Resilience

Prolongeant ses travaux sur la répression, Vanessa Codaccioni analyse et dénonce les ressorts de « la société de vigilance ». Surveillance massive, appel à la délation, légitimation de la répression : une nouvelle servitude volontaire est insidieusement imposée aux citoyens qui deviennent des acteurs incontournables de cette dynamique sécuritaire.

Prolongeant ses travaux sur la répression, Vanessa Codaccioni analyse et dénonce les ressorts de « la société de vigilance ». Surveillance massive, appel à la délation, légitimation de la répression : une nouvelle servitude volontaire est insidieusement imposée aux citoyens qui deviennent des acteurs incontournables de cette dynamique sécuritaire.

The discipline of disaster studies has been hesitant to critically interrogate dual discourses of vulnerability and ‘building resilience’ in a meaningful way as it continues to dominate research and practice. This is despite deep engagement within different disciplines to offer radical reconsiderations of these discourses. I use multi-year long autoethnographic immersion into the problematic of resilience. I integrate personal experience as a White, female scholar who studies disasters, with an almost decade-long project focused on the pre-and-post Katrina context of New Orleans bounce rap. I task what it means ‘to be resilient’ and who decides when groups have reached this state. I situate an empirical challenge to metanarratives of resilience and the colonialism they suggest, and also task resilience as constructed by elites and imposed on those decided as vulnerable. This work suggests a dramatic shift away from the building resilience discourse into meaningful engagement with the institutional neglect of the colonial present that fosters disaster in the first place.

Individuals with multiple devalued subordinate group identities can face different challenges related to those identities simultaneously, which may put them in risk psychologically. Despite these challenges, many disadvantaged minorities feel and function well, hence they are resilient. Research explaining the underlying mechanisms of resilience in the context of multiple subordinate identities are limited, especially from collectivist cultural contexts. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how social identifications play a role in the well-being of migrant sexual minorities. Arguments from the theories of social identity, acculturation and resilience were used to formulate hypotheses. This research tests the main hypothesis that while discrimination and acculturative stress are risk factors for the well-being of migrant sexual minorities, identifications with relevant social groups moderate this link. An alternative hypothesis was also tested in that social identifications mediate the link between risk factors and well-being. Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 193 sexual minorities who have migrated to metropolitan cities of Turkey from other towns of the country. The questionnaires which were used included demographic information questions, Perceived Discrimination Scale (Ruggiero & Taylor, 1995), Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale (Demes & Geeraert, 2014), Multicomponent Ingroup Identification Scale (Leach et al., 2008), Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). Moreover, to investigate culture-specific resilience resources Adult Resilience Measure was used (Resilience Research Centre, 2013). Moderated regression analyses revealed that interactions of risk and protective factors had no effect on well-being. The alternative mediation hypotheses revealed that protective factors were significant mediators for the relationship between risk factors of perceived group discrimination and acculturative stress and well-being. The results suggested that multiple group identities may not function as a buffering factor (moderator) but it facilitates dealing with the risks associated with being a sexual minority and migrant to increase well-being (mediator). This research contributes to (1) Resilience Framework on the basis of a strength-based perspective on disadvantaged groups, (2) Social Identity Theory through demonstrating mutual effects between social identities, and (3) applied fields of psychological consultation and social policy making in consideration of these findings.

Introduction for second edition /  Preface

When in 1989 an anonymous reviewer commented on my short paper that “this classification should be extended to description of distributed systems,” (Yet another approach to classification of redundancy, CIM IMEKO Symp.1990, Helsinki, pp. 117-124) I was really excited, because people in the research community were thinking much deeper and wider than myself (- I had just defended my PhD).

Further, fault tolerance was migrating to dependability (Jean Claude Laprie was an indisputable authority and expert in this domain, see more:  www.springer.com/gb/book/9783709191729, which later emerged as the concept of resilience.

