Oral history

Harold Coward's Fifty Years of Religious Studies in Canada (2014) would seem to provide the long awaited concluding installment to the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion (CCSR)-sponsored and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)-funded State-of-the-Art Review of the academic study of religion in Canada that began in the early 1980s. Under his general editorship, the series set out to provide a history, description, and comprehensive analysis of Religious Studies as conceived and practiced in its Canadian context. 1 Although all the volumes certainly provided exhaustive and detailed, if now largely out of date, accounts of specific regions, missing was a synthetic and comparative overview to pull them all together. 2 Such a volume would ideally serve as a prolegomenon to writing a national history of the field that could, among other things, note trans-regional themes, document common trends, and so on. That Coward's volume is written as a memoir, however, means that that overview continues to remain a scholarly desideratum. In what follows I wish to reflect on some of the possibilities and problems inherent to the series with an eye toward writing a proper history of the academic study of religion in Canada. 3 Any attempt to write this history has to take into account at least two factors. The first is regionalism (which includes bilingualism) and the second is the general proximity to the United States. Let me take up each of these in turn. Regionalism Canada, as should be clear from even the quickest glances at a globe or map, is a huge country, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean,

This article addresses some of the opportunities and challenges the Afro-Caribbean American author faced whilst researching Afro-Caribbeans in Britain. Despite perceptual insiderness as an Afro-Caribbean person, the author’s positionality had multiple dimensions, often shifting within complex identity-related contexts. These ideas and concepts will be illuminated through analysing the complexity of transnationalism, class and transcendental identity as they intertwined whilst an oral history project progressed. Positionality is rarely totally binary and this article provides some insight into how perceptions of insiderness and outsiderness can influence oral history in terms of interviewing, analysis and dissemination.

The objective of implementing newer techniques in dentistry is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional ones. Dentistry, being a dynamic field, is always on the lookout for innovative techniques, and embracing newer technology has indeed improved patient care in many ways. Lasersare being used as an adjunct or alternative tool to conventional dental procedures. Many dental disciplines such as oral surgery, oral medicine, periodontics, paediatric dentistry, implantology, and operative dentistry have benefitted from the use of laser technology. Lasers have become an invaluable tool in many procedures, including caries removal, caries decontamination, caries prevention, cavity preparation, soft tissue surgeries, root canal decontamination, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, to name a few. Laser treatment in dentistry can be quicker and more efficient. Other benefits would include markedly less pain, lack of bleeding, minimal need of anaesthesia and reduced postoperative discomfort. Also, patients may be able to resume
their daily activities shortly after the treatment is rendered, owing to faster healing. However, the caveat would be that adequate training is a mandatory prerequisite before handling patients with these powerful instruments.

This article focuses on the precariousness of everyday life of half-Jews during the Nazi-regime in Vienna. Marriages between Jews and non-Jews as well as the presence of their half-Jewish children represented an antagonism that was a permanent threat to the integrity of the Nazi regime. According to the Nuremberg Laws, half-Jews were either defined as Mischlinge of the first degree or as Geltungsjuden, depending on their denomination. Even though they were in most cases exempt from deportation, the plans to include them in the Final solution were never fully given up. Particularly during the last years of the war – after the majority of the Austrian Jewish population had been deported – the protection of half-Jews became more precarious and even trivial infractions against Nazi laws could lead to imprisonment and deportation.

NATIVE MESSENGERS OF GOD IN CANADA?:
A TEST CASE FOR BAHA’I UNIVERSALISM (1996)

*** Christopher Buck, “Native Messengers of God in Canada?: A Test Case for Baha’i Universalism.” Baha’i Studies Review 6 (1996): 97–133.

*** Award for Excellence in Baha’i Studies. Association for Baha’i Studies, 1994.

EPILOGUE

Thereupon Tekanawitaˀ [Deganawida, the Peacemaker] stood up in the center of the gathering place, and then he said, “First I will answer what it means to say, ‘Now it is arriving, the Good Message.’ This indeed, is what it means: When it stops, the slaughter of your own people who live here on earth, then everywhere peace will come about, by day and also by night, and it will come about that as one travels around, everyone will be related. …

Now again, secondly, I say, ‘Now it is arriving, the power,’ and this means that the different nations, all the nations, will become just a single one, and the Great Law will come into being, so that now all will be related to each other, and there will come to be just a single family, and in the future, in days to come, this family will continue on.

Now in turn, the other, my third saying, ‘Now it is arriving, the Peace,’ this means that everyone will become related, men and also women, and also the young people and the children, and when all are relatives, every nation, then there will be peace as they roam about by day and also by night. …

Then there will be truthfulness, and they will uphold hope and charity, so that it is peace that will unite all the people, indeed, it will be as though they have but one mind, and they are a single person with only one body and one head and one life, which means that there will be unity.” …

When they are functioning, the Good Message and also the Power and the Peace, moreover, these will be the principal things everybody will live by; these will be the great values among the people.”

