Social Geography

There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life.

Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.

The latest encampments in public spaces, such as Occupy Wall Street, Taksim Square and Syntagma Square, have highlighted the significance of public space in shaping social, economic and political struggles around the world. In this paper, drawing on a qualitative study of Syntagma Square in Athens, Greece, we confirm that spontaneous, self-organised movements, such the Aganaktismenoi (Indignant) movement, could function as intermediaries between protest and resistance, leading to the institution of urban practices of commoning. We argue that the innovative attributes of such movements inspire and trigger the introduction of new decision-making mechanisms, social relationships and political subjectivities and the institution of solidarity and collective forms of social reproduction. We conclude that these initiatives constitute a radicalization of political struggles and have a positive effect both in terms of increased civic participation and the emergence of new collective identities and political subjectivities.

Over the past two decades capitalism and globalization have gradually changed skin. Both have undergone an acceleration that has radically changed their nature and their rules, resulting in a new scenario of the economic geography at the global and the local scale. The crisis started in 2007, first financial and then economic, has inserted in the context of these changes, even producing the emergence of new actors on the international scene and the relative decline of the traditional areas of development. This scenario is the product of a complex web of ideas, actors, networks, technologies and agreements that the volume attempts to analyze in the most significant components.

Este libro plantea una síntesis de uno de los temas metodológicos que más desarrollo ha conocido en la Arqueología de los últimos treinta años. Desde que en la década de los 1960 la disciplina arqueológica superase definitivamente el esquema que mantenía al artefacto como objetivo epistemológico principal y a la excavación como único vehículo capaz de alcanzarlo, las teorías, métodos y técnicas de reconocimiento y análisis territorial se han expandido de una forma acelerada. Ello ha creado un ámbito de estudio y práctica profesional de la Arqueología, del cual, a pesar de su pujanza y de la diversidad y complejidad de procedimientos técnicos y nociones teóricas que aparecen implicadas, todavía no se había realizado una verdadera síntesis en lengua española. Este manual ofrece a los jóvenes estudiantes y practicantes de la Arqueología actual un tratamiento riguroso, pero accesible, de los principios aplicados tanto en la detección y caracterización de sitios arqueológicos en el territorio actual (prospección de superficie, prospección geofísica, empleo de imágenes captadas por plataformas aéreas y espaciales, cartografía arqueológica), como en la interpretación de las pautas de aprovechamiento, organización y percepción del territorio que se dieron entre las sociedades del Pasado.