In principle, all these new properties had a concrete reasoning and meaning behind them: when something erroneous has happens, any system of our design should be able to cope with the problem. Options vary, as well as circumstances and area of application, thus:

- If it stops the error propagating and freezes in a safe state, it is fail-stop, or fail-safe;
- If it can cope with permanent faults inside the system, it is a fault tolerant system;
- When it continues with reduced functionality, it is graceful degradation;
- If it is designed with attention having been paid to reliability, availability and maintenance or serviceability, it is
      dependable system;
- If it capable to of tolerating obstacles caused by internal and external factors and can spring back, recover and continue, then a system can be considered as resilient.

There are two major ways to achieve any of the properties mentioned above: at  system level, or at local level (technological). Obviously, any reasonable combination of both levels is also welcome. In this book we do not want to repeat our papers and books
(https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319150680, https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319468129)
but to incorporate into the second edition any significant progress that has emerged.
Speaking about ICT systems, especially safety-critical and real-time ones, we might think about the implementation of resilience from the system level down through to hardware and systems software. In addition, we need to consider that each of the parts will both interact with and support each other.

NFRs (Non-Functional Requirements) of each part of the system were considered, such as:

- Performance;
- Reliability;
- Efficiency (mostly energy efficient).

Therefore, the systems that we design should be PRE-smart and provide these properties throughout the life cycle. 

Neither of  our books to date  - have appeared as complete. These books have been used in China, Switzerland, Russia and USA, (mostly Masters and PhD students) and we have received substantial feedback, such as:

- While reliability of hardware and availability at the system level are explained and fine, there are no sections, or chapters about performance, especially where parallel and distributed systems are concerned;
- How to apply (as mentioned in the above review) the classification and properties of resilience for and within distributed systems;
- How real-time and safety-critical applications should be treated considering the system resilience: rules for system and for packages - have they changed?

It was especially satisfying as  we have  discovered that these segments are being updated by researchers around the globe, providing excellent contributions to the content.

Thus, our book became and evolving system in itself, aggregating our further efforts with the efforts and results of our colleagues from China, Switzerland, UK and Russia. Our book has therefore become itself resilient, benefiting from the contributions from the following:

Performance chapter (including element level performance and parallel design was prepared and included using materials and having contributions from:

-  Professor Hao Kai, Shantou University, China;
- Simon Monkman, IT-ACS Ltd researcher.

System software chapters were part of substantial efforts from:

- Professor Eugeny Zuev and his team in Technopolis, Kazan, Russia.

In turn, requested in 1989 consideration of system level of resilience for distributed systems were developed as two chapters: system level and algorithmic implementation prepared by me and Stephen Farrell. In these chapters we have introduced a concept of desperation ( for transactions within distributed systems) and show that our existing and new results, even patented: https://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-ipsum/Case/PublicationNumber/GB2448351

can be extremely useful making the whole network really resilient and achieving by far better service for applications, especially when critical level of their use was assumed.

I Schagaev

Working across earth and social sciences, this article reevaluates resilience’s conceptual framework, drawing out alternative pathways for understanding and responding to the dislocations of the Anthropocene. Via a critical reading of the Anthropocene with the help of resilience’s adaptive cycle heuristic, I locate the possibility of new forms of life in its phase of release and reorganisation: the back loop. More than a brief, negative phase to govern or navigate, I argue that the back loop o ers the possibility for a practical orientation to the Anthropocene based on experimentation with new uses, release of old frameworks, and allowance for the unknown. Inhabiting the back loop, as I call it, articulates an ethos couched not in fear or survival but rather creative and technical audacity in unsafe operating space, as embodied already in a variegated landscape of practitioners.

High Reliability Organisation (HRO) and Resilience Engineering (RE) are two research traditions which have attracted a wide and diverse readership in the past decade. Both have reached the status of central contributions to the field of safety while sharing a similar orientation. This is not without creating tensions or questions, as expressed in the call of this special issue. The contention of this article is that these two schools introduce ways of approaching safety which need to be reflected upon in order to avoid simplifications and hasty judgments about their relative strength, weaknesses or degree of overlapping. HRO has gained strength and legitimacy from (1) studying ethnographically, with an organisational angle, high-risk systems, (2) debating about principles producing organisation reliability in face of high complexity and (3) conceptualising some of these principles into a successful generic model of " collective mindfulness " , with both practical and theoretical success. RE has gained strength and legitimacy from (1) harnessing then deconstructing, empirically and theoretically, the notion of 'human error', (2) argued for a system (and complexity) view and discourse about safety/accidents, (3) and supported this view with the help of (graphical) actionable models and methods (i.e. the engineering orientation). In order to show this, one has to go beyond the past 10 years of RE to include a longer time frame going back to the 80s to the early days of Cognitive Engineering (CE). The approach that is followed here includes therefore a strong historical orientation as a way to better understand the present situation, profile each school, promote complementarities while maintaining nuances.