– Chief John Arthur Gibson, Concerning the League: The Iroquois League as Dictated in Onondaga, newly elicited, edited and translated by Hanni Woodbury in Collaboration with Reg Henry and Harry Webster on the Basis of A.A. Goldenweiser’s Manuscript. Memoir 9 (Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1992): 36–41. 

ABSTRACT

Academic and popular interest has lent prestige to native spirituality and has brought it into prominence. The United Nations proclamation of 1993 as the International Year of Indigenous People gave native peoples international recognition. A corresponding interest in native culture has “valorised” (brought respect to) native spirituality.

The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Canada took a position of advocacy on behalf of First Nations Canadians in its formal submission to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples in the fall of 1993. The strong native presence in Canadian Bahá’í community life raises the question of the place of native spirituality within a Bahá’í worldview.

Homefront “pioneers” have extended Bahá’í universalism to a recognition of the richness and authenticity of native cultural values. Such recognition has been supported by local Bahá’í policy, as attested in teaching pamphlets addressed to native peoples, in which the concept of First World messengers of God has been validated. Although theoretically acknowledged, explicit recognition of native messengers of God has yet to be formalised in Bahá’í doctrine.

This study discusses the possibilities of incorporating the principle of “Messengers of God to Indigenous Peoples” within formal Bahá’í doctrine, reflecting a development that has already taken place in popular Bahá’í belief in the North American context. A hitherto under-studied Persian text of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá establishes the principle in such a way that its explicit enunciation is now possible.

The problem of historical attestation remains. The prophetic credentials of Iroquois culture hero and statesman Deganawida are critically examined as a test case. The legend of Deganawida has a kernel of historicity overlaid by hagiography, with admitted Christian influence. Nonetheless, if the Bahá’í principle of “Progressive Revelation” can assimilate the Amerindian spiritual legacy as distinct from and developmentally asynchronous with Irano-Semitic and Sino-Indic religious histories, then it might be possible to accord Deganawida a provisional status with Bahá’í prophetology, and still affirm Bahá’u’lláh’s unific role in world history, as oral cultures take their place alongside the more familiar “literate” traditions.

https://www.academia.edu/36294314/_Native_Messengers_of_God_in_Canada_1996_

What exactly keeps women ‘in’ inequitable care relationships, and how do we get ‘out’? This dissertation offers a timely response to a pressing societal problem – that of how to understand and organize care. Feminist scholarship and debates focus on the redistribution of care, considering how to shift care responsibilities from women to men or from individuals to the state. My research expands this work by critically reflecting on (shifting) relationships between women and the care economy with a focus on the moral dimensions of care work and on the narrative, intrasubjective work that women do.

The research mobilizes sociological theories of care work, gender and moral worth, and uses feminist life history and arts-based, auto-ethnographic methods to contribute to a conceptual reimagining of “care.” Taking an interpretive, narrative, feminist approach, I draw on 20 in-depth life history interviews with 12 participants, as well as on my own autoethnographic experiences as a live-in care worker at L’Arche. I analyze how women narrate renegotiating care responsibilities or expectations across our lives and in different paid and unpaid care contexts in Ontario, Canada. Making links to class, gender and conditions in the caring economy, the project contextualizes women’s narratives of orienting to projects of care, negotiating moral dilemmas at the limits of care, and stepping back from or renegotiating care responsibilities.

The study enriches feminist theories of care by developing a theorized account of the “relational care economy” that makes intrasubjective conditions, and the contradictions that people negotiate, central. I also contribute to a conceptual reimagining of “care” both by raising questions about whether “care as an ethic” should apply at the level of individual women’s lives, as well as by calling for a conception of care that makes limits central. Aiming to foster solidarity amongst carers in different roles, I ask tough questions about what we expect of ourselves and others, how we can stop setting women up for such intimate losses, and how our lives can be otherwise.

There has been little academic consideration of the life, work and ideas of the BBC radio producer Charles Parker. Where he is remembered it is for his work on the prize-winning series known as the Radio Ballads. Beginning with ‘The Ballad of John Axon’ in 1958 the series addressed the lives and work of working-class people, and was one of the first programmes to use ‘actuality’ incorporating original, spontaneous testimonies. The author values Parker’s work as an expression of the mentalités of welfare-state Britain and that wider project evinced by his colleagues and collaborators that sought to challenge the circumscribed lineaments of class, culture, history, education and language. However, an appreciation of Parker and his role in the process of democratizing the cultural sphere also
lends itself to a critique of the assumptions behind categories such as class, authenticity and experience that proved to be so useful in this moment.

