Aconitum

STARMÜHLER, W. 1996. Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae Fasc. 1 (Nr. 1 - 20). - Fritschiana 7: 1 - 10. 
Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae is the first successor of the phanerogamous part of Plantae Graecenses. Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae Fasc. 1 is distributed to 6 institutions all over the world (LE, M, NY, PE, TI, W), one set remains in GZU and one in the private herbarium STARMÜHLER. In the first fascicle, 20 collections of the genera Aconitum and Delphinium from Austria, Italy, Liechtenstein, Romania, Slovenia and Switzerland are distributed. It includes the holo-type and iso-types of Aconitum degenii subsp. rhaeticum subsp. nov., which is described in this article.

Zusammenfassung: Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae wird an 10 Institutionen auf der ganzen Welt (LE, LG, M, NY, OSC, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z) verteilt. Ein Satz verbleibt in GZU und einer im privaten Herbarium Starmühler. Die 20 Aufsammlungen der Gattung Aconitum für den sechsten Faszikel stammen aus Deutschland, Kroatien, Österreich, Schweiz und Slowenien. 
Abstract: Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae is distributed to 10 institutions all over the world (LE, LG, M, NY, OSC, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z), one set remains in GZU and one in the private herbarium Starmühler. The 20 collections of the genus Aconitum for the sixth fascicle were made in Germany, Croatia, Austria, Switzerland and Slovenia.

Zusammenfassung: Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae wird an 10 Institutionen auf der ganzen Welt (LE, LG, M, NY, OSC, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z) verteilt. Ein Satz verbleibt in GZU und einer im privaten Her-barium Starmühler. Die 20 Aufsammlungen der Gattung Aconitum für den siebenten Faszikel stammen aus Deutschland, Kroatien, Österreich, Schweiz und Slowenien. Abstract: Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae is distributed to 10 institutions all over the world (LE, LG, M, NY, OSC, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z). One set remains in GZU and one in the private herbarium Starmühler.

STARMÜHLER W. 1998. Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae, Fasc. 3 (Nr. 41 - 60). - Fritschiana 13: 1 - 10. 
Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae Fasc. 3 is distributed to 10 institutions all over the world (LE, LG, M, MEL, NY, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z), one set remains in GZU and one in the private herbarium STARMÜHLER. In the third fascicle, 20 collections of the genera Aconitum, Consolida and Delphinium from Austria, Croatia, Poland and Romania are distributed. It includes the holo-type and iso-types of Aconitum moldavicum nsubsp. porcii nsubsp. nova, which is described in this article. Aconitum simonkaianum is ranked as a subspecies combined under  A. moldavicum.

STARMÜHLER W. 1999. Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae, Fasc. 4 (Nr. 61 - 80). - Fritschiana 18: 1 - 10.
Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae is distributed to 10 institutions all over the world (LE, LG, M, MEL, NY, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z), one set remains in GZU and one in the private herbarium STARMÜHLER. In the fourth fascicle, 20 collections of the genera Aconitum and Consolida from Austria, Croatia, Romania and Switzerland are distributed. It includes the neo-type and iso-neotypes of Aconitum lupicida, which is separated from A. lycoctonum and A. ranunculifolium in this article. Aconitum anglicum cv. Bressingham Spire is characterized in botanical view and as a garden plant.

Despite their well-known toxicity, Aconitum species are important traditional medicines worldwide. Aconitum carmichaelii, known in Chinese as (fuzi), is an officially recognized traditional Chinese medicine with characteristic analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, whose principal pharmacological ingredients are considered as aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids. Notwithstanding the long-recorded use of A. carmichaelii in traditional Chinese medicine, no single-entity aconitum alkaloid drug has been developed for clinical use. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to investigate the marker compounds that can be used to differentiate A. carmichaelii from seven other Aconitum species collected in Yunnan Province. Nontargeted principle component analysis scores plots found that all the tested Aconitum species clustered into three distinct groups, and A. carmichaelii was significantly different chemically than the other seven species. Furthermore, the primary and lateral roots of A. carmichaelii al...

STARMÜHLER W. 1997. Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae, Fasc. 2 (Nr. 21 - 40). - Fritschiana 10: 1 - 11. 
Ranunculaceae subtrib. Delphiniinae exsiccatae Fasc. 2 is distributed to 10 institutions all over the world (LE, LG, M, MEL, NY, PE, TBI, TNS, W, Z), one set remains in GZU and one in the private herbarium STARMÜHLER. In the second fascicle, 20 collections of the genera Aconitum, Consolida and Delphinium from Austria, Romania and Slovenia are distributed. It includes the holo-type and iso-types of Aconitum variegatum subsp. variegatum var. carniolicum var. nova, which is described in this article.