Podczas tego wydarzenia w ramach sesji Rady Klimatycznej UJ przedstawiona zostanie książka "Za pięć dwunasta koniec świata. Kryzys klimatyczno-ekologiczny głosem wielu nauk" pod redakcją Kasi Jasikowskiej (Instytut Socjologii UJ) i Michała Pałasza (Instytut Kultury UJ), która ukaże się  na wiosnę w wolnym dostępie. Zaprezentowane zostaną główne myśli 22 artykułów dotyczących różnych aspektów kryzysu klimatyczno-ekologicznego autorstwa ekspertów rozmaitych dziedzin nauk przyrodniczych, społecznych i humanistycznych, wśród których wielu związanych z jest z Uniwersytetem Jagiellońskim i Radą Klimatyczną UJ.

Long-term pain is a common comorbidity for people with acquired brain injury. This chapter explores what it is like to live with those two conditions, focusing on the meaning for the individual. The meaning of pain plays a part in determining people’s emotional reactions and behavioural choices, and it is central for the process of psychosocial adjustment to a life with functional, social, participatory, and emotional challenges. Meaning is also closely linked to the identity changes that typically happen once people are faced with the challenge of living with long-term conditions. The field of positive psychology has contributed valuable insights into this process and the roles of benefit-finding, resilience, and post-traumatic growth are discussed. Two significantly different case stories are used as an illustration of life with acquired brain injury and long-term pain. One case, Julie, illustrates the process of adaptation and the other case, Mark, illustrates the challenge of dealing with pain issues when insight and pain perception has been changed by a frontal lobe injury. In both cases, the meaning of pain is integral to the meaning of brain injury. Neither Julie nor Mark consider themselves to have long-term pain, they live with the long-term impact of their brain injury, where pain is just one aspect. In fact, Mark’s altered pain perception causes him to claim that he feels no pain, yet it is nevertheless a challenge for him. The chapter concludes with clinical recommendations, calling for access to systematic, psychosocial rehabilitation that includes meaning-based approaches. A holistic rehabilitation model is proposed, suggesting that traditional medical and rehabilitation approaches need to happen within the context of psychosocial adjustment and rehabilitation, rather than expecting psychosocial adjustment to happen by itself, as a “by-product” of medical, physical, cognitive, and occupational interventions.

What do huge flocks of sheep, hundreds of rabbits, business parks, metropolitan parks, leisure parks, high-tech parks have in common with airports? These are the most frequent visitors to airports recently constructed. These are the new ways of inhabiting an airport and connecting it to its context. The book presents the transformation of obsolete airfields as new productive landscapes. It explores the challenges for the conversion of abandoned, decommissioned and on-hold airports thought the exploration of their life cycles. By exploring the transitory condition, defined as “on-hold,” the book discovers strategies for the transformation of obsolete airfields.

Under the consideration of different measures adopted by most United Nations (UN) states members, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aim to address main challenges related to social, economic and environmental issues. Numerous single indicators have been established to monitor progress towards sustainable development; however, the need for benchmarking the degree of sustainability of countries triggered the creation of the composite SDG Index, which originally compiled 77 indicators and has evolved to 99 at present. This research analyses the suitability of applying this composite index for assessing the fulfilment of the 2030 Agenda. The scarce availability of information resulted in 60% of the SDGs indicators being disregarded in the SDG Index. The scores obtained through the application of this index clustered UN countries according to specific geographic areas, highlighting the need for developing regional SDG Indices to emphasize the achievement of lower-performed goals.