張一夫先生，本名張更照，山西省東南晉城縣人氏，出生於1930年陰曆6 月9 日。1943 年他逃離家鄉，遠赴晉西南加入國軍，參與抗日與剿共戰鬥。抗戰勝利未幾，國共內戰硝煙又起。1945 年10 月張一夫在上黨戰役中被俘，被編入中共太岳軍區汾東支隊，該部隊即「臨汾旅」的前身。作為司藥員，張一夫隨軍征戰晉南各地，參與了運城、臨汾、晉中和太原等重大戰役。1949 年夏季，他所在的解放軍六十軍一七九師南下西進，攻克西安、扶眉、咸陽、寶雞、秦嶺、廣元各地，最終於1949 年12 月底佔領成都。在隨後的剿匪戰鬥中，張一夫遠至四川西部的懋功。韓戰中他是「中國人民志願軍」的醫官，1951 年5 月戰役失利，被聯合國軍俘虜。1952 年4 月聯合國軍戰俘管理當局執行甄別以確定戰俘是否願意返回大陸，張一夫拒絕遣返，並終於1954 年1月與一萬四千多名「反共義士」來到臺灣。他先後在反共義士戰鬥團和特種作戰總隊服務，也曾被秘密派遣出征滇緬邊區。1974 年以中校軍銜退役，通過退役軍醫執業考試，行醫至2013 年5 月。

This dissertation examines multiple scales of Indigenous history on the Northwest Coast from the disciplinary perspective of archaeology. I focus on cultural lifeways archaeologically represented in two key domains of human existence: food and settlement. The dissertation consists of six individual case studies that demonstrate the utility of applying multiple spatial and temporal scales to refine archaeological understanding of cultural and historical variability on the Northwest Coast over the Mid-to-Late Holocene (ca. 5,000-200 BP). The first of three regionally scaled analyses presents a coast-wide examination of fisheries data indicating that Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) exhibit a pervasive and previously under-recognized importance in Northwest Coast Indigenous subsistence practices. Next, I use zooarchaeological data from the southern British Columbia coast to identify a pattern of regional coherence in Coast Salish and Nuu-chah-nulth hunting traditions reflecting the scale of intergenerational cultural practice. The third study re-calibrates the settlement history of a small and historically significant locality in Coast Tsimshian territory (Prince Rupert Harbour) to clarify the temporal resolution of existing radiocarbon datasets and test inferences about social and political change. Following this regional exploration of scale, I document site-specific temporal variability in archaeological fisheries data from a Nuu-chah-nulth ‘big-house’ reflecting climatic and socio-economic change. I examine Indigenous oral histories and archaeological datasets to evaluate these parallel records of settlement in the neighbouring territory of an autonomous Nuu-chah-nulth polity before and during the occupation of a large defensive fortress. Finally, I demonstrate how everyday foodways are archaeologically expressed and reflect ecological differences and active management strategies within several spatially associated sites over millennial timescales. These linked case studies offer new clarity into long-standing debates concerning archaeologically relevant scales of cultural-historical variability on the NWC. They collectively demonstrate an enduring regional and temporal coherence for key aspects of Indigenous resource use and settlement and a historical dynamism at finer scales. I argue this has cultural, historical, and archaeological significance as well as relevance for contemporary understandings of the Northwest Coast environment. I conclude that a focus on the pervasive aspects of the everyday over millennia offers insight into individual actions across broader patterns of history.

Bu çalışmada, sözlü tarih görüşmeleriyle, Kağıthane'ye bağlı mahallelerin kuruluşları, kültürel özellikleri, sınıfsal yapıları, politik veçheleri ve yaşadıkları dönüşüm konu ediliyor. Saha araştırmalarında ve kitabın çeşitli bölümlerinin yazımında [kitap bölümleri arasında yer alan Kağıthane Belediyesi'nin yerel yönetim tarihi ile Sanayi ve çevresindeki mahallelerin yazımında] görev aldım.

The present study scrutinizes the outlawry and outlaws that appear in the Icelandic Family Sagas. It provides a thorough description about outlawry on the basis of extant law and saga texts as well as an analysis of referential connotations attached to it. The concept of outlawry was fundamental for the medieval Icelanders conceptions of their past. Indeed, understanding outlawry is essential for understanding many of the Family Sagas. Outlaws appear in saga texts in significant roles.

The Icelandic Family Sagas comprise a group of prose narratives that were written down in the 13th and 14th century Iceland. They are based on events and personae that belong to the 10th century Iceland. These narratives introduce many outlaws, out of which some 75 are named.

The Family Sagas are studied here as one corpus and special emphasis is given to those narrative features that repetitively appear in connection with outlawry and the outlaw characters. Therefore, the eventual objects of this study are the medieval Icelanders general conceptions of the historical outlawry as well as the variations of these conceptions throughout the period of saga writing. The medieval Icelanders general conceptions about the 10th 11th century, which are reflected in the Family Sagas, are here referred to as the Saga World. The Saga World is the historically based taleworld to which all of the Family Sagas refer.

The medieval law texts, which were derived from centuries old legislative traditions, reveal that outlawry meant banishing from the society and being denied all help, and that the outlawed person lost the protection of the law. In practice, outlawry was a death sentence.

However, outlaws occupy many differing roles in the saga narratives even in connection with recurrent narrative motifs. These roles reflect the social and spatial structures of the Saga World. The inspection of outlawry within these structures reveals that the definition of outlawry as it appears in the law texts is insufficient for understanding outlawry in the saga texts.

