Bis/bas

Resumen: Sobre la base de la teoría de la personalidad de BIS/BAS (Carver y White, 1994) y de la teoría motivacional de la Self-determination theory (Gagné y Deci, 2005), se estudió la relación entre ambos modelos con el fin de identificar perfiles que nos permitan entender las características y las necesidades motivacionales de los individuos. Se tomó una muestra de 232 individuos a los que se les realizó el cuestionario completo de BIS/BAS, el cuestionario completo de la Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (Gagné et al., 2015) y se indagó sobre una serie de incentivos con el objetivo de contar con los más efectivos para cada perfil. Los cinco perfiles propuestos permiten entender cómo se comportan los subtipos de motivación dentro del modelo de personalidad BIS/BAS y como se compone el conjunto de incentivos más efectivos para cada perfil.

Palabras clave: Motivación, incentivos, personalidad, neuromotivación, neuroliderazgo, organización, management, BIS/BAS, self determination theory., amenazas sociales, recompensas

Summary: Based on the theory of personality BIS / BAS (Carver and White, 1994) and the motivational theory of Self-determination theory (Gagné and Deci, 2005), studied the relationship between both models in order to identify profiles that allow us to understand the characteristics and motivational needs of individuals. A sample of 232 individuals was taken from whom the complete BIS/BAS questionnaire, the complete questionnaire of the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (Gagné et al., 2015) was carried out and a series of incentives were investigated with the objective of having the most effective for each profile. The five proposed profiles allow us to understand how the motivation subtypes behave within the BIS/BAS personality model and how the most effective set of incentives for each profile is composed.

Keywords: Motivation, incentives, personality, neuromotivation, neuroleadership, organization, management, BIS/BAS, self determination theory. , social threats, social rewards, SIC, SAC, SCARF, job satisfaction, work environment, engagement, social pain, organizational commitment

Gray’s (1970) reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) was recently updated (Gray & McNaughton, 2000), but the changes have not received extensive empirical validation. The study tests three novel predictions of the revised RST. First, the behavioral activation system (BAS) is expected to be sensitive to both con- ditioned and unconditioned incentives. Second, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is expected to be sensitive to conflicting incentives such as between unconditioned and conditioned stimuli, and not to avoidance responses or aversive stimuli alone. Third, during approach-avoidance conflicts only, BAS is expected to moderate BIS responses to conflict such that individuals with high BAS show the strongest effect of BIS. In order to test these hypotheses, we developed a novel incentive task that crosses approach/avoidance conditioned responses to appetitive/aversive unconditioned stimuli. Conflict between unconditioned and conditioned stimuli occurred on the approach-aversive and avoid-appetitive trials. Results confirm the predictions and provide support for the revised RST.

On the basis of a review of the extant literature describing emotion– cognition interactions, the authors propose 4 methodological desiderata for studying how task-irrelevant affect modulates cognition and present data from an experiment satisfying them. Consistent with accounts of the hemispheric asymmetries characterizing withdrawal-related negative affect and visuospatial working memory (WM) in prefrontal and parietal cortices, threat-induced anxiety selectively disrupted accuracy of spatial but not verbal WM performance. Furthermore, individual differences in physiological measures of anxiety statistically mediated the degree of disruption. A second experiment revealed that individuals characterized by high levels of behavioral inhibition exhibited more intense anxiety and relatively worse spatial WM performance in the absence of threat, solidifying the authors’ inference that anxiety causally mediates disruption. These observations suggest a revision of extant models of how anxiety sculpts cognition and underscore the utility of the desiderata. Keywords: anxiety, working memory prefrontal cortex (PFC), hemispheric asymmetries, facial electromyography (EMG)

Disruption of the sense of being effective and causally determinant in performing an action was explored in the present research by inducing an erroneous external spatial feedback in response to the subject's behaviour. ERPs were recorded from fifteen subjects when they were receiving mismatching/matching feedback information on direction. In addition, subjective sensitivity to the external cues was monitored by Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioural Activation System (BAS) measures, as well as Behaviour Identification process was tested by Behavior Identification Form (BIF). One negative ERP deflections of higher amplitude was revealed in concomitance to false feedback, peaking at about 210 ms post-stimulus, more central-posteriorly localized. We supposed that it may represent feedback-error system of which activity might be reflected in FRN, deputed to monitor the unattended feedback furnished by an external system. Moreover, a P3b effect was also observed in great measure for false spatial feedback, more posteriorly (Pz) distributed. According to the context-updating hypothesis, the P3b may reflect the revision of the mental model of the context. BIS showed to be more sensitive to both veridical and false feedback that increased FRN, whereas higher-BAS and BAS-Reward measures revealed an increased proactive attitude to external feedback (higher P3b). Finally, low-level of action representation explained FRN amplitude more than high-level one.

The aim of the present study is the predict of worry based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and intolerance of uncertainty in students. In terms of objective, this study is off is study is the fundamental type, and in terms of data collection, it is of the correlation type. For this purpose, 200 students were selected using convenience sampling (available sampling) from Masters students at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2014-2015 school year. The participants were asked to answer the measures of behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (SERQ), intolerance of uncertainty Scale (IUS) and the Penn state worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and stepwise regression. Results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of behavioral inhibition system, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and intolerance of uncertainty in one hand, and worry in another hand (p<0.01), and there was a negative significant relationship between the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and worry (p<0.01). These variables were able to predict 1/54 of the total variance of concern (p<0.001). In addition, the relationship between the behavioral activator system variable and worry was not significant. Worry is related to a variety of negative consequences, including a high degree of emotional reactivity and inefficient regulation styles. Thus, the findings of this study have practical implications in the clinical arena.