Brazil has endured multiple political, economic, and environmental crises-and now the COVID-19 pandemic-which have drawn social inequalities into razor sharp relief. This contribution analyzes the resilience of rural families facing these crises in southern Bahia. These families have benefited from various redistributive policies over the years, including redistributive land reforms (RLRs), conditional cash transfers (CCTs), and recent emergency aid (EA) payments related to the pandemic. Each (re)distributive approach involves different notions of distributive justice informed by competing background theories of "the good, " which hold implications for concepts of resilience. Drawing on long-term research with RLR communities in Bahia, this article considers the gains achieved by different redistributive programs. Families who acquired land through RLR projects appear more resilient, especially in the face of crisis.

The purpose of this 24-hour course is to educate, inspire, and equip leaders to enact sustained, positive changes in their units, their families, and in their personal lives. It will provide participants with evidence-based approaches and tools for improving fitness in five domains: emotional, social, family, physical, and spiritual. Specifically, the course is designed to provide a thorough understanding of the five domains, what it means to be fit in those domains, and methods to achieve fitness in each. It is heavily weighted towards practical application and dedicates approximately four hours to each domain. The elective will cover many of the skills presented at the Army’s Master Resilience Training Course. It will also touch on nutrition and alternative forms of physical fitness training, to include yoga and CrossFit. Graduates should experience better health, improved work performance, and stronger relationships. The desired outcome is for graduates to develop and implement a practical, holistic fitness plan.

Buddhism provides various kinds of wisdom supporting human beings when they are faced with life and death. How should we confront our own death? How should we treat the mind, when our family member or loved one is faced with death? How should we comfort the grief, when we go through the death of the family member or the loved one?  We want to show you such Buddhist wisdom concerning the problems of life and death.
We have taken part in a lot of academic conferences such as of Association of
Clinical Death Studies in Japan (Nihon no Shi Rinshō Kenkyūkai, 日本の死臨床研究会) out of interest in what is called humanity. I have seen many people confronting the death and those who care them and could learn a lot of things. I would like to show you my poor process as well.

Death is unreasonable for human beings. We are not able to explain rationally the death of a family member or loved one. 
Why am I supposed to die? Why is the family member or loved one supposed to die? Why is he or she supposed to die at such a young age?, etc.
No matter how many times we ask ourselves “Why”, it is not possible to find the answer.
The death from long-term disease must not be acceptable, much less sudden death or the death due to any disaster or accident. 
The Tōhoku earthquake which occurred on 11. March 2011 forced many people to confront the absurdity.
But come to think of it, what is unreasonable is not only death.
All the fact that we were born, that we live at this moment and that we are who we are absurd. Nobody cannot choose the parents, where and when he or she is born, etc.  We cannot explain why we look like that, why we have such a color of the eyes and hairs.
This is because life is beyond the comprehention of human beings by nature.

Law firms seeking a competitive advantage in the marketplace would do well to consider that the positive psychological resources of firm lawyers are just as important to individual and organizational performance as their intellectual resources. There is growing evidence from the fields of positive psychology and positive organizational behavior that the resources of hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resilience shape the underlying attitudes and behaviors associated with increased performance. These resources may even buffer lawyers against the occupational hazards of the profession that cut against long-term success – hazards that include depression, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide. In this capstone I advocate for traditional law firm associate training programs to be enhanced to include the development of psychological capital (or “PsyCap”), a construct consisting of the components of hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism. I discuss how policies that promote lawyer str...

Charles R. Figley was the 1994 recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Figley's impact on the field can be seen in his community involvement and in his nearly 20 years of writing. During those years, byhis actions and words, he has called our attention to both the direct and indirect victims of trauma. M+His most recent book, Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary PTSD Among Those Who reat the Traumatized, is a landmark contribution to the STS literature. In this chapter, Figley outlines the logic of his thinking and helps the reader understand the context from which STS can arise.

This paper discusses business continuity management (BCM) and its role in contemporary financial institutions. BCM is a nascent disaster preparedness and recovery strategy that seeks to protect vital business operations from disruptions. The paper traces contemporary BCM back to Cold War continuity of government planning, and shows how BCM came to understand security as continuity of processes rather than integrity of goods. BCM is prominent in finance because it promises to mitigate operational risks, and it focuses on risks stemming from interdependencies in financial infrastructures. By engaging with two events that triggered continuity management in banks, Hurricane Sandy in New York City and the 'Blockupy' demonstrations in Frankfurt, the paper highlights how BCM is challenged by large-scale disasters as well as acts of public criticism.