The social and spatial structures also provide a basis for the connotations of outlawry. In this study, these connotations are inspected primarily from the referential connections between outlawry in the Family Sagas and corresponding phenomena in other concurrent literature. This is done by studying the implementations of the basic elements of outlawry in the Family Sagas marginalization, banishing, rejection and solitariness within other literary genres and the taleworlds to which they refer. It is argued that these taleworlds reflect the same ideas that were associated with outlawry in the Family Sagas albeit in different forms and that these different forms reciprocally contributed to the conceptions of outlawry.

The variety of denotations and connotations of outlawry that is visible in the medieval Icelandic texts reflects the ambiguity of outlawry in the Family Sagas. This ambiguity may shed light to questions such as why an outlaw could be perceived as a hero in a literary genre that predominantly promoted law and order and why the same outlaw could be perceived as a villain on another occasion.

Oral literature is a social phenomenon. It grows and develops in the past and present societies. In the past, when the community was still in primary orality, oral literature must have colored all aspects of people’s lives. Because, in such a society, oral literature had blended with other socio-cultural activities. At the same time literary activities also constituted as activities of playing, having fun, or learning for children; puzzling, joking, complaining, expressing love and jealousy among teenagers; medical treatment, forest clearing for farming, expelling evil creatures who bother little children, proposing to marry a girl, selling and buying, and so on for the elderly.
Currently, oral literary activities are limited to certain activities. Pantun in the middle of Malay society still colors walimatul urusy or marriage events, although on that occasion, the pantuns are not spontaneously created but have been prepared in advance on a sheet of paper. The ensangan is still sung among the members of relatives in Sekadau, even though only the elderly listen to it. Kana is still being
performed in the middle of the Kapuas Dayak community in Melawi and its surrounding areas. Syair gulung or roll verses are still composed and read by young people in Ketapang and Kayung Utara. The various rhyme competitions, poetry reading, speaking, or folklore writing among young people organized by various institutions, should be then appreciated as an effort to preserve oral literature.
Oral literature is considered to contain relevant social, cultural values and local wisdom still to current development.
This book contains a collection of writings regarding oral literature in West Kalimantan, specifically relating to character and identity. Almost all of the writings in the book are “old works”, some of which have been presented in several seminar forums, that are quite a pity to be ignored. I consider these writings are still relevant to read, at least for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in studying oral literature in West Kalimantan. While studying modern literary theories such as Postcolonialism, Postmodernism, Ecocriticism, Feminism, Literary Cartographies, Adaptation Theory, Intermedial Arts, Intermedial Theater, Posthumanism, Spatiality, etc., they need to come down to earth to see oral-literary life in Kalimantan West; expressions of local residents who have contributed
to building and shaping the cultural mosaic of West Kalimantan in particular and Indonesia in general.
The oldest writing is «Oral Tradition (s) and Identity of West Kalimantan Society». This 11-year-old paper was originally written for Workshop on Ethnic Minorities in
Southeast Asia, ATMA, Bangi, Malaysia, in 2003. After that, it was corrected and then published in the Sari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Journal, Vol. 27 No. 1, 2008.
The next is ,”Borneo Island’s Traditional Shipping Technology: A Trace of West Kalimantan Community’s Oral Tradition”. This article was co-written by Dedy Ari Aspar and, it was once presented at the International Seminar on Nusantara Oral Literary Tradition in Wakatobi on 1-3 December 2008, organized by the Oral Traditions Association (ATL) carrying the theme of “Oral Tradition as Cultural Strength to Build Civilization. Then it was followed by “The Charms and Aesthetics of Malay Pantun from West Kalimantan, Indonesia.” This 10-year-old article was
published in the South Korean RISS Journal, Vol. 18 No. 1, 2009. The “Oral Literature, Local Wisdom and Sustainable Development” is the manuscript of an inauguration
speech for a professor of literature at Tanjungpura University was read out on May 11, 2009; all this time, the text of this speech has been circulated in a limited environment, namely among close friends. Next, there are four papers that talk about characters. First, “Malay Courtesy in West Kalimantan’s Rhyme” was presented at the Seminar on International Poetry of the Universiti Sains Malaysia (2010). Second, is “The Role of Malay Language in Character Building of a Nation.” This paper was originally presented at the National Seminar on “Nation Character Building” in Pontianak (2012), was published in the Journal of Jentera Vol. 3, No. 2 (2014). Third, is “Oral Literature, Soap Opera, and Character Formation.” This paper was originally presented in the International Seminar Oresentation to celebrate the 70 years of Prof. Dr. Siti Chamamah Soeratno (2015), which was later published in the book of Jejak Sastra dan Budaya (Literary and Cultural Traces) edited by Aprinus Salam, Henri Chambert-Loir, and M. Haji Salleh (2015). Fourth, is “Indonesian
Oral Literature: National Identity, National Character, and
Creative Economy Paper.” This paper was presented at the
International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, 8th-9th October 2019, UPM, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
The eight articles contained in this book are certainly unable to describe the phenomenon of oral literature in West Kalimantan as a whole. The treasures of oral literature in this region are so rich that other efforts are still required to spread information about them. Oral literature enthusiasts and researchers have great opportunities and challenges to gather oral literature—be it of Malay or Dayak—
in the eastern regions of West Kalimantan like Kapuas Hulu, Melawi, Sintang, and Sekadau; or, in the southern regions, like Ketapang and Sukadana. Nevertheless,
the eight articles referred to are expected to provide an initial description of oral literature and the identity of the people of West Kalimantan. This book could be published because of the encouragement and assistance from variousparties. Encouragement came from my students who had requested that my writings, which had been published in various scientific forums, could be collected and published
in one book for them to read. For a person like me who has never had a good discipline to collect and store my writings it would have been very difficult to meet their requirement. In reality, it has taken a long time to «unload there unload here»(gather thousand of pieces to make a complete one) so that this and the other manuscripts could be later published. For this reason, on this good opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to those who have assisted, Mr. Agus Syahrani, Mr. Dedy Ari Asfar, Mr. Gusti Iwan Saputra, and others that I cannot mention one by one here. Hopefully, they would be rewarded by God the Almighty.

