Biogeochemical Cycle

Conservation and restoration of fens and fen meadows often aim to reduce soil nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The biogeochemistry of P has received much attention as P-enrichment is expected to negatively impact on species diversity in wetlands. It is known that N, sulphur (S) and hydrological conditions affect the biogeochemistry of P, yet their interactive effects on P-dynamics are largely unknown. Additionally, in Europe, climate change has been predicted to lead to increases in summer drought. We performed a greenhouse experiment to elucidate the interactive effects of N, S and a single drought event on the P-availability for Phalaris arundinacea. Additionally, the response of plant phosphatase activity to these factors was measured over the two year experimental period. In contrast to results from earlier experiments, our treatments hardly affected soil P-availability. This may be explained by the higher pH in our soils, hampering the formation of Fe-P or Fe-Al complexes. Addition of S, however, decreased the plants N:P ratio, indicating an effect of S on the N:P stoichiometry and an effect on the plant's P-demand. Phosphatase activity increased significantly after addition of S, but was not affected by the addition of N or a single drought event. Root phosphatase activity was also positively related to plant tissue N and P concentrations, plant N and P uptake, and plant aboveground biomass, suggesting that the phosphatase enzyme influences P-biogeochemistry. Our results demonstrated that it is difficult to predict the effects of wetland restoration, since the involved mechanisms are not fully understood. Short-term and long-term effects on root phosphatase activity may differ considerably. Additionally, the addition of S can lead to unexpected effects on the biogeochemistry of P. Our results showed that natural resource managers should be careful when restoring degraded fens or preventing desiccation of fen ecosystems.

Carbon cycle leads to an effective path in biogeochemical cycle. The carbon cycle The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere as a CO2.It is the main manner of carbon in atmosphere and also CO,CH4, also cam be seen in atmosphere from little amounts. The carbon dioxide is green house gas, it support heating. Plant utilise this CO4 to produce there own foods for photosynthesis. As a result of this photosynthesis carbon in atmosphere enters into plant bodies. Photosynthesis is the main path of carbon fixation. Plants are the primary the primary producers in the planet. Animals microbes are mostly depend on plant. Herbivores are primary consumers and they entirely depends in plants. They eat plant parts as a result of it carbon that fixed in plant bodies enter into animal body through the food chain and weds and that carbon exchange between animals. The plants and animals produce energy by breaking organic food while utilizing O2 and produce CO2 .That CO2 release to atmosphere as a respiration product. And also plant and animals die when they reach to end of long journey. The microbes are work on bread Bob and produce CH4,,CO2 and other secretion. The CO3 2 ,HCO3ions are produce that ion products deposit in soil as Canbon,MgCO3 and anymore. As aa result of anaerobic conditions and high pressure the carbon contain in dead bodies turn into coal and fossil oil. Humans utilize this carbon resources to produce energy. As a result of it the stored carbon release into atmosphere.

Wildfire significantly impacts forest ecosystems throughout the world. At the regional scale, wildfire affects a wide range of ecological, economic and social values related to forests. At the global scale, forest fire emissions of greenhouse gases, particulates and aerosols emissions into the atmosphere, direct and significantly impacts on atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles and the Earth radiative budget. The assessment of the timing and spatial extent of biomass burning, as needed for different tasks, is a mission that nowadays is only affordable using remote sensing techniques.

We combined measurements of tree growth and carbon dioxide exchange to investigate the effects of selective logging on the Aboveground Live Biomass (AGLB) of a tropical rain forest in the Amazon. Most of the measurements began at least 10 months before logging and continued at least 36 months after logging. The logging removed ∼15% of the trees with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) greater than 35 cm, which resulted in an instantaneous 10% reduction in AGLB. Both wood production and mortality increased following logging, while Gross Primary Production (GPP) was unchanged. The ratio of wood production to GPP (the wood Carbon Use Efficiency or wood CUE) more than doubled following logging. Small trees (10 cm < DBH < 35 cm) accounted for most of the enhanced wood production. Medium trees (35 cm < DBH < 55 cm) that were within 30 m of canopy gaps created by the logging also showed increased growth. The patterns of enhanced growth are most consistent with logging-induced incre...

A prominent, middle Miocene (17.5–13.5 Ma) carbon isotope excursion ubiquitously recorded in carbonate sediments has been attributed to enhanced marine productivity and sequestration of 13C depleted organic carbon in marine sediments or enhanced carbon burial in peat/lignite deposits on land. Here we test the hypothesis that the marine δ13C record reflects a change in productivity with proxy records from three Atlantic Ocean sites (Deep Sea Drilling Program Site 608 and Ocean Drilling Program Sites 925 and 1265). Our multiproxy approach is based on benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates, elemental ratios (Ba/Al and P/Al), the δ13C of bulk sedimentary organic matter, and dissolution indices. We compare these proxies to benthic foraminiferal δ13C values measured on the same samples. Our results indicate that marine paleoproductivity in the Atlantic Ocean is not related to the benthic foraminiferal δ13C excursion. A numerical box model confirms that marine productivity cannot account...