Kurdish Literature

Hîkaya “Beyi Se Bena?” ke ma ser o nê tehlîlî virazenî, nameyê kitabê hîkaya yê J. Îhsan Esparî yo. Na hîkaye, tewr verî 1997 de kovara Vateyî de hûmara 2, 3 û 4. de qisim bi qisim weşanîyaya. Hîkaya “Beyi Se Bena?” bi nameyê ke kovare de weşanîyaya, badî bi eynî nameyî 2004 de hetê Weşanxaneyê Vateyî ra çap bîya11. Kitab de tena yew hîkaye ca gêna û na hîkaye qasê 60 rîpelî yê. Bi no hawa merdim şêno sey yew hîkaya derge bihesebno.

* Bîlal Zîlan, "Hetê Şuxulnayîşê Ziwan û Îdyoman ra Tehlîlê Hîkaya Beyi Se Bena?", Şewçila: Kovara Edebî Hunerî, Hûmare 1, Dîyarbekir, Wisar 2011, rr. 47-57.

Kovar di warê zanistê da xwedî bandoreka giring in. Kovara Nûbiharê cara ewil di sala 1992yan hate weşandin. Armancên kovaran curbicur in. Yek ji van armancan jî hînkirin û bipêşvebirina ziman e. Ev mijara ewil, bi taybetî di derbareyê perwerdeya ziman da ye. Em di vê gotarê da li ser bandora Kovara Nûbiharê a li ser zimanê kurdî rawestîyan. Ji nivîsan jî tê famkirin ku armanca ewil a derketina Kovara Nûbiharê xizmeta ziman û nasnameya kurdî ye. Ji bo vê armancê heta îro 156 hejmarên kovarê derketine. Kovar bi taybetî giringîyeka mezin dide hînbûn û hînkirina zimanê kurdî. Ji ber vê yekê, di hejmarên xwe yên destpêkê da, bi taybetî li ser mijarên zimanî yên wekî alfabe, rêziman, ferheng û mafê zimanê dayikê rawestîyaye. Îro jî Nûbihar, zimanê kurdî wek dîyardeya herî giring a nasnameya kurdî dibîne.
Peyvên Sereke: Kovara Nûbiharê, zimanê kurdî, perwerde, nasname

MAGAZİNE, LANGUAGE AND EDUCATİON-NUBİHAR MAGAZİNE AND KURT LANGUAGE
Abstract
Journal, Language and Education -Journal of Nubihar and Kurdish Language-
Journals have a significant impact in the field of science. Journal of Nubihar was first published in 1992. Journals have various purposes. One of these purposes is to teach the language and develop it. This first topic is particularly relevant to the field of language teaching. In this article, we focused on the influence of Journal of Nubihar on the Kurdish
Language. As can be understood from the articles, the primary aim of Journal of Nubihar is to serve the Kurdish language and identity. For this purpose, 156 issues of the journal have been published so far. The journal attaches great importance to the learning and teaching of the Kurdish Language. Therefore, in its first issues, it focused on language topics such as the alphabet, grammar, dictionary and the mother tongue right. Even today, Nubihar sees the Kurdish language as the most distinctive indicator of Kurdish identity.
Keywords: Journal of Nubihar, Kurdish Language, education, identity

ABSTRACT


This dissertation is concerned with the sufistic hermeneutics of mahwi’s poem. It is an attempt to read his Kurdish poems, amid theoretical reading of Islamic interpretation and western. Thus some unclear textual meaning can be interpreted. Because of that, the study is divided in to an introduction and three chapters.
The introduction deals with the relation between the term hermeneutics and Islamic interpretation, rhetoric, and aesthetic interpretations.
Chapter one is entitled to” The Text between pleasure and hermeneutics” This chapter is classified into two sections. The first section is about Ghazal as a Sufistic inheritance for the interpretations means. It sheds a light on the query of heavenly and earthly love and the relation to hermeneutic text as well as feminization of text and conceiving pregnancy by beauty query from gracefulness, perfection, lordliness of God to human being.
Whereas the second section studies wine as a source of sufistic hermeneutics. It also deals about hermeneutic reading of wine, its problems of interpretation reasons behind using wine in sufistic texts, its relation with glow, presence or absence of love partner, flute, house of perfection, and features of moral wine.
Chapter two focuses on hermenutic phenomenology, where  phenomenology has become source or means for hermeneutics to find unclear textual meanings. The first section of chapter two describes the intentions of poet text, and the experience of poet’s life. It studies the ways to understand mahwi’s intentions, It also explains that through phenomenology there is hermeneutic reading for the indications of existence, freedom, nothingness, passing away, murdering, and cessation of being.
Chapter three is devoted to hermeneutic semiology, where semiology as a science that studies signs and symbols has become a source and means so as to make hermeneutic reading for some signifiers and where by obtain different meanings. For this purpose, the first section is about the query of selfness, selfishness, and poets attention for the use of first person pronoun(I) as a signifier that an device different meanings. Later, this signifier were read hermeneutically, furthermore, they were textually, and terminologically used as hermeneutic source. In the second section logic is studied as a source for semiology and its changing meanings to hermeneutic and later there are hermeneutic reading for some signifiers.
Finally the thesis studies sufistic essaying, and  hermeneutic problems. In these chapter, it is attempted to have different reading for Mahwi’s Kurdish texts while considering sufistic essaying. Finally, the paper ends with a conclusion and results. 

