Libel (1475)

Lunch Break

1:45-5:00 Gender, Sexuality and Behavioral Practices
Chair: Marsha Rozenblit

Pawel Maciejko
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Sexuality and Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschütz
Hugo Brulhart
University of Maryland
Sodomy & Crime in 16th-Century Geneva
Tamar Herzig
Tel Aviv University
Being a 'Jewish Nun' in Early Modern Italy
Eyda Merediz
University of Maryland
Canary Islands’ Malinches: Happy Foundational Couples in the Atlantic?

Thursday, October 1
9:10-10:45 Change in the Marketplace; Change in the Environment
Chair: Bernard Cooperman

Robert Friedel
University of Maryland
Beer, Cheese, and Bread. Men, Women, and Work in Early Modern Britain.
Noel Johnson
George Mason University
Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks


11:00–12:30 Labeling People
Chair: Tamar Herzig

Ira Berlin
University of Maryland
What’s In a Name?
Bernard Cooperman
University of Maryland
Race, Slavery, and Synagogue Honors
Holly Brewer
University of Maryland
Identifying People as Property. Creating a Common Law of Slavery for England and its Empire

Lunch Break
1:45–4:30 Cultural Shifts
Chair: Stefano Villani

Andrea Frisch
University of Maryland
Moving History: Affect & National Memory after the French Wars of Religion
Ralph Bauer
University of Maryland
Lucretius' New World: Cannibalism, Materialism, and Humanism in the Early Modern Encounter with the Americas
Jonathan Allen
University of Maryland
Excluding and Defending Tomb-Visitation in Early Modern Ottoman Islam?
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Joint Tel Aviv University-University of Maryland Workshop to be held at Tel Aviv University on 14-16 June, 2015.
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Book presentation of Tamar Herzig. A Convert's Tale: Art, Crime, and Jewish Apostasy in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019.
Book presentation of Tamar Herzig. A Convert's Tale: Art, Crime, and Jewish Apostasy in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019.
Book presentation of Tamar Herzig. A Convert's Tale: Art, Crime, and Jewish Apostasy in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019.
Tamar Herzig. A Convert's Tale: Art, Crime, and Jewish Apostasy in Renaissance Italy. Harvard University Press, 2019 (book talk). February  6, 2020.
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תמר הרציג וצור שלו, "'הקולות של הנשים עצמן חסרו לי': שיחה עם לינדל רופר," זמנים: רבעון היסטורי 140 (2019), עמ' 102-115. Tamar Herzig and Zur Shalev, “A Conversation with Lyndal Roper,” Zmanim: A Historical Quarterly [in Hebrew] 140... more
תמר הרציג וצור שלו, "'הקולות של הנשים עצמן חסרו לי': שיחה עם לינדל רופר,"  זמנים: רבעון היסטורי 140 (2019), עמ' 102-115.
Tamar Herzig and Zur Shalev, “A Conversation with Lyndal Roper,” Zmanim: A Historical Quarterly  [in Hebrew] 140 (2019), pp. 102-115.
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Contemplata aliis tradere. Lo specchio letterario dei frati Predicatori
Roma, 23-27 gennaio 2017
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