ПАМЯТЬ ИЗ ПЛАМЕНИ
АФГАНИСТАНА
Интервью с воинами-интернационалистами
Афганской войны 1979–1989 годов.Данная книга является продолжением проекта «Афганская война 1979–1989 гг. глазами
очевидцев (Oral history)», реализованного международной группой исследователей из США,
Казахстана, Таджикистана и Узбекистана. Методология разработана руководителями проекта
Марлен Ларюэль, Ph.D (США-Франция) и Ботагоз Ракишевой, кандидатом социологических
наук (Казахстан). Основной задачей проекта был сбор информации об афганской войне у её
непосредственных участников для сохранения исторической памяти. Данная книга включает
сбор интервью методом «устная история» у воинов-интернационалистов, участников
войны в Афганистане. В Кыргызстане было проведено 21 интервью. Интервью в книге
даны в первозданном виде. В книге использованы фотографии и документы из частных
архивов воинов-интернационалистов. Организована выставка «Человек на войне» и снят
документальный фильм.
Авторы благодарят Институт «Открытое Общество», OSI (Open Society Foundation) за
возможность публикации книги.
Издание предназначено для широкого круга читателей.
В Казахстане проект был проведен Исследовательским институтом «Общественное
мнение» (Астана, Казахстан) и включал сбор интервью методом «Устная история» у воиновинтернационалистов, участников войны в Афганистане и подготовки документального
фильма. Всего было проведено 20 интервью в Узбекистане, 31 интервью в Таджикистане, 21
интервью в Казахстане.

Although some scholarship has discussed the argumentative tactics of Holocaust deniers and how they persuade some audiences to reject seemingly obvious factual events, no research has addressed how Holocaust survivors themselves confront this direct challenge to their lived experience. Using videotaped oral testimonies in the Shoah Foundation Institute’s Visual History Archive (the world’s largest such collection), this study examines how survivors meet the challenge of Holocaust denial in Germany and in the United States.
Close analysis of the argumentative tactics embedded in survivor testimony reveals that survivors craft narratives with richer dimensions than acknowledged in the twisted historiography of Holocaust denial. Survivors attest not only to the facticity of external events but also to affective memory, chronicling how they process and adapt to trauma. This affective dimension of testimony suggests that survivors’ narratives employ more complex layers of argumentation than simply claiming correspondence to particular historical incidents. [In press--upload coming soon!]

Това е откъс от дисертацията с минимум теория, за неспециализирано четене. Ударението е на етнографския материал и устната история за Женския пазар. Пълният текст също е на разположение в профила ми. This is a reduced version of the text for my PhD thesis, omitting most theory and emphasising the collected ethnographic and oral history material. (In Bulgarian.)

Transitional justice is a major concept in promoting peace and reconciliation between conflicting parties. It is usually associated with formal judicial processes such as criminal justice, rule-of law reform and paying reparations. This chapter focuses on another transitional justice method, a more informal one: memory work. There is a growing realization of the major impact on the way in which the history of a conflict is viewed by the members of parties involved on their psychological and behavioral reactions. Addressing that history properly can promote their well being, conflict resolution and reconciliation between the parties. There are many ways of addressing the relevant history, for example, through truth and reconciliation committees, the rewriting of history textbooks, and commemoration projects. This chapter focuses on another way: the role of the autobiographical memory, that of the people who experienced the conflict directly, as it is manifested in their memoirs, newspaper articles and interviews with scholars. To this end the chapter uses a case study approach, regarding the causes for the main historical event of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the 1948 Palestinian exodus. It explores for the first time the way in which Israeli-Jewish 1948 war veterans presented these causes between 1949 and 2004. The question posed was: did their autobiographical memory present a Zionist narrative (willing flight of the Palestinians) or a critical/post-Zionist narrative (willing flight combined with expulsion)? This exploration is based on an analysis of all published war veterans' memoirs and newspaper articles, as well as interviews with scholars, in the 56 year research period. During this study, interviews were also conducted with 1948 war veterans. Following the description of the empirical findings regarding the Israeli-Jewish autobiographical memory of the exodus, these findings are used to theoretically conceptualize various phenomena. For example, what determines the way in which direct-experience people describe their experiences during a conflict, how these people influence directly and indirectly the collective memory of their society of a given conflict, and the way in which they influence the dynamics of

Though Odysseus’ tales to Eumaios and Aninoos in Odyssey 14.199–359 and 17.417–44, respectively, are presented as fictional tales within Homer’s larger myth, some elements have striking analogs in Late Bronze–Early Iron Age reality.