The simulation of complex adaptive systems with large numbers of individuals can be facilitated greatly in terms of mathematical difficulty and computer resource demand by employing aggregate models which look at the temporal evolution of mean state and variability of key characteristics of the system.  This approach has been shown to effectively describe diverse complex systems such as tree stands, algal communities, and human subsistence schemes.  I here introduce the educational version of the Global Land use and Technological Evolution Simulator, which describes the evolution of regional human populations, technologies and subsistence styles throughout the Holocene.  Within this model framework, societal adaptations to slow and societal resilience to fast climate changes can be investigated.  The educational model is tailored to final year high-school / early semester university students; it is used to introduce researchers outside the natural sciences to quantitative modeling of adaptation and resilience.

Background: This study aimed at developing and using a semi-quantitative method for analyzing safety resilience in the chemical industry. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 2018-2020.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study aimed to develop a semi-quantitative method for analyzing resilience based on the Delphi method including 18 experts in chemical and process engineering as well as the health, safety and environment (HSE) engineering.
Results: The development of the semi-quantitative method for analyzing safety resilience took place after three rounds of the Delphi study. In this Delphi study, all the members of the experts' panel approved the three components of preparedness, likelihood, and severity with an 80% acceptance level. The results of the field study revealed 131 hazardous elements. The maximum and minimum values of resilience were found to be 500 and 100 belonging to failure in utility and failure in the distributed control system, respectively. 
Conclusion: The developed semi-quantitative method has acceptable reliability for the analysis of safety resilience in the chemical industry. Therefore, the analysis in the chemical industry can be considered an effective, necessary decision-making instrument for predicting and preventing dangers threatening the process, manpower, and nature of the chemical industry.

This paper explores the intersection of trauma, memory, and identity through the lens of resilience. Here we take resilience in its multiple, even conflicting meanings and resonances – encompassing continuity, persistence, and adaptation. Through the case studies of centenary commemorations in Armenia and Ireland and Northern Ireland, we highlight the ways in which the memory of traumatic historical events both reproduces and challenges dominant narratives of identity. The resilience of memory – its ability to adapt and evolve even as it lays claim to continuity – marks commemoration as a form of haunting, a return with difference that always disrupts the very borders it is deployed to secure. By focusing on resilience understood as the counter-memory that challenges the silencing and overshadowing of mainstream memory, we conclude that it manifests differently in such different cases, and find a surprising point of similarity: the resilience of memory is that it remains. Regardless...

Resumen En este artículo se analizan las implicaciones de la promoción de recursos protectores por medio de la familia y la escuela en estudiantes mayas yucatecos migrantes, debido a que se desenvuelven en condiciones de pobreza, marginación social, violencia escolar, embarazos no deseados y consumo de alcohol y tabaco, que en ocasiones les conducen a deserción escolar, lo que incrementa su situación de adversidad en la que se encuentran. De aquí la relevancia de promover en estos estudiantes, mientras permanecen en la escuela secundaria, capacidades resilientes y recursos personales cuyo propósito sea mejorar su adaptación positiva al centro escolar y en consecuencia, su propia situación personal y familiar. abstract This paper analyzes the implications of promoting protective resources through family and school in Yucatec Maya migrant students. They operate in conditions of poverty, social exclusion, school violence, unwanted pregnancies and alcohol and tobacco addiction that some...

Contents:
1. Setting the Scene
a. The Impact of Rutter
2. Preschool Quality and Resilience
3. Looking Beyond Preschool:
a. resilience fostered by primary schools
b. resilience effects within children born premature
c. one potential biopsychosocial mechanism

Millions of people in Bangladesh suffer from hunger, unpredictable and unstable livelihoods, precarious living conditions, and social injustice. Yet they survive and become resilient. However, the resilience achieved by the poor is minimal and incremental and does not result in their well-being. Based on three years of qualitative research, this article attempts to understand the nature of and pathways to ‘resilience of the poor people'. The article argues that poor people's approach to ‘resilience’ is twofold. First, they perceive their poverty and associated problems as ‘Allah's will', with not much to be done about it. At the same time, they engage in continuous innovative practices to survive. These two worldviews together ('fatalism’ and ‘self-help') make the poor ‘resilient'. This also ‘partially’ explains the absence of strong activism, collective action and protests within a context of state failure (in terms of ensuring rights and entitlements to its citizens).