ملخص الأطروحة

هذه الأطروحة الموسومة بـ (هرمنيوطيقا شعر محوى الصوفي) تعدّ محاولة لقراءة الأشعار الصوفية للشاعر الكوردي الشهير بـ(محوى)، إذ إنّها تركّز على الجوانب التأويلية لهذه الاشعار، في ظلّ النظريات التأويليّة الإسلامية، والهرمنيوطيقا الغربية، والغرض من ذلك: كشفُ أبعاد خفية كثيرة للنصوص، وإدراك المعاني والدلالات التي يتضمنها، ولا يمكن التوصل إليها إلا بالتأويل.
وتكوّنت الأطروحة من: مقدمة، وتمهيد، وثلاثة فصول، مع نتائج مهمة توصل إليها البحث.
ففي المقدمة تناول البحثُ تعريف الموضوع-والعنوان محددا- مختصراً، وتطرقَ إلى أسباب اختياره وأهميته، وحدوده، وذكر الصعوبات والعوائق التي واجهت طريقه، ومن ثَمَّ بيان خطة العمل فيه.
وفي التمهيد: تناول البحثُ تعريفَ مصطلح (الهرمنيوطيقا) قديماً وحديثاً، وبيانَ صلتها بالتأويل الإسلامي، وعلم البلاغة، وفن الجمال، ثم توضيح علاقة الهرمنيوطيقا بمناهج ما بعد البُنيوية.
وقد خصّص الفصل الأول لـ(النص بين اللذة والهرمنيوطيقا)، وذلك ضمن مبحثين، فجعل المبحث الأول للغزل كميراث للتصوف وألية للتأويل الشعري، واشتمل ذلك على: الحديث عن مسألة الحُبّ والعشق السماوي والأرضي، وعلاقتهما بتأويلية النصّ، ومن ثمّ أنوثية النصّ وما تحمله من مسائل الجمال في (الجمال والكمال والجلال الإلهية)، إلى جمالية الإنسان. أما المبحث الثاني فجعل لمسألة الشراب كمصدر للهرمنيوطيقا الصوفية، وفيه قراءة تأويلية لمفهوم الشراب، وتباين وجهات نظر المؤولين فيه، وذكرُ أسباب استعماله في نصوص الصوفية، وعلاقة هذا المصطلح بالنور والنار، وحضور المعشوق وغيابه، وأهل الكمال، وكذلك صلته بالني، والتطرق أيضاً إلى بعض سمات الشراب المعنوى في أشعار محوى الصوفية. 
و خصّصت الفصل الثاني للكلام عن الهرمنيوطيقا الظاهراتية، إذ إنّ الظاهراتية النقدية تعدّ أداة مهمة للتأويل، فإنها تكشف فجوات معانية في النصوص ومسافات دلالية في الخطاب، ومن هنا تضمن هذا الفصل مبحثين: فجعل في المبحث الأول لمفهوم قصدية الشعر والنص، وتجربة الحياة، وذكر الوسائل والقرائن التي لها دور كبير لفهم قصدية شعر محوى الصوفي. وفي المبحث الثانى حاول البحث أن يدرس ظاهراتياً عن مسألة الوجود والعدم، والذهاب إلى الموت، وإلى القتل والشهادة بأيدى المعشوق عند الشاعر، ومن ثمَّ قراءة تأويلية عن تلك الظواهر النادرة الخاصة بخطاب التصوف عند محوي.
أما الفصل الثالث فقد خصّص للتأويلية السيميائية، مبيّناً أثر السميائية-الدال والمدلول- في تأويل بعض أشعار محوي الكردية، واشتمل هذا الفصل على ثلاثة مباحث، فخصص المبحث الأول للكلام على علم المنطق كأداة للتأويلية، إذ موضحا أنّ الشاعر استعمل مصطلحات منطقية، ويمكن النظر إليها من حيثيتين: من حيث المعنى السيميائي، ومن حيث المعنى التأويلي. وجعل المبحث الثاني لـ(أنا) وذاتية الشاعر كبعدٍ للتأويل، متطرقاً إلى صلة (الأنا) بمضمون النصوص لدى محوى، وكذلك التركيز على علاقة (الأنا) بالدال الذي له دور في احتجاب المعاني الشعرية، ونضوج التأويل فيها. وجعل المبحث الثالث للكلام على خطاب التصوف وإشكالية الـتأويل والمعنى، مركّزاً على إشكالية قراءة نصوص محوى الشعرية، وباطنية النص واحتجاب المعنى، مبيناً أيضاً أهمية التأويل عند محوى.    وجاءت الخاتمة لذكر أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الأطروحة.

In this blog post, published on the British Library's Asian and African Studies blog on 12 November 2019. In it, I look at the reasons for which a large corpus of manuscript material did not develop, as it did for the Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Syriac or Arabic, and how this is reflected in the manuscript holdings of the British Library.

Bu tezde, içinde bulunduğu edebi gelenek açısından önem arz eden; Erebê Şemo'nun Şivanê Kurmanca (Kürt Çoban-1935), Mahmut Baksi'nin Gundikê Dono (Dono Köyü-1988), Mehmed Uzun'un Bîra Qederê (Kader Kuyusu-1995), Abbas Abbas’ın Şivanê Berxan (Kuzu Çobanı-2004), Bavê Nazê'nin Miriyê Heram (Necis Ölü-2009) ve Rênas Jiyan’ın Bacanên Pelçiqî (Ezilmiş Domatesler-2017) adlı Kürt romanlarında Türk karakterlerin nasıl ele alındığı ve öteki olarak Türk imajının nasıl oluşturulduğu incelenmiştir.