– The article is a response to Matoušek's mistreatment of my previous article. I highlight his key misinterpretations of my text and the most striking cases of logical incoherence. Three issues are elaborated upon: (i) the problems with combining epistemologi-cal positions, (ii) the role of methodological inspiration, and (iii) the significance of theory testing for the health of the discipline. The main conclusion is that Matoušek's alternative would be far more exclusive than it pretends to be. In fact, seen from the perspective of the discipline as a whole, my conflictual multi-polar alternative is much more benevolent than the so-called inclusive alternative. KEY WORDS: geography – epistemology – standards – misinterpretation Když jsem před více jak rokem psal příspěvek do informací ČGS (Kofroň 2012a), doufal jsem, že bude čten, diskutován a napadán, a že tak poskytne platformu pro kritické zamyšlení se nad stavem geografie. Proto vítám Matouš-kovu (2013) nesouhlasnou reakci. Domnívám se však, že jeho textem prostupují argumentační protimluvy a misinterpretace mého článku. Níže reaguji na tři nejproblematičtější části textu, které, jak doufám, nesou širší význam a jejichž diskuze může vyjasnit problematiku a případně podnítit další debatu. Jedná se o: (i) Možnost kombinovat epistemologické přístupy ve výzkumu. Jelikož nebylo řečeno, jak tyto kombinace provádět, ukáži, proč to (tak jednoduše) nejde. (ii) Význam metodologie. Jsem přesvědčen, že Matoušek jednak dezin-terpretoval můj text, především však jeho pozici považuji za vnitřně nekohe-rentní. (iii) Otázku teorií, jejich hodnocení a standardů pro geografii. Chce-li někdo opustit testování teorií, měl by jasně říci, jakou alternativu nabízí a jaké následky z toho plynou. 1. Epistemologie kombinovatelné, aneb dva falešné sny o inkluzi Oponent nabízí lákavou představu inkluzivní geografie kombinující a synteti-zující různé epistemologické a metodologické přístupy. Obávám se však, že tato idylická vize obsahuje přinejmenším dva problémy: (i) Povede k zániku jakých-koliv standardů vědecké práce a (ii) přináší zárodky epistemologické hegemonie. Než přistoupím k argumentaci, musím zdůraznit, že je zavádějící podsouvat mi odmítnutí epistemologické syntézy/kombinace. Napsal jsem sice, že: " Každý by si měl být jistý, zda patří k těm, kteří chtějí dělat sociální vědu jako analogii přírodních věd (…), či k těm, kteří hledají inspiraci spíše v reflektivistických přístupech… " (Kofroň 2012a, s. 8), ale následující věta říkala, že: " Kombinace zde nejsou provždy zakázané, ale mělo by vždy být jasně řečeno, proč je taková kombinace přínosná, a případně jaká má úskalí " (tamtéž). Tuto větu Matoušek přehlédnul, a tak se místy střetával s fiktivním protivníkem. Netvrdil jsem, že promyšlená a precizně vyargumentovaná kombinace je nutně špatná, nýbrž že nahodilé míšení vytváří více problémů, než jich na první pohled řeší.

Ce projet de recherche interroge les interdépendances entre tourisme et patrimonialisation. La ville de Grenade en Andalousie (Espagne) est ici étudiée afin de comprendre d'une part l'impact de l'implantation des Airbnb sur l'évolution démographique des quartiers de la ville. D'autre part, une analyse iconographie est réalisée afin de comprendre l'impact des politiques patrimoniales sur l'image des quartiers du centre historique  que s'en font les touristes et les habitants

This paper is an overview of the shifts in the internal migration patterns in Romania for the last six decades. In the first part a literature-based brief overview of the trends and patterns of internal migration during communism will be presented. In the second (more extensive) part, a statistical-data based analysis of the internal migration trends and patterns over the last 25 years will be provided. The breakdown of the Romanian communist regime (in December 1989) was the beginning for a major change in the general demographic and socioeconomic context of the internal migration and regime of the Romanian internal migration control. In terms of the demographic context, the period of the communist regime was characterised by relatively high (though territorially significantly differentiated) fertility rates and overall population increase. In socioeconomic terms, industrialisation and the subsequent urbanisation give rise to a significant and dynamic context of migratory opportunities and subsequent flows of internal mobility. Nevertheless the migratory processes emerged in this particular demographic and socioeconomic context were to large extent controlled by the state, and, since external migration was very limited, occurring within the national territory. The means of internal migration control during communism During the communist period, the state closely controlled the labour market, and via economic investment policies and by various administrative procedures, not just stimulated but to some extent pointed the tracks for the internal mobility paths. Especially in the initial phase of the communist industrialisation process, major industrial settings were established in regions with existing infrastructure. Since these customarily were not located in regions with high fertility rates, substantial migratory movement from less developed to more prosperous regions were induced (Turnock 1970).

Simon Springer (Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Canada) contributes this short essay about his visit to Moscow and Domitrov. He organized a session titled “For Kropotkin” with Anthony Ince for the IGU Moscow Regional Conference and made a trip to the Kropotkin museum in Dmitrov.

Spatial variation in the demographic and socio-economic aspect is a common phenomena, which has been well analized in geography. Geographers has always tried to reach the root of the actual event and reason behind it.In this paper an instance is given of the Barasat Municipality, which contains thirty two wards among these, ninteen wards contain slam population. There are spatial  variation in demographic and socioeconomic aspects among the nineteen wards.These wards have unique and highly variable demographic and socio-economic parameters like population distribution, distribution of infant population, sex composition, caste composition, level of literacy, work perticipation ratio etc.