Zusammenfassung: Die Serie Aconita rarissima selecta dient ausschließlich der Verteilung von Dubletten von Aconitum-Taxa, die in unterschiedlichen Stückzahlen vorliegen und daher nicht für ein Exsiccatenwerk in Frage kommen. Die Etiketten sind nicht numeriert, die Taxa nur alphabetisch geordnet. Die jeweils aus einer Aufsammlung gewonnene Zahl von Dubletten ist sehr unterschiedlich. In vielen Fällen handelt es sich dabei um Aufsammlungen aus sehr kleinen Populationen oder um sehr seltene Aconita. Hierzu zählen  u. a. Hybriden und Bastarde, die auch in Mischpopulationen oft nur in geringer Anzahl oder sogar nur vereinzelt gefunden werden können. Daher werden für jede Aufsammlung (d. h. auf jedem Etikett) alle Herbarien genannt, welche eine Dublette erhalten (Herbarabkürzungen nach HOLMGREN, P.K., HOLMGREN, N.H. & BARNETT, L.C. 1990: Index Herbariorum, Part I. The Herbaria of the World, Ed. 8. Regnum Vegetabile, Vol. 120. New York bzw. http://www.nybg.org/ bsci/ich/searchih.html). Das private Herbarium STARMÜHLER wird mit „Starm.“ abgekürzt. Im ganzen werden hier 367 Dubletten von 74 Aufsammlungen verteilt. Die Aufsammlungen für den vorliegenden Satz stammen aus Deutsch-land, Frankreich, Kroatien, Österreich, Polen, der Schweiz, der Slowakei, Slowenien und Tschechien. Mit diesem Dubletten-Satz werden auch der Holo-Typus und die IsoTypen von Aconitum ×bavaricum verteilt. Zwei infraspezifische Hybriden von Aconitum ×teppneri werden in dieser Arbeit beschrieben: A. ×teppneri nsubsp. haderlappii nsubsp. nova (A. napellus subsp. lobelii × A. tauricum subsp. latemarense) und A. ×teppneri nsubsp. kerneri nsubsp. nova (A. napellus subsp. napellus × A. tauricum subsp. latemarense). 
Abstract: Aconita rarissima selecta is a series for the publication and distribution of Aconitum collections with variable numbers of specimens. The labels of this series are not numbered. The numbers of duplicates per collection are irregular. In many cases these are collections of hybrids, which can often be found just in small numbers or as single plants even in mixed populations. Therefore every institution receiving a duplicate is cited on the label (Abbreviations follow HOLMGREN, P.K., HOLMGREN, N.H. & BARNETT, L.C. 1990: Index Herbariorum, Part I. The Herbaria of the World, Ed. 8. Regnum Vegetabile, Vol. 120. New York, or http://www.nybg.org/bsci/ich/searchih. html). The private herbarium STARMÜHLER is cited as „Starm.“. 74 collections of 367 Aconitum plants are distributed altogether. The collections for the present set of Aconita rarissima selecta were made in Germany, France, Croatia, Austria, Poland, Switzerland Slovakia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic. This set includes the holo-type and iso-types of Aconitum ×bavaricum. Two infraspecific hybrids of Aconitum ×teppneri are described in this article: A. ×teppneri nsubsp. haderlappii nsubsp. nova (A. napellus subsp. lobelii × A. tauricum subsp. latemarense) and A. ×teppneri nsubsp. kerneri nsubsp. nova (A. napellus subsp. napellus × A. tauricum subsp. latemarense).

The plant Aconitum orochryseum Stapf. (Ranunculaceae) is employed together with other plants in Bhutanese traditional medicine and is indicated for malaria-associated fever.To study the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of atisinium chloride, the major alkaloid from Aconitum orochryseum.Atisinium chloride was extracted and purified from aerial parts of Aconitum orochryseum and its structure and absolute configuration confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The crude methanol extract, crude alkaloid fraction, and atisinium chloride were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the malarial Plasmodium falciparum strains TM4/8.2 (TM4; wild type) and K1CB1 (K1; chloroquine and antifolate resistant).The diterpenoid alkaloid atisinium chloride was shown to have moderate antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 4 μM and 3.6 μM, respectively against the TM4 strain and the K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum.Our studies provide the first evidence in support of one of the indicated treatments with Aconitum orochryseum in Bhutanese traditional medicine. This alkaloid also represents a potential new antimalarial structural lead.

STARMÜHLER, W. 1998. Aconita rarissima selecta (1998). - Fritschiana 13: 11 - 39. 
Aconita rarissima selecta is a series for the publication and distribution of Aconitum collections with variable numbers of specimens. The labels of this series are not numbered. The number of duplicates per collection is irregular, therefore every institution receiving a duplicate is cited on the label. 77 collections of Aconitum taxa are distributed altogether. The collections for the present set of Aconita rarissima selecta were made in Austria, Croatia, France, Italy, Poland and Romania.