This chapter focuses on the Iraqi Kurdish response to the rapid and devastating advance of ISIS. Of course, the Iraqi Kurdish response to the ISIS advance has been a multifaceted, complex, and evolving one that includes military strategy, pragmatic politics, and aspirations of independence. Leaving aside the fact that the ISIS advance has granted the Iraqi Kurds unprecedented access to Iraq’s rich oil reserves and the fact that the initial Kurdish reaction was to ramp up their rhetoric toward complete secession from Iraq, this chapter focuses on two further dimensions of the Iraqi Kurdish response. Firstly, it documents the Iraqi Kurdish seizure of the so-called “disputed territories,” especially
Kirkuk, and their stated intent to hold a referendum on the future of these
regions (effectively to force a resolution to Article 140 of the constitution). Secondly, the chapter documents the Iraqi Kurdish use of the ISIS advance as leverage to enhance Kurdish relations dramatically with the US and Europe via direct military support (including airstrikes and weapons supply) and to become the key launchpad
in the fight against ISIS planned for 2015. The chapter concludes by briefly assessing the efficacy and wisdom of the Kurdish strategy of leveraging the ISIS onslaught to advance their own interests.

Abstract

Classical Gorani literature is believed to be the oldest Kurdish literary tradition which under the patronage of the Ardalans developed into a “literary koinè” in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. However, despite its antiquity and significance in the history of Kurdish literature, it has remained largely under-studied. It is against this backdrop that I offer an overview of Gorani literature, its history of development, and main literary characteristics in this article. Through extensive text analysis I examine the classical Gorani poetry for its major genres and forms and predominant themes and images. I study Gorani oral and written literature and their interactions, and the role it played in Kurdish poetic modernisation in the twentieth century.