Long-distance commuting (also called fly-in/fly-out or FIFO) is a system of labour-force provision for industrial operations in remote regions; e. g., at oil and gas extraction sites in the Russian Arctic. Employees  commute on a rotational shift basis of 14 days in and 14 days out (14/14) or on a 30/30 roster. This chapter is based on longterm ethnographic research in the northwestern Siberian Arctic. The theoretical considerations relate to coping strategies for the two main constraints inherent to this way of life: the separation of meaningful social spheres (home and on duty) and the ascription of deviance to this lifestyle. People who cope well with this multilocal and mobile way of life pursue two strategies: (1) the conscious integration of space through the simultaneous connecting and separation of the spheres in order to constitute an integrated, enlarged and meaningful social and geographical space and (2) a flexible process of normalisation which turns the ascription of deviance into potential.

http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0156-09764

The aim of the paper is to facilitate a theoretical approach of crowd management as research topic in social geography and spatial planning. The planning and realization of mass events are challenging, especially in regard to safety and security issues. The branch of event safety is about to professionalize, although the topic of crowd management has not gained much interest in German academic discourses yet. Mass events need to be understood as interdisciplinary projects at the intersection between social psychology, spatial planning, and risk management. The paper develops a holistic notion of crowd management. On the basis of Canetti's phenomenology of masses a theoretical framework for the social geographical understanding of the social psychology of space is proposed and further developed.

... 2005; Geis 2005; Greiffenhagen and Neller 2005, for a research overview see Vetter 2007 ... a public community,'Stadtumbau Ost'cannot be afforded,”(vhw 2003: 67; own translation). ... for Urban Development (Senatsverwaltung f€ ur Stadtentwicklung) and the housing corpora-tion. ...

The area of Notting Hill in west London has been subject to much media coverage in recent years, which, along with substantial gentrification, has given rise to an image of the area as the epitome of fashionable London. This study investigates the views of those marginal to gentrification and mediated representation on their feelings about the local area, its image and their changing neighbourhoods. Many participants in the research resented some of the more recent changes in Notting Hill and the area's representation in the media. However, in contrast to expectations, most of the more working-class respondents involved in the research did not articulate much emotional attachment to the area. They were more concerned with what might be termed the material aspects of life in Notting Hill: convenience, facilities, safety and so on. In contrast, the more middle-class respondents frequently spoke of their regret of the changes to the area, such as the loss of independent shops, and the reduction in diversity. Paradoxically, the loss of working-class landscapes seems a relatively middle-class worry. The symbolically important landscapes described by working-class respondents were related to more immediate, material issues, in which gentrification was only a relatively minor concern.

Ces dernières années, Notting Hill, quartier de l'ouest de Londres, a souvent été sous les feux des médias qui, parallèlement à un net embourgeoisement, ont fait naître une image symbolisant le Londres à la mode. Cette étude s'intéresse à l'opinion des marginaux de cet embourgeoisement et de cette représentation médiatisée, et à leurs sentiments à l'égard du quartier, de son image et de l'évolution de leur voisinage. Certains des changements les plus récents de Notting Hill et l'image du quartier donnée par les médias ont déplu à de nombreux participants à l'étude. Toutefois, contre toute attente, la plupart des interviewés appartenant à la classe ouvrière n'ont pas formulé d'attachement affectif particulier au quartier. Ils se souciaient davantage de ce qu'on pourrait appeler les aspects matériels de la vie à Notting Hill: confort, services, sécurité, etc. En revanche, les sondés des classes plus moyennes ont souvent évoqué leur regret vis-à-vis des changements locaux, comme la disparition des petits commerces et la réduction de la diversité; paradoxalement, la suppression des paysages ouvriers semble un souci des classes plutôt moyennes. Pour les personnes interrogées dans les classes ouvrières, les paysages importants au plan symbolique étaient associés aux questions matérielles directes, parmi lesquelles l'embourgeoisement n'était qu'une préoccupation relativement mineure.