This article examines these portions of the hero’s false ainoi within their fictive context for the purpose of identifying and evaluating those elements. Particular focus is given to Odysseus’ declaration that he led nine successful maritime raids prior to the Trojan War; to his twice–described ill–fated assault on Egypt; and to his claim not only to have been spared in the wake of that Egyptian raid, but to have spent a subsequent seven years in the land of the pharaohs, during which he gathered great wealth.

Through a comparative examination of literary and archaeological evidence from the Late Bronze–Early Iron transition in the Eastern Mediterranean, it is shown that these aspects of Odysseus’ stories are not only reflective of the historical reality surrounding the time in which the epic is set, but that Odysseus’ fictive experience is remarkably similar to that of one specific member of the ‘Sea Peoples’ groups best known from 19th and 20th dynasty Egyptian records: the ‘Sherden of the Sea.’

My scholarly interests place oral histories exploring the performance aspect of intellectual and educational identities within broader historical contexts to explore ways in which institutions and cultures impose identities. It does so with a particular eye to the role of standardized testing. Exploring these relationships is important because, motivated by a faith in their use as an accurate measure of educational quality, the number of K-12 students taking standardized tests in U.S. public schools is at an all-time high, as is enthusiasm for using standardized testing to assess educational quality, despite evidence that it narrows the definition of education to one that devalues critical thinking and knowledge creation in favor of more easily tested abilities related to skill-based job training. The results of such research are of interest to me as a writing teacher since testing and the preparation for it have a direct effect on how students define what qualifies as " good writing " and, by extension, the writing selves they bring to the classroom.

Anglo-Indians, a designation acquired in the 1911 Indian Census, had previously been known as Eurasians, East Indians, Indo-Britons and half-castes. ‘Anglo-Indian’ had previously denoted, and among some scholars continues to denote, Britons long resident in India. We will define Anglo-Indians as a particular mixed race Indo-European population arising out of the European trading and imperial presence in India, and one of several constructed categories by which transient Britons sought to demarcate racial difference within the Raj’s socio-racial hierarchy. Anglo-Indians were placed in an intermediary (and differentially remunerated) position between Indians and Domiciled Europeans (another category excluded from fully ‘white’ status), who in turn were placed below imported British superiors. The domiciled community (of Anglo-Indians and Domiciled Europeans, treated as a single socio-economic class by Britons) were relied upon as loyal buttressing agents of British rule who could be deployed to help run the Raj’s strategically sensitive transport and communication infrastructure, and who were made as a term of their service to serve in auxiliary military forces which could help to ensure the internal security of the Raj and respond to strikes, civil disobedience or crises arising from international conflict.

The thesis reveals how calls for Indianisation of state and railway employment by Indian nationalists in the assemblies inaugurated by the 1919 Government of India Act threatened, through opening up their reserved intermediary positions to competitive entry and examination by Indians, to undermine the economic base of domiciled employment. Anglo-Indian leaders responded with varying strategies. Foremost was the definition of Anglo-Indians as an Indian minority community which demanded political representation through successive phases of constitutional change and statutory safeguards for their existing employment. This study explores various strategies including: deployment of multiple identities; widespread racial passing by individuals and families; agricultural colonisation schemes; and calls for individual, familial or collective migration.

SUMMARY: Chapter 5, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past social organizations, including hunter-gatherer groups (bands), segmentary societies (tribal societies), chiefdoms, and early state complex societies, with approaches to assessing settlement patterns, interpreting pertinent historical data, ethnoarchaeology, various ways to examine the various types of past social organizations and their variants, and looking at individuals, identity and society, gender and childhood, and other aspects.  Two additional case studies highlighting social organization in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  REVISED: Feb. 2023.

I teach at a junior high school in a small, rural town. I teach a two year course of World History to sixth and seventh grade students. The research for this Action Research Project was completed with the participation of a group of seventh graders in March 2010.
I decided to rewrite the focus of one of my units of study in the seventh grade curriculum. I decided to pilot the unit on the Industrial Revolution as a result of the preparation I completed for the biography section of Chapter 1. I wanted to completely refocus this unit on the way the major social upheavals of this time effected the lives of ordinary people, focusing on social history rather than on the traditional, top-down examination of inventions and inventors. This approach was influenced by my own background and reading that I did by people like James Loewen
The data was collected in a couple of ways. These included students filling out surveys, which are discussed in Chapter 3. I also collected some anecdotal data and some work samples completed by students. I was interested to see whether such a focus would raise student engagement with the material covered. While I think that that happened on a perhaps visceral level, and the data leads me to that conclusion, the data did not necessarily show that when I looked at work completed by students.
The main thing that I learned was that this approach definitely increased my own personal and professional engagement with a topic area that I already loved. I also believe that some students made some meaningful connections with ordinary people who lived in historic times. I certainly intend to continue implementing this approach with other topic areas in future.