References
Anvar, L. (2010). The Radiance of Epiphany: The Vision of Beauty and Love in Hāfiz’s Poem of Pre-Eternity. In L. Lewisohn (ed.). Hafiz and the Religion of Love in Classical Persian Poetry (123–143). London: I. B. Tauris.
Bahrami, I. (2004). Introduction. In I. Bahrami (ed.). Shahname-ye Kurdi (13–52). Tehran: Entesharat-e Hirmand.
Behn, W. (1988). Bābān. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Online Edition. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baban-2 (last accessed 12 March 2016).
Bêsaranî. (1375/1996). Dîwanî Besaranî. H. Mela Salih (ed.). Sanandaj: Goran.
Bidlisi, Sh. Kh. (1964). Sharafnameh, Tarikh-i Mufassal-i Kurdistan. Tehran: Moassesse-ye Matbuʿat-e ʿElmi.
Blau, J. (1996). Kurdish Written Literature. In Ph. G. Kreyenbroek & Ch. Allison (eds.). Kurdish Culture and Identity (20–28). London: Zed Books.
Chamanara, B. (2013). An Investigation into the Kurdish Genre of the Shāhnāma and Its Religious Dimensions. Journal of Persianate Studies, 6(1-2), 163–177.
During, J. (1988). Barbaṭ. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Online Edition. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/barbat (last accessed 20 April 2016).
Erdelan, M. (1946). Tarikh-e Ardalan. N. Azadpour (ed.). Sanandaj: Chapkhane-ye Bahrami.
Erdelan, M. (1998). ʿAqayed.ʿE. Merdûx (ed.). Stockholm.
Gerdî, ʿE. (1999). Serwa [Rhyme]. Hewlêr: Aras.
Erdelan, M. (2005). Sharʿiyat. J. Ahmadi Ayin (ed.). Hewlêr: Aras.
Erdelan, M. (2005). Dîwanî Mestûre. M. M. Ruhanî (ed.). Hewlêr: Aras.
Ghaderi, F. (2015). The Challenges of Writing Kurdish Literary History: Representation, Classification, and Periodisation. Kurdish Studies, 3(1), 3–25.
Ghaderi, F. (2016). The Emergence and Development of Modern Kurdish Poetry. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). University of Exeter, Exeter.
Goran, M. (2004). Shahname-ye Kurdi: Javahirpush wa Bizhan-u Manizha [Kurdish Shahnameh: Javaherpush and Bijan and Manijeh]. I. Bahrami (ed.). Tehran: Hirmand.
Gunter, M. (2009). A to Z of the Kurds. Toronto: The Scarecrow Press.
Halm, H. (1982). Ahl-e Ḥaqq. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Online Edition. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahl-e-haqq-people (last accessed 12 March 2016).
Hamzeh’ee, R. (1990). The Yarsan: A Sociological, Historical and Religio-Historical Study of a Kurdish Community. Berlin: Klaus Schwartz Verlag.
Hassanpour, A. (1998). The Identity of Hewrami Speakers: Reflections on the Theory and Ideology of Comparative Philology. In A. Soltani (ed.). Anthology of Gurani Kurdish Poetry (35–49). London: Soane Trust for Kurdistan.
Hassanpour, A. (1990). The Language Factor in National Development: The Standardization of the Kurdish Language, 1918–1985. Published Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Hewramanî, M. E. (1981). Zarî Zimanî Kurdî le Terazûy Berawurd da [Kurdish Language from a Comparative Perspective]. Baghdad: Dezgay Roşinbîrî w Biławkirdnewey Kurdî.
Hewramanî, M. E. (2004). Gułzarî Hewraman, Zimannasî û Edebiyat [The Rose Garden of Hawraman: Linguistics and Literature]. Hewlêr: Aras.
Hooshmandrad, P. (2004). Performing the Belief: Sacred Musical Practice of the Kurdish Ahl-i Haqq of Guran. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of California, Berkeley.
Jayhunʹabadi, N. (1966-1971). Shahnamah-ʼi hhaqiqat: tarikh manzum buzurgan-i ahl-i haqq [The Book of the Kings of Truth: A versified History of the the Great Ones of the Ahl-e Haqq]. 2 vols. M. Mokri (ed.). Tehran: Institut Iran va Faranseh.
Kreyenbroek, Ph. G. (1992). On the Kurdish Language. In Ph. G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview (53–65). London: Routledge.
Kreyenbroek, Ph. G. (2010). Orality and Religion in Kurdistan: The Yezidi and Ahl-e Haqq. In E. Yarshater (ed.). A History of Persian Literature, Vol. XVIII, (70-89). New York: I. B. Tauris.
Leezenberg, M. (1993). Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, ILLC Pre-Publication Series X--93-03. Available at http://www.illc.uva.nl/Research/Publications/Reports/reportlist.php?Year=1993
Losensky, P. (2009). Sāqi-nāma. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Online Edition, 2009. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saqi-nama-book (last accessed 17 May 2016).
MacKenzie, D. (1961). Kurdish Dialect Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
MacKenzie, D. N. (1965). Some Gorani Lyric Verse. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, XXVIII (2), 255–83.
MacKenzie, D. (2002). Gurāni. Encyclopaedia of Iranica. Online Edition. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gurani (last accessed 15 March 2016).
McDowall, D. (2007). A Modern History of the Kurds. London, New York: I. B. Tauris.
Mahmoudveysi, P., et al. (2012). The Gorani Language of Gawraju (Gawrajuyi), a Village of West Iran. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert Verlag.
Mahmoudveysi, P. & Bailey, D. (2013). The Gorani Language of Zarda, a Village of West Iran. Texts, Grammar, and Lexicon. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert Verlag.
Mela Salih, H. (2008). Mewlewî û Teqînewey Ziman [Mewlewî and the Explosion of Language]. Hewlêr; Aras.
Mewlewî,ʿE. (2003). Dîwanî Mewlewî. H. Goran & M. Hicazî (eds.). Sanandaj: Goran Publishers.
Minorsky, V. (1943). The Gūrān. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 11(1), 75–103.
Minorsky, V. (2012). Ahl-i Ḥaḳḳ. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second Edition. P. Bearman et al. (eds.). Brill Online. Available at http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ahl-i-hakk-COM_0026 (last accessed 2 March 2016).
Mohammadirad, M. & Tabibzadeh, O. (1393/2015). Wazn wa Qafiye, Do Meʿyar baraye Teʿin-e Qedmat-e Ashʿar-e Shafahi. Motaleʿe-ye Moredi dar Wazn wa Qafiye-ye Kalamat-e Yarsan [Metre and Rhyme as Two Criteria for Archaism of Oral Poetries: A Case Study of Metre and Rhyme in Yarsan Kalams]. Majale-ye Zaban Shenasi, 10(20), 1–16.
Mohammadpour, A. (2006). Mestûre û Badanewe bo Lîrîkay Erîstokratiyaney Farsî [Mestûre and turning to Persian Aristocratic Lyric]. In Bîranînê Mstûrey Erdelan [Commemorating Mestûre Erdelan], (159–176). Hewlêr: Aras.
Mokri, M. (1966). La légende de Bīžan-u Manīǰa: version populaire du sud du Kurdistan: en langue gouranie (Épisode du Shāhnāma, épopée iranienne). Paris: Klincksieck.
Mokri, M. (1967). Le chasseur de Dieu et le mythe du Roi-Aigle (Dawra-y Damyari). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Mokri, M. (1977). La Grande Assemblée des Fidèles de Vérité au tribunal sur le mont Zagros en Iran (Dawra-y Dīwāna Gawra). Paris: Klincksieck.
Morrison, G. (1981). Persian Literature (Belles-Lettres) from the Earliest Times to the Time of Jamī. In G. Morrison (ed.). History of Persian Literature from the Beginning of the Islamic Period to the Present Day, (1–83). Leiden, Koln: Brill.
Muhemmed, E. Q. (1990). Lîrîkay Şaêrî Gewrey Kurd Mewlewî (1806–82) [The Lyrics of the Great Kurdish Poet, Mewlewi]. Stockholm.
Muhemmed, K. R. (2004). Edebî Name Nusînî Kurdî [Kurdish Epistolary Literature]. Vol. 2. Hewlêr: Aras.
Oberling, P. (1988). Banī Ardalān. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Online Edition. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bani-ardalan-a-kurdish-tribe-of-northwestern-iran-now-dispersed-in-sanandaj-senna-and-surrounding-villages (last accessed 20 March 2016).
Paweyî, M. ‘E. (2004). Rawzatol Safa [The Garden of Purity]. In M. E. Hewramanî (ed.), Gułzarî Hewraman, Zimannasî û Edebiyat [The Rose Garden of Hawraman: Linguistics and Literature], (246–677). Hewlêr: Aras.
Qûbadî, X. (1348/1969). Xosrow û Şîrîn. M. Owrang (ed.). Tehran: Chāp-e Chehr.
Rieu, C. (1881). Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum. Vol. II. London.
Sefîzade (Borekeyî), S. (1990). Mêjûy Wêjey Kurdî [The History of Kurdish Literature]. Vol. 1. Bane: Enteshārāt-e Najī.
Sefîzade (Borekeyî), S. (1375/2006). Name-ye Sananjam ya Kalam-e Khazane [The Book of Saranjan or the Kalam of the Treasury]. Tehran.
Seydî Hewramî. (1971). Dîwanî Seydî. M. E. Kardoxî (ed.). Silêmanî: Çapxaney Kameran.
Sheyholislami, J. (2012). Kurdish in Iran: A Case of Restricted and Controlled Tolerance. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 217, 19–47.
Soane, E. B. (1921). A Short Anthology of Guran Poetry. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, I, 57–81.
Soltani, A. (1997). Bêsaranî yan Mehzûnî? [Bêsaranî or Mehzûnî?]. In A. Soltani (ed.). Destnûsî kurdî û Farsî Sebaret be Kurd le Kitêbxanekanî Berîtanya [Kurdish and Persian Manuscripts in British Libraries], (19–28). Sweden: Çapî Erzan.
Suri, M. (1965). Sorudha-ye Dini-e Yarsan [Religious songs of the Yarsan]. Tehran.
Quran, Sura VII: 172. http://quran.com/7/172
Tafażżolī, A. (1988). Barbad. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Online Edition. Available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/barbad-minstrel (last accessed 20 April 2016).
Xeznedar, M. (2001). Mêjûy Edebî Kurdî [The History of Kurdish Literature]. Vol. 1. Hewlêr: Aras.
Xeznedar, M. (2002). Mêjûy Edebî Kurdî [The History of Kurdish Literature]. Vol. 2. Hewlêr: Aras.
Xeznedar, M. (2003). Mêjûy Edebî Kurdî [The History of Kurdish Literature]. Vol. 3. Hewlêr: Aras.
Zeydanlıoğlu, W. (2012). Turkey's Kurdish Language Policy. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 217, 99–125