As one of the transit countries in Europe, Hungary plays a significant role both in the eastwest and north-south passenger traffic of the continent. Approximately one-third of foreigners (14 million) arriving yearly in Hungary travel through the country. A turnover like this can generate changes at the micro level in the everyday life of affected settlements and have social, economic, and physical impacts. In order to examine this, it is important to identify settlements involved in transit. The study introduces methodological approaches that can be applied to outline the crystallising points of transit tourism in Hungary. With the help of GISbased delineation and the logit model the settlements involved in transit have been identified. The study concluded that settlements involved in transit traffic (1) are located at the intersections of roads enabling the shortest travel time between different border sections, (2) possess a motorway junction, and (3) are situated at the intersect...

This article explores exclusion and sense of displacement through the austerity experiences of young adults in Ballymun, a disadvantaged urban neighbourhood in Dublin, Ireland. Such youth encountered exclusion on the labour market, urban housing, and support services. As austerity intensified urban exclusion, youth's affective relations with their neighbourhood, their city, and the state transformed. Using the concept 'at-homeness', it is argued that reduced income and funding for social services resulted locally in a partial 'sense of displacement'. Nationally, the class character of austerity reduced sense of belonging as youth felt betrayed and unfairly treated. It is argued that social, economic and political developments affect at-homeness, and that reduced sense of belonging induced by austerity can lead to a sense of displacement, not through physical movement, but by estrangement from the places one inhabits through processes of abandonment. Therefore, sense of displacement is expanded beyond gentrification as it can emerge from socioeconomic transformations in a more-or-less stable physical and demographic environment.

Published by: New York: Guilford Press, ISBN: 1-57230-050-7 620pp. Price £19.95. The words of one pre-publication reviewer, reprinted on the back cover, praise this book for its timeliness. Timelessness, however, might be closer to the mark. Spatial Behavior has a considerable pedigree, maintaining continuity with thèenvironmental perception' or`cognitive or`cognitive-behavioural' movement that developed in geographical research in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Based on the notion that actions are mediated by cognitive processes (the mental processes by which people, acquire, organise and use knowledge), cognitive-behaviouralism briefly provided common ground for geographers with widely-varying philosophies and outlooks. Textbooks appeared that brought together within a common programme topics as diverse as natural hazards, shopping choice, landscape preferences, environmental stress, cosmology and territoriality. Yet the movement and its consensus proved short-lived. Tensions between humanistic and positivist orientations and, in particular, the rise of a new cultural agenda meant that cognitive-behaviouralism's vitality as an active forum for research had ebbed away by the mid-1980s, leaving only a small band of committed adherents. Reginald Golledge, one of the authors of the text under review here, is undoubtedly the most distinguished among their number. Spatial Behavior is anùpdate and revision' of Analytical Behavioral Geography, a book that he and Robert Stimson published a decade earlier (Golledge and Stimson, 1987). It retains its predecessor's emphasis on what is termed a `scientific/analytic' approach along with broad similarity in underlying structure. Its 15 chapters cover decision-making and choice behaviour at all scales from individual to corporate and state, although, as ever, the links between micro-and macro-scale decision-making processes are difficult to pinpoint with any accuracy. In the early chapters, the authors present conceptual material, tracing the development of behaviouralist research in geography and presenting innumerable schemata of the decision-making process in the familiar form of systems diagrams. Ensuing chapters deal in turn with acquiring spatial knowledge; perceptions, attitudes and risk; spatial cognition and cognitive maps; analysis of activity patterns in time and space; and travel and retail consumer behaviour. Understandably in view of the origins of the initial research, most of the empirical findings and case-studies have a strong North American bias. After a chapter somewhat awkwardly considering landscape preferences and the language of space alongside attachment to place, the authors deal with migration behaviour and residential mobility. Finally, brief mention of the idea of`Othernessof`Otherness', a key theme in recent cultural geography, leads into discussion of issues involving two segments of the population with distinctive characteristics-the disabled and the elderly. Throughout, this book follows the accepted model for an American undergraduate course text. Most pages contain a text-breaking device, whether diagram, table or subheading. The contents are broken up into lecture-sized bites, with individual chapters generally having useful

The article
deals with the question “Where should Czech geography go?”. Its main objective is to challenge
the fragmented postmodern alternative. Instead of following postmodern Anglo-Saxon
geography with its fragmentation and political activism, I propose a conflicting multi-polar
shift with several epistemological positions. A more dominant focus on theory building and
testing is perceived as a pathway to the integrative structuration of the field and also as the
pathway to more intensive and productive contacts with practice.

The formation of social geography in Poland should be considered with reference to internal and external determinants of its development. Contemporary research problems, the treatment of research methodologies and theoretical concepts are undoubtedly closely related to the models stemming from the Anglo-Saxon geography. However, it is worth noting that while social geography abroad is part of extensive ideological and evaluative discussions, Polish social geography represents the behavioural trend under string influence of neo-scientistic methodology, which is caused by both the cognitive conservatism of the researchers and the prevailing social structure of Polish scientific community. The existing consensus based on models accepted in early 1980s and motivated by concession (selective) access to information is still hard to overcome. The dominance of quantitative methods and the lack of a broader theoretical (philosophical) reflection maintain mental clichés cause the research pro...

A number of people have claimed that the ongoing financial crisis has revealed the problems with neoliberal thought and neoliberal policies in the 'Atlantic Heartland'. However, if we look at the history of the 'Heartland' economies then it becomes evident that they were never neoliberal in the first place - that is, the economic policies and discourses in these countries did not follow neoliberal prescriptions. /We Have Never Been Neoliberal/ explores this divergence between neoliberal theory and 'neoliberal' practice by focusing on the underlying contradictions in monetarism, private monopolies, and financialization. The book finishes by proposing a 'manifesto for a doomed youth' in which it argues that younger generations should refuse to pay interest on anything in order to avoid the trap of debt-driven living.

This article discusses how utopian and anti-utopian literatures offer alternate visions to find connecting links between the control of space, power and happiness. The focus is on three classics of utopian and dystopian literatures: Thomas More's Utopia (1516), Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932), and George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Through the analysis of these works it is pondered how utopian and anti-utopian societies offer freedom or restrict inhabitants moving and acting in their worlds, and how this is portrayed as a means to measure the quality of life. The article contributes to socially critical literary geography by envisioning various options to imagine the relationship of space and power. The starting presumption in the article is that both utopian and anti-utopian imaginations suggest that freedom to use space is a key factor when defining human happiness.

The large scale development projects like dams have been justified for a greater economic benefit of the nation. However, the development projects have become synonymous with land acquisition leading to dispossession and forced migration of a large number of people and their involuntary resettlement. Unfortunately, too much focus on the economic benefits of such large scale projects has omitted many relevant tangible and intangible socio-cultural aspects and ignored the impacts of development policies that shape forced migrations. The present paper asserts to move beyond the 'limited' economic analysis of large projects and includes the critical social and cultural implications of forced migration and displacement. The paper presents views of respondents displaced from the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra and were resettled in Gujarat. Perhaps, it is the most unique aspect of this paper to understand the socio-cultural adjustment in context of the spatial origin. The resettlement caused by the Sardar Sarovar Project has led to a change in dress patterns and marriage customs, loss of tribal folk art, destroyed the existing social networks and hindered access to new ones. Increased violence against women, problem of drunkenness and bootlegging at the resettlement sites are also highlighted. The insights in the work are based upon the fieldwork in select resettlement sites in Gujarat. The author adopted participant observation, focus group discussions and key informant interviews as a means for data collection and better comprehension of the study area.

