BALKANOLOGIJA

Despre relaţiile lexicale româno-albaneze s-a scris până acum foarte mult, în primul rând despre subiectul cuvintelor comune. Un aspect mult mai complex al acestor relaţii îl reprezintă expresiile frazeologice. Există, de fapt, un număr considerabil de expresii fraseologice paralele în limbiile balcanice, care mărturisesc încă o dată relaţiile strânse dintre vorbitorii acestor limbi. În afară de albaneza şi româna, fac parte din acest cerc şi aromâna, bulgara, greaca nouă şi, mai puţin, sârbo-croata. Din cauza aceasta, este important să subliniem că, pe plan frazeologic, cele mai mare afinităţi se constată între română şi albaneză.

Cilj teksta jeste da začne razumevanje uloge psihoanalize u srpskoj (paleo) bal kanologiji. Njegov akcenat je na (paleo)balkanološkoj ideji kontinuiteta koji, međutim, nema linearnu formu pošto je sam koncept vremena doveden u pitanje. Naime, dela srpskih (paleo)balkanologa prožeta su idejom bezvremenosti Balkana iz koga izranjaju "prežici" u vidu praslika, fizičkih karakteristika, običaja, pa i jezičkih formi. Stvara se jedan poseban trop-trop neumitnog povratka potisnutog. Tekst pokazuje da je taj trop suštinski psihoanalitički: on pripada jednoj hermeneutici koja do nas stiže i razvija se 30-ih godina dvadesetog veka, paralelno sa (paleo)balkanološkim istraživanjima i među samim pomenutim autorima. Kod nekih autora on je eksplicitno psihoanalitički, te se tekst fokusira na trojicu takvih: Vojina Matića, Vladimira Dvornikovića i Dragoslava Srejovića. Tekst pokazuje kako je kod sve trojice psihoanalitički trop povratka potisnutog neupitan: prošlost Balkana razume se i opisuje kao njegovo mračno nesvesno koje ne poznaje vreme i iz koga bilo koji sadržaj može ponovo izroniti na površinu.

Postposition of definite article is among of the main balkanisms that takes place in Albanian, Romanian, Bulgarian and Macedonian. The problem of the article in Albanian has caused remarkable disputes in scholarship. There is a vast literature concerning it, as for instance the researches of F etc., who have contributed to the solution of this thorny problem during the last two centuries. This problem has been displayed as a permanent debate on questions such as «What is the origin of the postpositive (definite) article in Albanian?» «Which article is older, the prepositive or the postpositive?» that is «Did the prepositive article derive from the postpositive one or, vice-versa, the postpositive article derive from the prepositive one?». Based on various argumentations, several researchers put forward a number of opinions with regard to this issue. However, there are chiefly two opinions on the origin of the articles: 1) The prepositive article is older than the postpositive/definite one. The prepositive article was uttered together with the preceding noun and was interpreted as its part. Consequently, it reappeared in its habitual position , in the original formula noun + article + adjective. 2) The postpositive/definite article is older than the prepositive one. Postposition preceded preposition, while the latter of these derived from the former through repetition of the postpositive article. The first opinion was put forth by H. Pedersen and was also embraced by A. Graur (dealing primarily with Romanian articles), B. Bokshi, S. Riza etc. The weakness of this opinion was manifested through the following question: Is it possible for the article to exist at the beginning of the adjective without acting any determinative function? How could it become true for the postpositive article to acquire a determinative function, since it did not exist at the prepositive one? Which way, then, did the determinative function feature the category of the nouns? The second opinion was set forth by E. Çabej (1963:78). It was further espoused by Sh. Demiraj and was silently accepted hitherto as the «official» view of the Albanian Postwar Linguistics. The weakness of this opinion was traced through the following question: How is it possible for an agglutinative element to be separated and to stand out as an independent element, even repeated? What was, then, the need of a mechanic repetition?