Szósty numer naszego czasopisma jest poświęcony współczesnej poezji kurdyjskiej. Przedstawiamy w nim wybór wierszy pięciu poetów i pięciu poetek pochodzących z czterech części Kurdystanu i piszących zarówno w dialekcie kurmandżi, jak też sorani języka kurdyjskiego: Şêrko Bêkesa, Abdullaha Pêşewa, Kemala Burkaya, Mehmeda Uzuna, Rojena Barnasa, Jîlî Huseynî, Nahîd Huseynî, Bahar Huseynî, Jany Seydy i Mahabad Qaradagî. Część z nich, jak Mehmed Uzun czy Mahabad Qaradagî to, to także znani pisarze. Wiersze zostały przetłumaczone przez Joannę Bocheńską i Hatifa Janabiego oraz przez pracujący wspólnie zespół tłumaczy: Joannę Bocheńską, Ferhanga Muhamada, Majida Raoofa i Andrzeja Bartczaka. We wstępie przedstawiono zarys historii poezji kurdyjskiej z uwzględnieniem wybranych wątków kontynuacji i przemian, jakie przeszła na przestrzeni wieków.

Comma Press, the UK's leading publisher of short-fiction,  is looking for new short stories written by Iraqi writers and set in Iraq to be published in both Arabic (eBook) and English translation (book and eBook) in 2015. The anthology will be edited by Hassan Blasim, who won the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize 2014 for his collection The Iraqi Christ.  Submissions can be made in Arabic, Kurdish or English to christine.gilmore@commapress.co.uk or  hassanblasim@gmail.com

تبحث  دار النشر البريطانية ( كوما بريس  ) عن قصص قصيرة جديدة  تدور أحداثها في العراق من تأليف كتاب عراقيين  .ستنشر المجموعة القصصية باللغة  العربية (رقمياً)  المجموعة القصصية . بالإضافة إلى الترجمة الانكليزية ( رقميا و ورقيا ). سيشرف حسن بلاسم على اصدارهذه  ايرجى من الكتاب الراغبين بالمشاركة التواصل معنا عبر هذه العناوين للبريد الألكتروني
  hassanblasim@gmail.com و      christine.gilmore@commapress.co.uk

Western modernity with its colonial application has created an identity trauma and patriarchal domination of the memory of colonized and oppressed peoples. Critiques from colonized territories encourage us to reread the colonial epistemes of modernity, whether or not centered on the West. The Kurdish political movement thus defines a new interpretation of modernity based on the critique of colonialism and global capitalism: "democratic modernity." This chapter problematizes the relations between modernity, the nation state, the destruction of ecology, social confinement, the relationship of the forces of these relations, but above all the modalities by which it becomes possible to act on them to break the "stalemate" of the modernity of thought in the twenty-first century.

Among the literary traditions, one of the issues most difficult to negotiate on is “genre”. The reason for this is that a clear distinction cannot be made between the concepts form and genre. What some researchers call genre may be considered as form by another or vice versa. This situation can easily turn in to a problem. Another reason is making evaluations without bringing similar literary products together.
The genre and form problem in the dengbêji tradition constitutes a
basic is suet hat cannot be agreed upon. Although it was mentioned
briefly in a few studies, a detailed genre and form study has not
been done so far. That the works performed in the dengbêji tradition
are mostly verbal, in other words, that are not written generally,
prevents the genre and form studies to be done in a healthy way. In
this study, after explaining the characteristics of genres and forms,
it will be tried to determine the genres in the dengbêji tradition.
Besides, a classification proposal will be put forward based on the
dengbêji products compiled within the scope of the study.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, gerek kuruluşunda ve gerekse günümüzde yaşadığı önemli çözülüş sürecinde, çeteleşme biçiminde kuruluşlara gitmekte ve içindeki engelleri olduğu kadar karşısındaki hedeflerini de düşürmek için bu yöntemi kullan-makta da epey ustalaştığı görülmektedir. Mustafa Kemal hareketinin kendisi, dönemin Osmanlı nizamında bir çete ha-reketi olarak ortaya çıkar ve bu o zaman açıkça da söylenir. İttihat Terakkicilik ta-mamen bir çete sistemi altında çalışır. Hele oluşturduğu TeĢkilatı Mahsusa yani o dönemin MĠT‟i, dünyada örneği az görülen ve hatta belki de ilk örneği sayıla-bilecek bir Ģekilde, devletin içinde ama gizli bir çete olarak kendisini örgütlen-dirir. Özellikle Osmanlı İmparatorluğu‟nu dağılış sürecinde ayakta tutmanın temel yöntemi, Teşkilatı Mahsusa‟nın çeteleşme tarzıdır. İmparatorluğun kurtulamayacağı anlaşılınca, aynı çeteler Anadolu‟ya yayılırlar. Kuva-i Milliye adı altındaki teşkilat-lanmalarda oldukça etkilidirler. Mustafa Kemal başlangıçta bunları oldukça kullanır. Örneğin Çerkez Ethem‟in hareketi de, Teşkilatı Mahsusa‟nın bir üyesi olması itiba-rıyla son tahlilde çetedir. Ama eğilimi padişah yanlısı isyancılardan değil, özellikle Bolşevik etkilenmeden ötürü Anadolu İhtilali yönündedir. Ve buna benzer Efeler hareketi de tipik bir çete hareketi olarak anlaşılır. Zaten o zaman ismi de odur.

