EolSupra20, current status & perspectives

EolSupra20 – Current status & perspectives L. Quéval, L. Vido, C. Berriaud loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr 2021-07-26 1 I. Motivation loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 2 Challenge: wind energy production [1] adapted from "World energy outlook 2011," IEA, 2011. [2] adapted from "Global wind energy outlook 2012," GWEC, 2012. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 3 Lifecycle cost breakdown of offshore windfarm Decommissioning 1% Retrofit & Overhaul 6% Assembly, Transport & Installation 11% Transmission System to Shore 6% Electric Collection System Tower 2% 9% Lightweight Other 5% Wind turbine 24% Multi-MW generator Yearly Operation & Maintenance 27% Foundation 9% Direct drive generator [1] adapted from S.A. Herman, "DOWEC cost model, Implementation, DOWEC-068," DOWEC project, 2003. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 4 World’s largest wind turbine generator Haliade-X from GE 12 MW '16 Source: EWEA © ge.com loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 5 Towards 20 MW offshore wind turbines [1] R. Bos, W. Bierbooms, “Extreme gust loads for novel wind turbines,” EAWE 9th seminar on Wind Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2013. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 6 Comparison 10 MW direct-drive PMSG vs. HTS SG PMSG HTS SG Ø 13.1 m 232 tons Ø 4.7 m 108 tons [1] L. Quéval, “Modeling and simulation of grid-connected superconducting wind turbine generators,” PhD thesis, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2013. Online: www.lqueval.com loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 7 III. Past projects loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr 8 Founding article loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 9 Design of partially SC WT generators (ironless) [1] H. Ohsaki, Y. Terao, R. M. Quddes, “Electromagnetic characteristics of 10 MW class superconducting wind turbine generators,” Int. Conf. on Electrical Machines and Systems, pp. 1303-1306, 10-13 Oct 2010. [2] M. R. Quddes, M. Sekino, H. Ohsaki, N. Kashima, S. Nagaya, "Electromagnetic Design Study of Transverse Flux Enhanced Type Superconducting Wind Turbine Generators," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1101-1104, June 2011. [3] H. Ohsaki, Y. Terao, M. Sekino, “Wind turbine generator using superconducting coils and bulks,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 234, part. 3, 2010. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 10 Design of partially SC WT generators (with iron) [1] H. Ohsaki, L. Quéval, Y. Terao, "Design and characteristic analysis of 10 MW class superconducting wind turbine generators with different types of stator and rotor configurations," 4th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP 2013), Alghero, Italy, June 2013. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 11 Design of fully SC WT generators [2] [1] [1] Y. Terao, M. Sekino, H. Ohsaki, "Electromagnetic design of 10 MW class fully superconducting wind turbine generators," IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 3, 2012. [2] Y. Terao, “Electromagnetic design of light weight and high-power density superconducting synchronous machines for 10 MW class wind turbine generators,” PhD thesis, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2013. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 [2] 2021-07-26 12 Simulation of grid-connected SC WT generators WECS model Machine model HTS Tape model Nonlinear abc-model External systems Control strategy FE model FE model A-formulation H-formulation [1] L. Quéval, H. Ohsaki, "AC losses of a grid-connected superconducting wind turbine generator," IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 5201905, 2013. [2] L. Quéval, M. Sekino, H. Ohsaki, "A coupled FE phase-domain model for superconducting synchronous machine," IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 5200804, 2012. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 13 Numerical models for large superconducting coils Reference model Homogenized model Multi-scale model [1] L. Quéval, V.M.R. Zermeño, F. Grilli, “Numerical models for AC loss calculation in large-scale applications of HTS coated conductors,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 2, Jan. 2016. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 14 III. Commercial concepts (>1 MW) loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr 15 (Envision, Jeumont Electric) [1] C. Bührer, "Attempting to shift a paradigm: HTS generators for cost-sensitive applications," DBU Seminar, Osnabrück, April 2016. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 16 Development in USA DOE funded project to “Develop High-Efficiency, Lightweight Wind Turbine Generators for Tall Wind and Offshore Applications” • [July 2019] DOE selected projects • Each of the selected projects received $500,000 to design a wind turbine generator that can be scaled up to at least 10 megawatts. • 2 projects developed superconducting generators • AMSC develops HTS based concept – funding stopped • GE develops LTS based concept – 2nd phase started to develop a scaled demonstrator • [Jan 2021] DOE selected GE to receive up to $20.3 million to build and test a scaled prototype of their generator on a wind turbine. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 17 AMSC 10 MW Seatitan © AMSC loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 18 GE 10 MW Ecomagination © GE loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 19 AML 10 MW fully SC © AML [1] L. Quéval, R. Gottkehaskamp, "Analytical field calculation of modulated double helical coils," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 4901307, Dec. 2015. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 20 Development in EU • SUPRApower • EcoSwing loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 21 SUPRApower © SUPRApower loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 22 EcoSwing [1] M. Bauer, “Superconducting generators for wind power, EcoSwing generator and outlook,” COST ACTION 19108 Hi-Scale first joint WG3/4 industry-academia workshop on applications for HTS technologies in the electrical energy chain, [online], Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 23 EcoSwing [1] M. Bauer, “Superconducting generators for wind power, EcoSwing generator and outlook,” COST ACTION 19108 Hi-Scale first joint WG3/4 industry-academia workshop on applications for HTS technologies in the electrical energy chain, [online], Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 24 EcoSwing [1] M. Bauer, “Superconducting generators for wind power, EcoSwing generator and outlook,” COST ACTION 19108 Hi-Scale first joint WG3/4 industry-academia workshop on applications for HTS technologies in the electrical energy chain, [online], Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 25 EcoSwing [1] M. Bauer, “Superconducting generators for wind power, EcoSwing generator and outlook,” COST ACTION 19108 Hi-Scale first joint WG3/4 industry-academia workshop on applications for HTS technologies in the electrical energy chain, [online], Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 26 EcoSwing [1] M. Bauer, “Superconducting generators for wind power, EcoSwing generator and outlook,” COST ACTION 19108 Hi-Scale first joint WG3/4 industry-academia workshop on applications for HTS technologies in the electrical energy chain, [online], Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 27 Development in South Korea 10 MW generator [1] M. Bauer, “Superconducting generators for wind power, EcoSwing generator and outlook,” COST ACTION 19108 Hi-Scale first joint WG3/4 industry-academia workshop on applications for HTS technologies in the electrical energy chain, [online], Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 28 IV. EolSupra20 loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 30 EolSupra20 Feasibility study of a 20 MW superconducting wind turbine generator MgB2 loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 31 IV. EolSupra20 a) Around the generator loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 32 EolSupra20 Design and optimization of the electromagnetic/cryogenic designs of a 20 MW fully SC wind turbine generator to minimize the LCOE Fig. 1 - EolSupra20 electromagnetic design Fig. 2 - EolSupra20 cryogenic design [1] T.-K. Hoang, L. Quéval, L. Vido, C. Berriaud, “Impact of the rotor blade technology on the levelized cost of energy of an offshore wind turbine,” Joint International Conference OPTIM-ACEMP, Brasov, Romania, May 2017. [2] T.-K. Hoang, L. Quéval, C. Berriaud, L. Vido, “Design of a 20 MW fully superconducting wind turbine generator to minimize the levelized cost of energy,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1-4, June 2018. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 33 Benchmark & Results Flux pump 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡 [𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇] Current leads 𝑣𝑣𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 [𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇] HTS dynamo-type flux pump [1] M.D. Ainslie, F. Grilli, L. Quéval, E. Pardo, F. Perez-Mendez, R. Mataira, A. Morandi, A. Ghabeli, C. Bumby, R. Brambilla, “A new benchmark for electromagnetic modelling of superconductors: the high-Tc superconducting dynamo,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 105009, Aug. 2020. [2] M.D. Ainslie, L. Quéval, R.C. Mataira, C.W. Bumby, “Modelling the frequency dependence of the open-circuit voltage of a high-Tc superconducting dynamo,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1-7, Aug. 2021. [3] A. Ghabeli, M. Ainslie, E. Pardo, L. Quéval, R. Mataira, “Modeling the charging process of a coil by an HTS dynamo-type flux pump,” accepted for publication in Superconductor Science and Technology, Apr. 2021. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 34 EolSupra20 Estimation of the LCOE of resistive vs. HTS generator Fig. 1 – Components of a wind turbine and impact of modification of the generator loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 35 IV. EolSupra20 b) Around the wind farm loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 36 EolSupra20 Design and optimization of the wind farm layout and its cabling to minimize the LCOE Fig. 2 – Wake effect and cabling Fig. 1 – Bidding area loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 37 EolSupra20 22 GW 621 MW 59 Km of offshore wind capacity installed in Europe Average size of a wind farm in 2019 Average distance to shore in 2019 3,6 GW The average size has almost doubled in the last decade The distance continues to increase and can go beyond additional capacity installed in Europe in 2019 120 km Due to the increased relevance of the offshore collection system and of the transmission system, what are the optimal cable layout and optimal transmission system to collect and transmit the power from the wind farm to the shore ? loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 38 EolSupra20 HVAC vs. HVDC 1 GW wind farm @breakeven point loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 39 GeePs MTDC Plateform (20210408) MMC MMC HB 3-phase 6-levels FB 3-phase 6-levels VSC VSC 2-levels 2-levels DC/DC VSC VSC 2-levels 2-levels VSC VSC 2-levels 2-levels loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 PV DC/DC 3 kWp DC/DC PV 2021-07-26 3 kWp 40 Full-bridge modular multilevel converter • Conception and construction of a 3-phase 6-level full-bridge MMC • Contribution to the sizing of the MMC MMC PQ diagram with external and internal limits: [1] B. Džonlaga, “Contribution to the sizing of the modular multilevel converter,” PhD thesis, University Paris-Saclay, GeePs, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 2019. loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 AC grid current DC grid current modulation index IGBT current module capacitor voltage ripple module capacitor current ripple arm current module capacitor average voltage 2021-07-26 41 Superconducting components for the grid HTS core cable prototype MgB2 BSCCO tape EolSupra20 SC cable Superconducting power filter loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 42 Featured in IEEE Spectrum next to INNWIND.EU project (20 M€), Suprapower (5.4 M€) and EcoSwing (14 M€) ! Merci ! loic.queval@geeps.centralesupelec.fr EolSupra20 2021-07-26 43