Management of the organic fraction of urban solid waste using anaerobic procedures will contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and using biogas, which is a carbon neutral energy, to generate electrical energy will... more
Management of the organic fraction of urban solid waste using anaerobic procedures will contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and using biogas, which is a carbon neutral energy, to generate electrical energy will eventually help in reducing the combustion of fossil fuel. Energy recovery in the form of biogas from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in three different locations is studied. The present status of the biomethanation plants at these locations is reviewed and analysed, in order to understand the prospects of biomethanation as a technological option for managing the increasing urban solid waste sustainability. In spite of the fact that biomethanation is an established technology worldwide, including India, the scale-up of the same has become an uphill task, both for the Central Government and the Urban Local Bodies. Biomethanation for processing the organic fraction of urban solid wastes needs a lot of planning, not only with respect to the design, construction and operation, but also with institutionalising the concept of integrated solid waste management, without which biomethanation would not be a viable option.
Wastes to Energy (WtE) technologies is an effective tool for Solid Waste Management (SWM) and has far less detrimental impact on environment as compared to conventional ways of disposing our Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).Sadly most of these... more
Wastes to Energy (WtE) technologies is an effective tool for Solid Waste Management (SWM) and has far less detrimental impact on environment as compared to conventional ways of disposing our Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).Sadly most of these technologies proven well in the west are failing in Indian conditions. This report not only tries to prove wrong the myth about WtE technology failure (thermal and biochemical) for MSW but also discusses the guideline from Pune region WtE project for technical and financial feasibility based on city size and garbage generation to derive at a roadmap for Aurangabad. Aurangabad is in urgent need for effective SWM and is assessed for WtE on the bases of the module suggested in this report. Application of the module to Aurangabad is to conclude that WtE projects are not technology failure. The report further investigates other causes of failure and tries to rectify the same by suggesting changes in policy and implementation of project.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest crude oil producer in the world and possesses the largest oil reserves. The crude oil revenue has resulted in a massive socio-economic development over the last four decades. This situation... more
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest crude oil producer in the world and possesses the largest oil reserves. The crude oil revenue has resulted in a massive socio-economic development over the last four decades. This situation has resulted in rapid growth of the country’s electricity demand and municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The KSA is proposing an impressive plan towards renewable energy utilization that includes waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. This research assesses the potential contribution of WTE facilities to total Saudi peak power demand up to the year 2032 based on two scenarios: Mass Burn and Mass Burn with recycling for the entire country and for six major cities in the KSA. The analysis shows a potential to produce about 2073 Megawatts (MW) based on a Mass Burn scenario and about 166 MW based on Mass Burn with recycling scenario. These values amount to about 1.73% and 0.14% of the projected 2032 peak electricity demand of 120 Gigawatt. The forecasted results of each city from the two scenarios can be used to design future WTE facilities in the main cities of Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the two scenarios based on financial, social, technical, and environmental criteria.
In the recent years global energy crisis increased at a fast pace. Demand for the use of fossil fuels for cooking and other commercial activities increased along with the increasing population of India. Use of renewable sources of energy... more
In the recent years global energy crisis increased at a fast pace. Demand for the use of fossil fuels for cooking and other commercial activities increased along with the increasing population of India. Use of renewable sources of energy viz. biogas for cooking etc can somewhat be an alternative for the excessive demand of fossil fuels like LPG. In this study, the catalytic effect of tungsten for maximizing biogas have been presented. Essentially, anaerobic digestion process have been conducted in batch reactors for a retention time of 15 days at a constant temperature of 27°C. Necessary cumulative and differential plots between yield of biogas and retention time have been studied for individual anaerobic digestion processes at different slurry and catalyst concentrations so as to observe the optimum slurry and catalyst concentration for maximum biogas production. Maximum yield of biogas have been obtained with 5% slurry concentration at 1.5g/l catalyst concentration.