Osmanli Arşiv Belgelerine Göre Resûl Mestî’nin (1823-1908) Hayati ve Eserleri ÖZ
Kürt edebiyatı tarihinde birçok yazar ve şair halen birer isimden ibaret olup onların hayat ve eserlerine dair kayda değer bulgular elde edilememiştir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinin incelenmesi sayesinde Kürt edebiyatçı, eğitimci, alim ve fizikçi Resûl Mestî’nin hayatının kimi yönlerine ışık tutulmuştur. Osmanlıca belgelere istinaden ilk defa onun hayatının karanlıkta kalan kimi yönleri aydınlığa kavuşturulmuş ve tümüyle belge ve kaynaklara bağlı kalınarak onun basılı ve kayıp eserleri gün yüzüne çıkarılmış ve benzer şekilde onun şiir denemeleri, Şeyh Rızâ Tâlabânî ile olan edebî münasebetleri ve derlenen birkaç şiiri vasıtasıyla bir şair olarak oynadığı rol gösterilmiştir. Öte yandan onun bilimsel mucitlik çabaları ve hayatının eğitim sahasını alakadar eden önemli aşamaları incelenmiş ve bu yolla Kürt toplumu içerisinde eğitim tarihinin ne suretle şekillendiği betimlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Resûl Mestî, Şiir, Fizik, Eğitim, Osmanlı Belgeleri.

Rasul Masti (1823-1908) His Life and Works in Ottoman Archives ABSTRACT
In the history of Kurdish Literature, there are so many authors and writers who are still known by their names, that is, not so much information of their lives and works can be obtained. In this paper, based on the searches in Ottoman Archives, some aspects of Rasul Masti's life are described. Rasul Masti was a Kurdish tutor, educator, scientist, and physicist. The paper attempts to shed a light on his life and works relying on Ottoman Archive documents and references. Also, according to these references and documents, the paper demonstrates his published books and lost works. It also shows his poetic experience, his relation with the poet, Sheikh Razay Talabani through collecting some of his poems. Despite of all that, the paper studies his creative scientific efforts and various stages of his life in education, in this way, it depicts in writing style, the history of education in Kurdish society.
Keywords: Rasul Masti, Poetry, Physics, Education, Ottoman Documents

The focus of this study is mainly on Kurdish short story, read from the viewpoint of a literary history. The political course of events in Kurdistan, and the political and social circumstances which followed, have without question strongly influenced the Kurdish short story both in content, style, and language. The Kurdish short story has its origins in the second decade of the twentieth century. Kurdish prose arose in the beginning of the nineteenth century. There are few examples of Kurdish prose from that time; in every case, they are non-literary. Kurdish journalism played a central role in the development of short story. The origin of the art of the Kurdish short story is directly related with Kurdish journalism. And this development cannot be isolated from very conscious attempts to further the Kurdish short story with the help of translations of short stories into Kurdish from other languages – European languages in particular. This essay is an attempt at a study of the development of the Kurdish short story from its origins until the beginning of the first decade in the new century. The products of Kurdish writers of the ex-Soviet Union and Kurdish writers who write in languages other than Kurdish are not included in this study. 
Keywords: Kurdish literature, Kurdish short story, Kurdish journalism. Contents and forms of Kurdish prose.