This paper explores the ways in which social space is produced through the development of horizontal power relations in public spaces that function as fields of conflict. Through a six month long ethnographic study, it focuses on the production of exclusionary territories and their contestation by collective and individual non institutional actors through the production of inclusionary counter-territories in two public spaces in central Athens (Greece), namely, Exarcheia and Agios Panteleimonas Squares. Key findings include (1) the decisive role of everyday unintentional, non-collective productions of space which are in both sites difficult to be overturned, even through collective action, (2) the differentiated characteristics of conflicts developed over and in public space and their influence on collective claims for control, and (3) indications that power relations in urban public space enclose and are built upon contrasting practices and territories that can only be traced and analyzed
at the level of everyday life.

This course introduces students to social and cultural approaches to space and spatiality. It explores how cultural geography can open up understandings of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other modes of social difference and power. The course critically engages a number of key concepts in leading intellectual debates about place, power, and difference. It will help students develop an awareness of how processes of identity and community formation are inherently spatial. Roughly the first half of the course is focused on introducing core concepts. The second half examines the salience of those concept in understanding the politics of difference at various intertwined geographical scales from the body to the globe. Through this investigation, we will see how cultural geographical insights contribute to broader debates on the politics of everyday life, globalization, nation formation, and urban change.

Until 1993 there were conducted first excavations in what promised to be the site of one of the most important buildings of Petra, the stunning capital of the Nabataean kingdom. Its construction, whose initiation century BC, several changes, reconstructions and landslides along its more than five hundred years of operation. But despite this still unknown for certain functions for which it was designed and that, regardless of the construction elements, materials have been located just still less inscriptions that shed some light on a mystery that will try here exhibit various theories that enable closer to resolution.

The coastal Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, Mexico – known locally as the Istmo – is regarded as one of the best wind energy generating sites in the world. Marketed as a preeminent solution to mitigating climate change, wind energy is now applying increasing pressure on indigenous groups in the region. The article begins by outlining a definition of colonialism that assists in identifying the temporal continuity of the colonial project to understand its relationship with wind energy development. The next section briefly reviews colonial genocide studies, discussing disciplinary debates between liberal and post-liberal genocide scholars, the relevance of self-management within colonial systems, the genocide-ecocide nexus and the ‘intent’ of destructive development projects. This leads into reviewing the claims and findings that emerged from fieldwork in the Istmo, which is divided into the north and south to show the different, yet similar dynamics taking place in the region. Finally, the article concludes that wind energy development as a ‘solution’ to climate change not only distracts from its dependence on fossil fuels and mining, but renews and continues a slow industrial genocide, assimilating and targeting (indigenous) people who continue to value their land, sea and cultural relationships.

L’appel à communication de la Journée jeunes chercheurs du laboratoire MIGRINTER de juin 2014 m’a donné l’occasion d’élaborer un poster scientifique afin de présenter une synthèse des résultats préliminaires de ma recherche en thèse, tout en ménageant lisibilité et esthétique qui sont les règles de ce type d’exercice. Il m’a aussi permis de clarifier mon positionnement, tant pour ce qui concerne ma discipline (la géographie
sociale et politique) que du point de vue méthodologique et technique : il s’agissait de penser « en grand », pour un format de quatre-vingt centimètres sur cent, tout en donnant la priorité à une présentation visuelle des données.

This paper sets out to understand the Monga vulnerability in Rangpur region of northwest Bangladesh from the perspective
of affected households. The local term ‘Monga’ means a famine-like situation and it has caught public interest recently.
Based on empirical evidence from five villages in the Rangpur region using different qualitative methods, the findings
highlight that the Monga predisposes the households to multi-sphere experiences of hunger and poverty. It is not just one
consequence of income poverty; rather, the social and livelihood mechanisms of poor households are dysfunctional,
multiply rooted in their entitlements, capabilities, their ways of living, and the negotiations they have with the complex
network of institutions that affect households both singly and synergistically.