Background: One of the most challenging aspects of providing medical care is attending to patients who have been contaminated with hazardous materials. HAZMAT is a term used to describe incidents involving hazardous materials or specialized teams who deal with these incidents. Hazardous materials are defined as substances that have the potential to harm a person or the environment upon contact. These can be gases, liquids, or solids and include radioactive and chemical materials. Biological organisms, such as viruses and bacteria, are also included among hazardous materials. Hospitals are required to protect their employees from the exposure of these materials that may occur as a result of patient care. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals regarding Hazmat kit and its use in healthcare settings. Methods: A questionnaire comprising the KAP model's constructs, i.e. knowledge and attitude towards the use of Hazmat kit, as well as Hazmat kit practices, was used to collect data. The two constructs, knowledge and attitude, which are the main determinants of the KAP model were found to independently predict health care providers practices of managing hazardous spills. Knowledge of spill management was found to be the strongest predictor. Therefore, it is recommended that the hospitals and universities focus on the knowledge and attitude towards Hazmat kits in order to enhance their practices in hazardous spill management. Results: 750 members were chosen and were asked to participate in the survey, out of which only 161 responded. The rest denied due to lack of knowledge about it. 67.1% respondents were not aware of the Hazmat Kit and showed a favorable need of more strict policies towards safety for health care providers. They strongly recommended the need of conducting awareness through educational programs and emphasis on training be given to all health care professionals including the doctor, assistant, nurse and housekeeping staffs as well. 82.6% of the population believed that the difficulty in bringing this practice is due to lack of awareness despite other perceptions like the kit is expensive, consumes a lot of time, prefer disposing without kit. Though 94.4% of the population is currently not using Hazmat kits in their practice, 15.5% have positively responded towards its use. The respondent population consisted largely of Dental doctors, undergraduates and post graduates. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the knowledge and awareness towards the usage of HAZMAT kits is inadequate among dental professionals. Hence, they were lacking regarding the practices of HAZMAT kit in the profession. However, the population showed a positive attitude towards learning through educational programs which gives hope in the better management of HAZMAT incidence. There is a need for hospitals to participate in community disaster planning for HAZMAT incidents. Therefore, it is recommended that the hospitals and universities focus on conducting hazardous spill management programs to enhance the preparedness of management of such events.

Knygoje pateikiami liudijimai apie lietuvių dalyvavimą karuose, vykusiuose įvairiuose pasaulio regionuose. Dalis kariavo savo noru, nes tai buvo pragyvenimo šaltinis, bet kiti per prievartą ten pakliuvo ir buvo verčiami kariauti už kitų valstybių interesus.
Prisiminimai, laiškai ir straipsniai apima laikotarpį nuo JAV Nepriklausomybės kovų iki Napoleono Bonaparto užkariavimų iki Sovietų Sąjungos pradėto karo Afganistane.

"Celebrating Communities" by Jennifer L. Keil, 1st VP

We celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Lawrence de Graff Center for Oral and Public History in May. It was an occasion to recognize the pioneering work of university historian Larry de Graff and Arthur A. Hansen. I had the opportunity to participate in the oral history panel that included former students, narrators, and project directors. The session was titled, “Talking Back: 50 Years of Oral History” followed by “Open History: Public Project Past and Future.” CSU Fullerton university president, Framroze Virjee, provided welcoming remarks at the Golleher Alumni House.