کامه‌ران موکری و فه‌ڕوخی یه‌زدی وه‌ک دوو له‌ شاعیره‌ دیار و به‌رجه‌سته‌کانی ئه‌ده‌بیاتی فارسی و کوردی و شاعیرگه‌لێکی دەروەست و خاوه‌ن‌‌هه‌ڵوێست، هه‌میشه‌ شیعره‌کانیان له‌ خزمه‌تی کۆمه‌ڵگادا بووه‌ و ویستوویانه‌ له‌ ڕێی قه‌ڵه‌مه‌که‌یانه‌وه‌ ده‌رد و ئازار و مه‌ینه‌تییه‌کانی خه‌ڵکی پیشان بده‌ن. ئه‌وان وێڕای ئه‌وه‌ی قه‌ڵه‌مه‌که‌یان بۆ هه‌ڵوێست‌نواندن دژ به‌ سته‌م و نادادییه‌کان به‌کار خستووه‌،‌ خه‌ڵکیشیان دژ به‌ زوڵم و سته‌م و بێدادییه‌ کۆمه‌ڵایه‌تیی و سیاسیی و ئاینییه‌کان هان‌داوه‌. سه‌ره‌ڕای ئه‌وه‌ی له‌ ڕووی کاته‌وه‌ به‌ته‌واوی هاوسه‌رده‌می یەکتر نه‌بوون، بەڵام به‌ روونی دیاره‌ که‌ که‌ش­وهه‌وای ژیانیان له‌ جوغڕافیای ڕۆژهه‌ڵاتی ناوه‌ڕاستی سه‌رده‌می نێوان شه‌ڕی جیهانی یەکه‌م و دووهه‌م­دا زۆر وێک چووه‌. هه‌ر بۆیه‌ش هه‌ڵسه‌نگاندنیان له‌ ڕووی ئه‌ده‌بی به‌راوردکارییه‌وه‌ شیاو و جێی سه‌رنجه‌. بیر و سۆزی به‌رچاوی نه‌ته‌وه‌یی به‌شێوه‌یەکی پته‌و و به‌ هێز، هه‌وڵی بێوچان بۆ ڕوون­کردنه‌وه‌ی بارودۆخی سیاسی و کۆمه‌ڵایه‌تی وڵات بۆ به‌رده‌نگ و به‌ تایبه‌ت چینه‌ ژێرده‌سته‌کان، به‌ره‌وڕوو بوونه‌وه‌ی بێ پێچ­و­په‌نا له‌گه‌ڵ ناڕێکیی کرده‌وه‌ و خه‌یانه‌ته‌کانی که‌سایه‌تییه‌ سیاسی و حکوومییه‌کان، به‌رنگاری و گازنده‌ دژ به‌ ده‌ست­تێوه‌ردانی هێز و هزره‌ بیانییه‌که‌ن له‌ ناوخۆی وڵات و به‌رنگاری و هێرش­کردنه‌سه‌ر فێڵبازی و چه‌وتیی که‌سایه‌تییه‌ ئایینیه‌کان یان ئه‌و که‌سانه‌ی به‌ ناوی ئایین به‌هره‌ی ئابووری و کۆمه‌ڵایه‌تی بۆخۆیان ده‌سته‌به‌ر ده‌که‌ن، ئه‌و خاڵانه‌ن که‌‌ به‌شێوه‌ی هاوبه‌ش، وێنه‌یەکی زه‌ق و به‌رچاو له‌ هه‌ڵوێست­دار بوون و سۆزی گشتگیری هونه‌ری و بیری قووڵی سیاسی-کۆمه‌ڵایه‌تی له‌ به‌رهه‌مه‌کانی هه‌ردووک نووسه‌ردا وه‌ده‌رده‌خات. به‌راوردکاریی بۆچوونی ئه‌و دوو نووسه‌ره‌ سه‌باره‌ت به‌ ئایین و چه‌مکه‌ ئایینیه‌کان، ده‌رخه‌ری جیاوازییه‌کی ورده‌ له‌ نیگایان بۆ دین؛ گه‌رچی خودی ئایین وه‌ک چه‌مکێک و پێگه‌یێکی کۆمه‌ڵایه‌تی‌ و بگره‌ مێژوویی بۆ نزیک­کردنه‌وه‌ و ڕێک­خستنه‌وه‌ی چینه‌کان له‌ شیعری فه‌ڕوخی ­یه‌زدیدا ئاماژه‌ی پێ­کراوه‌، به‌ڵام دین، به‌و شێوه‌یه‌ له‌ به‌رهه‌مه‌کانی مۆکری­دا ده‌رنه‌که‌وتووه‌ و ته‌نانه‌ت ئاماژه‌ی نه‌رێنیشی پێ­نه‌کراوه‌.

Joanna Bocheńska Kilka słów o współczesnej literaturze kurdyjskiej

Selahattin Bulut, Droga (Rê)

Jana Seyda, Mahabad

Hesenê Metê, Szepal (Şepal)

Jana Seyda, Przed drzwiami snu – Halabdża (Li ber deriyê xewnekê - Helebçe)

Helîm Yûsîv, Trzynasty miesiąc (Meha sêzdehan)

Jana Seyda, Mamo (Dayê)

Jan Dost, Słodka twarz (Rûyekî şêrîn)

Jana Seyda, Kurdowie (Kurd)

This study analyses the Kurdish children' literature in the North. The goal is to show works which about kurdish children's literature in the North.
First, the definitions of child, childhood and children's literature have been explained. Then about history of Kurdish children's literature some
informations are given. Kurdish children's literature when started and who has written for the children is also mentioned. Kurdish writers, poet and intellectuals who work for children in the North are introduced. Kurdish children' magazines and publishers that publish Kurdish children's books in the North also been the subject of this article.


Di vê lêkolînê de behsa edebiyata zarokan a kurdî ya li Bakur hatiye kirin. Armanc ew e ku di edebiyata zarokan a kurdî de xebatên ji bo zarokan li Bakur hatine kirin bi kurtasî bên nîşandan. Di destpêkê de têgehên zarok, zarokatî û edebiyata zarokan hatine ravekirin. Paşê behsa dîroka edebiyata zarokan a kurdî hatiye kirin.

The connotation of hair flattop in Jaziri poetry is the title of this research based on the meaning of gnosis of hair flattop word as a member of human's face, and put it to the content of gnostic poetry. This knowledge gives a poetry field as a text of gnosis. All classic poems have been well known as gnostic users and taken good benefits from Islamic gnosis for their poetries, and particularly

Handan Çağlayan’ın Diyarbekir’den başlayıp farklı Kürt ailelerin gündelik hayatlarında dil kullanımının peşine düşerek yaptığı alan araştırmasına dayalı Aynı Evde Ayrı Diller çalışması, bize Kürtçe’nin farklı kuşaklar arasında hangi durumlarda aktarılabilmiş olduğunu, fakat daha çok da nasıl aktarılamamış olduğunu göstermektedir.Çalışma, birçok bakımdan hem güncel siyasi tartışmalara hem de bu alandaki akademik literatüre önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Aynı Evde Ayrı Diller çalışması, Türkiye bağlamında ve Kürtçe özelinde genellikle eğitim ile ilgili tartışmalara konu olmuş anadili meselesini hem daha geniş bir çerçeveye oturtarak gündelik hayatın diğer alanlarında tartıştığı için hem de sadece anadilinin yasaklanmasından kaynaklanan sonuçlara odaklanmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda kuşaklar arasında dil aktarımının kesintiye uğramasının hangi sosyal, psikolojik ve siyasi etkiler sonucu gerçekleştiğini de gösterdiği için literatüre oldukça önemli bir katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Handan Çağlayan, bu kitapta Kürt hareketinin uzun süreli mücadelesinin dil alanına nasıl yansıdığını, bunun Kürtçe için ne gibi kazanımlar sağladığını kitap boyunca ele alarak anadili etrafında dönen tartışmaları siyasal ve tarihsel olarak da hakikatleri gören ve hakkaniyetli bir bağlama oturtmaktadır. Bununla beraber, çalışmanın saha araştırması devam ederken cereyan eden siyasi gelişmelerin ele alınması, anadili ile ilgili tartışmalarının nasıl bir ortamda cereyan ettiğini göstermesi bakımından oldukça önemli.

