The power system blackout history of last two decades is presented.Conventional load shedding techniques, their types and limitations are presented.Applications of intelligent techniques in load shedding are presented.Intelligent... more
The power system blackout history of last two decades is presented.Conventional load shedding techniques, their types and limitations are presented.Applications of intelligent techniques in load shedding are presented.Intelligent techniques include ANN, fuzzy logic, ANFIS, genetic algorithm and PSO.The discussion and comparison between these techniques are provided.Recent blackouts around the world question the reliability of conventional and adaptive load shedding techniques in avoiding such power outages. To address this issue, reliable techniques are required to provide fast and accurate load shedding to prevent collapse in the power system. Computational intelligence techniques, due to their robustness and flexibility in dealing with complex non-linear systems, could be an option in addressing this problem. Computational intelligence includes techniques like artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic control, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and particle swarm optimization. Research in these techniques is being undertaken in order to discover means for more efficient and reliable load shedding. This paper provides an overview of these techniques as applied to load shedding in a power system. This paper also compares the advantages of computational intelligence techniques over conventional load shedding techniques. Finally, this paper discusses the limitation of computational intelligence techniques, which restricts their usage in load shedding in real time.
In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten erfolgte ein exponentieller Anstieg bei der Verbreitung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT). Parallel dazu stiegen auch der Grad der technischen Vernetzung und die Komplexität der... more
In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten erfolgte ein exponentieller Anstieg bei der Verbreitung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT). Parallel dazu stiegen auch der Grad der technischen Vernetzung und die Komplexität der technischen Systeme an. Der technische Fortschritt führte auch zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der technischen Sicherheit. Trotz allem ist aber parallel dazu sowohl eine massive quantitative als auch qualitative Zunahme von Störfällen zu beobachten, die sich im Wesentlichen auf die Problematik der soziotechnischen Interaktion zwischen Technik und Mensch zurückführen lassen: Der Mensch stellt als komplexes System eine universelle Sicherheitsschwachstelle in zu wenig fehlertoleranten technischen Systemen dar. Mittlerweile kommt es zu einem verstärkten Einsatz dieser fehleranfälligen Systeme im Bereich der Kritischen Infrastruktur und Industrieanlagen. Daher kommt es auch vermehrt zu einem Transfer der typischen IKT-Sicherheitsprobleme wie etwa Schadsoftware, Hackerangriffe oder die Abhängigkeit von der Energieversorgung. Ein größerer Ausfall im Bereich der Kritischen Infrastrukturen führt durch Kaskadeneffekte rasch zu folgenschweren Auswirkungen für das gesamte Gesellschaftsleben. In Folge der Analyse des Themas „Intelligente Stromzähler“ und „Blackout“ wurde die These abgeleitet, dass durch die Veränderungen in Technologie, Gesellschaft und Politik neue Herausforderungen für das nationale Krisenmanagement entstanden sind.
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels eines ganzheitlichen, systemischen Ansatzes die Hintergründe der Komplexitätssteigerung. Dabei erfolgt im ersten Schritt eine kurze Betrachtung der grundlegenden Themenbereiche dieser Arbeit. Im zweiten Schritt werden drei Prognosen zu den aktuellen Veränderungen in der Gesellschaft und der Einfluss auf bestehende Lösungskompetenzen untersucht. Danach erfolgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Kybernetik, deren Grundsätze für eine nachhaltige Systemgestaltung ganz wesentlich sind. Weiters folgt eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit den erwartbaren neuen Herausforderungen für das nationale Krisenmanagement. Dabei werden auch die Chancen für die Gesellschaft hervorgehoben. Anschließend erfolgt eine Sensitivitätsanalyse anhand des Szenarios „Blackout“, um die theoretischen Ansätze mit einem praktischen Beispiel zu untermauern. Abschließend werden die wesentlichsten Erkenntnisse und ein Ausblick für weitere Untersuchungen zusammengefasst.
In this article we propose a new ontology for games, synthesising phenomenology, Latourian Actor-Network Theory and Goffmanian frame analysis. In doing so we offer a robust, minimal and practical model for the analyst and designer, that... more
In this article we propose a new ontology for games, synthesising phenomenology, Latourian Actor-Network Theory and Goffmanian frame analysis. In doing so we offer a robust, minimal and practical model for the analyst and designer, that clearly illustrates the network of objects within the 'Black Box' of any game, illuminating how each object (from player to memory card to sunlight) may move between three levels of the Game Event: Social World, Operative World and Character World. Abbreviating these worlds, a shorthand for the model is SOC (Social/Operative/Character).
In this article we propose a new ontology for games, synthesising phenomenology, Latourian Actor-Network Theory and Goffmanian frame analysis. In doing so we offer a robust, minimal and practical model for the analyst and designer, that... more
In this article we propose a new ontology for games, synthesising phenomenology, Latourian Actor-Network Theory and Goffmanian frame analysis. In doing so we offer a robust, minimal and practical model for the analyst and designer, that clearly illustrates the network of objects within the 'Black Box' of any game, illuminating how each object (from player to memory card to sunlight) may move between three levels of the Game Event: Social World, Operative World and Character World. Abbreviating these worlds, a shorthand for the model is SOC (Social/Operative/Character).
An operational condition of a power system is able to affect to stability performances after disturbed by a certain fault on the interconnection system. Moreover, this fault also gives impact to the blackout situation created by a large... more
An operational condition of a power system is able to affect to stability performances after disturbed by a certain fault on the interconnection system. Moreover, this fault also gives impact to the blackout situation created by a large disturbance as disconnecting back bone lines of the interconnection system. In detail, this case is presented in this paper for evaluating transient stability performances of generating units while producing energy for the load center online the power system operation with the blackout situation designed using a branch tripping method. Furthermore, the transient stability responses are subjected to the power generation of the electric power system in Malang Raya as a real system operation for interacting the generating and demand sites. Results obtained show that voltage changes of Wlingi power station is 0.944 pu to 0.946 pu and its overshoot is 0,962. But the other overshoot of the power generation in Sutami remained to 0.968 pu at 0.5 second after...
The present paper describes the behavior of the input key parameters selected in the analysis of the early stages of a Station Blackout scenario simulated in a CANDU 6 reactor. The event timing of an SBO accident progression was described... more
The present paper describes the behavior of the input key parameters selected in the analysis of the early stages of a Station Blackout scenario simulated in a CANDU 6 reactor. The event timing of an SBO accident progression was described in this paper. However, “time” is merely one of many aspects to be referred for the comparison of the level of safety. An overall comparison of the level of safety needs more carefully constructed overall risk profiles, i.e. both the probabilities and consequences for an adequate spectrum of scenarios. The limitations of the analyses also result from the uncertain severe accident phenomena. Uncertainties are inherently very large for an analysis of severe accident phenomena. The objective of this analysis is to identify and classify the important key parameters to quantify the response of the reactor systems in predicted safety analysis under best estimate conditions. The uncertainty analysis using RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD4.0 follows the input-propagation approach using probability distribution functions to define the uncertainty of the input parameters.