JQRSS Qualitative Researcher Awards
Congratulations to the following researchers who have been recognised by the JQRSS Editorial Board for their outstanding research activities, scholarly conduct and valuable contribution to the journal.
Rachael Lear: Volume 1, Issue 1, (2007)
Lear, R. and Palmer, C. (2007) Is there life after playing football? Investigating the perspectives of football coaches at a club in the North West of England. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 1, 1, 19-32.
Paul Gow: Volume 2, Issue 1, (2008)
Gow, P. and Rookwood, J. (2008) Doing it for the team - examining the causes of contemporary English football hooliganism. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 2, 1, 71-82.
Keith McGregor: Volume 3, Issue 1, (2009)
McGregor, K. and Palmer, C. (2009) It’s not the falling I’m worried about it’s hitting the ground - investigating the fear of falling, comfort zones and camaraderie between extreme grade rock climbers. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 3, 1, 127-146.
Chris Hughes: Volume 4, Issue 1, (2010)
Hughes, C. and Palmer, C. (2010) Examining a coaching philosophy through ethnographic principles – Winter with Woolton. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 4, 1, 23-48.
Beki Price: Volume 5, Issue 1, (2011)
Price, B. and Varrall, S. (2011) Doing and representing qualitative research: a human perspective (Part 1: visual). Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 5, 1, 59-86.
Price, B. and Gilbourne, D. (2011) Doing and representing qualitative research: a human perspective (Part 2: textual). Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 5, 1, 87-100.
Sarah Nickless: Volume 6, Issue 1, (2012)
Nickless, S. and Palmer, C. (2012) Crawling through experience. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 6, 1, 1-12.
Joseph Pryle: Volume 7, Issue 1, (2013)
Pryle, J. and Palmer, C. (2013) Cricket provision in schools – is the system flawed? An ethnographic investigation. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 7, 1, 27-86.
Nicola Hamilton: Volume 8, Issue 1, (2014)
Hamilton, N. and Palmer, C. (2014) Learning to ride a bike-a qualitative study of cycling and the Bikeability programme. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 8, 1, 17-88.
Sheri Treadwell: Volume 9, Issue 1, (2015)
Sheri Treadwell and Jim Stiehl (2015) Advocating for change in rural Physical Education: a middle school perspective through Photovoice and student SHOWeD analysis. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 9, 1, 107-162.
James Edwards: Volume 10, Issue 1, (2016)
Edwards, J. and Palmer, C. (2016) Getting home. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 10, 1, 127-156.
David Grecic: Volume 11, Issue 1, (2017)
Grecic, D. (2017) Making sense of skill – a personal narrative of becoming more skilled at skill. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 11, 1, 33-48.
Carmen Byrne: Volume 12, Issue 1, (2018)
Byrne, C. and Palmer, C. (2018) Hero, heroine or outcast? A quest for understanding through critical dialogue: the Research Goddess and me. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 12, 1, 1-34.
Maksim Berdnikov: Volume 13, Issue 1, (2019)
Berdnikov, M. and Krieger, J. (2019) Education facilitators at youth mega-events: practical and methodological considerations. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 13, 1, 111-126.
Hazel Isaacs: Volume 14, Issue 1, (2020)
Isaacs, H. and Palmer, C. (2020) Let’s waste some time: an autoethnographic study of procrastination. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 14, 1, 1-48.
Susan Thomas: Volume 15, Issue 1, (2021)
Thomas, S. and Palmer, C. (2021) When nature and tech connect – a case for using Augmented Reality in the Outdoors. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 15, 1, 1-28.

This article aims at investigating some educational practices used in the classroom by former teachers through the oral statements of both teachers and students. The research carried out has centered on those who attended primary school in the Italian region of Le Marche from the 1930s to the early 1960s. The main topic of this research refers to corporal punishment, which was inflicted in Italy until the 1960s,
as described in this study. Taking into account the legislation at that time, it will be demonstrated that slapping, hitting with a stick and kneeling on chickpeas or corn were daily practices which did not provoke any reaction from the families. After explaining the methodology, with the compilation of oral statements –which make us encounter other serious problems– in the first part of the paper some excerpts of the
interviews with former students who attended school during the fascist period will be provided and the teachers’ educational practices will be analyzed on the basis of their memories. In the second part, the testimonies of former teachers will be presented and through the description of anecdotes and daily routines their point of view on
punishments will become quite clear.

Desde mitades de la década de 1980, una generación que había dado sus primeros pasos
durante el fin de la dictadura franquista llegará a adolescente y, parte de ella, empezará su
militancia en movimientos sociales y antagonistas. A través de un observatorio concreto, el
mundo anarquista de la ciudad de València, y de la historia oral el texto pretende acercarse
a través de la historia de vida de Carmen a cómo se habían construido y estaban
reformulándose las identidades de género en este antagonismo juvenil.

CALL FOR PAPERS: "Italian Sonorities and Acoustic Communities: Listening to the Soundscapes of Italianità" conference, April 27-29, 2017 at Queens College's John D. Calandra Italian American Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Manhattan. DEADLINE:  September 16, 2016.

With the end of World War II, Australians turned to rebuilding their nation, placing the perceived educational and social needs of children at the forefront of their efforts. Urban planners aimed to protect children from the potential degradation of urban environments through refashioning slums and laying out spacious streets in suburbia. Concomitant with a renewed public emphasis on the domestic life of the family, architects and home magazines promoted the benefits of modernism, which encouraged a stark functionalism and new social relationships within the home. School authorities and architects sought to create educational environments that would foster learning and instil discipline in pupils. Whilst these were the spatial discourses most dominant in 1950s Australia, closer examination of two Melbourne localities reveals that such ideals were often compromised in practice. Australia was suffering a housing crisis, with building hampered by material and labour shortages that persisted until the mid-1950s. A fertility boom and the influx of migration caused a demographic leap that left urban planners scrambling to provide infrastructure for the rapidly expanding city. Thousands of new homes and scores of new schools were urgently needed. Given these circumstances, many of the neighbourhoods, houses and schools of the 1950s failed to live up to the aspirational ideals of planning and architectural discourses. The childhood memories of people who grew up in Melbourne during the 1950s reveal a markedly different perspective to the expert spatial notions of this era. In their recollections of the landscapes and buildings of childhood, interviewees recalled emotional resonances, sensory experiences and social interactions associated with particular places. Urban planners and architects viewed physical environments as abstract spaces. But for post-war children, these environments were places imbued with complex personal meanings.