The relationship between species and functional diversity remains poorly understood for nearly all ecosystem types, yet determining this relationship is critically important for developing both a mechanistic understanding of community assembly and appropriate expectations and approaches to protecting and restoring biological communities. Here we use two distinct data sets, one from kelp forests in the Channel Islands, California, and one from a global synthesis of marine reserves, to directly test how ...

International research has evidenced the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families, and the key role played by parenting stress levels. Although significant associations with parents' past trauma and resilience have been shown, this study aimed to explore their complex interplay on the relationship between parents' peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19, parenting stress, and children's psychopathological difficulties. We recruited 353 parents with children aged two to 16 years via an online survey during the Italian second wave of COVID-19. Parents' peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19, parenting stress, past trauma and resilience, and children's psychological difficulties were assessed through self-report and report-form questionnaires. Parents' past traumas significantly predicted peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19 and children's psychological difficulties. The relationship between past traumas and children's psychological dif...

In 1922, the Commonwealth Bank opened in Cairns, North Queensland, on the corner of Abbott and Spence Street, not far from the Esplanade and the waters of the Trinity Inlet. A single-story timber building, “bolted together” and pinned to the ground by sunken concrete piers, the structure was described in the local press as “cyclone proof” and the strongest timber building in Australia. Cooled by fifty exhaust vents and simplex windows, the banking chamber also met the requirements of its tropical context and was described as an “ideal office interior” in which the “health and fitness of the staff have been considered in all essentials from first class sanitation to an up-to-date ventilation system.”

In this paper the entanglement of comfort—the health and fitness of the bank’s workers, both physical and psychological—with the bank’s design—both tropical and cyclone proof—will be examined. I will argue that the Commonwealth Bank was an early example of a commercial building designed to respond to tropical cyclones, a common occurrence in Northern Australia, but one which had little impact on the planning and construction of buildings at this time. While the bank was built to replace an earlier, smaller building inadequate to the institution’s needs, it was also a direct response to a catastrophic cyclone—the strongest on record—which hit Cairns and surrounding districts on February 2, 1920. Devastating the city and neighboring towns, the cyclone produced a significant storm surge, described in the press as a “tidal wave,” that inundated the city’s central business district, including Abbott Street, where the bank building was located. The structural properties and technical innovations of the new building effectively addressed the anxieties that this event, and subsequent cyclone seasons, would continue to evoke.

It will also be argued that the bank building and its widely publicized innovations were part of a larger campaign by the institution (and other northern businesses) to attract staff from the cooler southern parts of Australia (Brisbane, Sydney, and Melbourne), and particularly men (managers and accountants) with wives and children. Promising both safety and comfort for its workers and their families, the bank, it will be argued, also sought to counter the popular conviction that Northern Australia was not suitable for settlement and must remain empty and unproductive. This was achieved by the banking corporation through the national promotion of the lifestyles (and especially sporting activities) of the bank workers, the climatic suitability of the bank buildings, and the technical innovations that ensured it was “cyclone proof.”

The framework outlines three tiers of resilience which enable stakeholders to assess and improve their system’s resilience throughout its lifecycle:

Top level: The stages of resilience, which represent different times in a system’s lifecycle and different means of evaluating and executing resilience.
Middle level: The core functions of resilience, which span across the time stages.
Lower level: The process steps that correspond to implementing practices for resilience in each of the core functions.
While the concept of resiliency is not new, its application to the electric grid is neither standardized nor well-defined, and there is little to no guidance on how to evaluate resilience specifically for distributed wind systems. This paper provides a framework for evaluating the resilience of any electric energy delivery system, and provides a detailed example centered on distributed wind. Because different assets can operate in a variety of applications and at different scales, there is no one-size-fits-all approach for evaluating resiliency.