ئەم وتارە هەوڵ ئەدات لە هەنگاوی یەکەمدا ئاوڕ لە دوو قوتابخانەی شیعری هاوچەرخی کوردی لە کوردستانی عێراقدا بداتەوە. بۆ ئەم مەبەستەش دوای ناساندنی قوتابخانەکانی روانگە و کفری، دەست دەکات بە ئاراستەکردنی بابەتی ناوەندیی توێژینەوەکە کە بریتییە لە دیاری¬کردنی مۆرک و تایبەتمەندییە شێوازناسانەکانی ئەو بەرهەمانە. ئەو دوو قوتابخانەیە دوو رەوتی گرنگی ئەدەبییان لە ماوەی نێوان ساڵەکانی ١٩٧٠ بۆ ١٩٩١دا پێک¬هێنا کە وەکوو قۆناغێکی گرنگی مێژووی ئەدەبی هاوچەرخی کوردی لە کوردستانی عێراق لە قەڵەم دەدرێت. لە پێناو دەستەبەرکردنی چوارچێوەیەکی تیۆریک بۆ دەستنیشان کردنی شێوازناسیی بەرهەمە شیعرییەکان کەڵک لە روانگەکانی پرۆفیسۆر سیرووس شەمیسا و بە تایبەت کتێبی شێوازناسی لێکۆڵەری ناوبراو وەرگیراوە کە بایەخ دەداتە سێ ئاستی جیای زمانی، ئەدەبی و هزری لە دیاری¬کردنی مۆرکی شێوازناسانەی بەرهەمە ئەدەبییەکاندا. لەم توێژینەوەی بەردەستدا پەنجە خراوەتە سەر دامەزرێنەر و ناسراوترین ئەندامی هەرکام لە قوتابخانە شیعرییەکان کە بریتین لە شێرکۆ بێکەس و لەتیف هەڵمەت و پاشان بەرهەمەکانیان بە گوێرەی بنەواشە سەرەکییەکانی بۆچوونی رەخنەگرانەی ناوبراو لێکدراونەتەوە و جیاوازییەکانیان خراونەتە روو.

Among the Kurdish novels, the historical novels have settled as a genre that deserve to be studied academically. This thesis aims to study the Kurdish historical novels written in the Kurmanci dialect that were published from the beginning of the 1950s until 2010, and evaluate them in a sociological and historical context. This thesis asserts that the needs of the present incline the societies and their intellectuals to study
the past, and so writing historical novels, too, is not far from that aim. The Kurdish authors also use the historical novels as intrument because of the political needs of the present and they sometimes write historical novels to teach the history to the new generations. In addition, in those historical novels that were studied for this thesis, the present is the subject rather than past, and they have become the instrument for building the kurdish identity and social memory.

Di nav romana kurdî de, romana dîrokî wek cureyekê cihê xwe girtiye ku hêja ye bibe mijara lêkolînan. Ev tez armanc dike ku ji destpêka salên 1950yan heta sala 2010an romanên kurdî (kurmancî) ên dîrokî bide ber xwe û wan di nav peywenda sosyolojîk û dîrokî de binirxîne. Ev tez îddia dike çawa ku pêdiviyên îroyîn û dahatûyê civak an rewşenbîran sewqî lêkolînên li ser rabirdûyê dikin û nivîsandina romanên dîrokî jî ji vê armancê ne dûr in. Romanûsên kurd jî ji ber pêdiviyên îroyîn ên siyasî û çandî romanên dîrokî wek amûrekê bikartînin û car bi car romanên xwe bi wê armancê dinivîsînin ku dîrokê bi nifşên nû bidin fêrkirin. Tevî vê, ev romanên dîrokî dikare bê gotin ku ji rabirdûyê bêtir îro (an vêga) ji xwe re dikin mijar û dibin amûra sazkirina nasnameyek kurd a siyasî û bîra civakî.

داستان موسی و شبان از جمله داستان‌های بسیار تأثیرگذاری است که مولوی آن را برساخته و با مهارت تمام در مثنوی آورده است. ظاهراً منشأ این داستان نامعلوم است و عده‌ای را عقیده بر این است که داستان موسی و عبد صالح در قرآن، مولوی را بر آن داشته تا به قیاس شریعت و طریقت دست یازد و طریقت را أهمّ از دیگری بنمایاند. پس از مولوی، این داستان (با تأثر از وی) در قالب دیگری به نام موسی و سنگتراش روایت شده که به گمان برخی، ازآن عبید زاکانی است؛ اما، با دقت در سبک این منظومه و مقایسه‌ی آن با شعر عبید، انتساب آن به وی نامحتمل می‌نماید. این داستان در میان شاعران کرد نیز مورد استقبال قرار گرفته و آنان به زبان کردی آن را به نظم درآورده‌اند. از جمله این شاعران، میرزا احمد داواشی (1280- 1359) زاده‌ی روانسر است، که با مهارتی وافر به این قصه اهتمام ورزیده و آن را به زبان کردی به رشته‌ی نظم درآورده است. در این مقاله تلاش می‌شود که با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با رویکرد نقد ساختاری، قصۀ موسی و سنگتراش که در دیوان میرزا احمد داواشی در 129 بیت به نظم آمده، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و عناصر تشکیل دهنده‌ی آن تحلیل شوند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که داستان موسی و سنگتراش، دارای تمام عناصر یک داستان کامل است و نویسنده توانسته به خوبی از این عناصر در جهت پیشبرد درونمایه بهره بگیرد.

A special issue of Journal of Kurdish History was published on the Kurdish emirates of the Shaddadid, Bitlis, