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Dumping merupakan salah satu bentuk hambatan perdagangan yang bersifat non tarif, berupa diskriminasi harga. Masalah Dumping merupakan substansi dibidang rules making yang akan semakin penting bagi negara berkembang yang akan meningkatkan ekspor non migas terutama dibidang manufaktur. Perbuatan melakukan praktek dumping dianggap sebagai perbuatan yang tidak fair. Dikarenakan hal tersebut menimbulkan perdagangan yang tidak fair, karena bagi negara pengimpor, perdagangan dengan motif dumping akan menimbulkan kerugian bagi dunia usaha atau industri barang sejenis dalam negeri, dengan terjadinya banjir barang-barang dari pengekspor yang harganya jauh lebih mudah daripada barang-barang dalam negeri akan mengakibatkan barang sejenis akan kalah bersaing. Praktik banting harga itupun dapat berakibat kerugian pada perusahaan domestik yang menghasilkan produk sejenis. Tindakan tersebut mengharuskan perintah suatu negara mengadakan pemabtasan-pembatasan tertentu terhadap berbagai praktek bisnis. Pembatasan tersebut merupakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang secara eksplisit memasukkan berbagai tindakan sebagai suatu perbuatan yang dilarang dan dapat juga dinyatakan sebagai suatu tindak kejahatan (Sukarmi 2002:7). Dalam ilmu ekonomi dumping merujuk kepada politik atau kebijakan yang dilakukan dengan jalan menjual produk di luar negeri lebih murah dari pada dalam negeri. Kebijakan dumping ini bertujuan untuk menguasai pasar di luar negeri dan untuk menghasilkan produk lama yang mungkin kurang maju. Praktek dumping merupakan praktek dagang yang tidak fair karenan bagi negara pengimpor, praktek dumping akan menimbulkan kerugian bagi dunia usaha atau industri barang sejenis dalam negeri. Dengan terjadinya banjir barang dari pengekspor yang harganya jauh lebih murah daripada barang dalam negeri akan mengakibatkan barang sejenis kalah bersaing, sehingga pada akhirnya akan mematikan pasar barang sejenis dalam negeri, yang diikuti oleh dampakk ikutannya seperti pemutusan kerja masal, penganguran dan bangkrutnya industri
2000 •
Opini - Trobos Livestock – Edisi 210●Tahun XVIII●Maret 2017
Mempertanyakan Arah Kebijakan Perdagangan TernakUsing a very large panel dataset of Italian manufacturing firms, we test an empirical model of foreign markets participation with sunk costs. The period of analysis (1982-1999) is exceptionally informative: the large fluctuations in the lira exchange rate determined substantial flows of firms in and out of foreign markets. We find that sunk costs of exporting are very important: past experience in foreign markets increases the probability of exporting by about 70 percentage points. Although the assets entailing such costs depreciate quite slowly, new exporters have to acquire them very soon after entry. Altogether, these results suggest that the break in the Italian aggregate export supply function caused by the depreciation of the 1990s can be considerable and long-lasting. We then relate sunk costs to firm size and find that they are an important barrier to export, especially for the myriad of Italian small and medium firms. Finally, we provide some new evidence that sunk costs ar...
Journal of Law and Border Protection
Strengthening the Position of Immigration Policies in the Prevention of Trade Criminal Actions and Human Stunning2020 •
Transnational crime in the territory of Indonesia is increasingly motivated by several pushes and pull factors. First, Indonesia's strategic position makes many people tempted to anchor to Indonesia to make Indonesia a transit country and live and develop. This is worrying because it cannot be denied that foreigners enter a country in an illegal way and cross borders. Second, state borders without immigration documents or other valid documents will create new problems, which of course, can lead to criminal issues. Of course, a policy of equitable borders and controls is the answer to this problem.Another thing that cannot be left out is that establishing a positive law that is firm and binding is the key to the success of this policy. This research study uses normative legal research methods with qualitative data collection juxtaposed with descriptive analysis techniques so that the existing problems regarding transnational crimes, especially human smuggling, can be presented co...
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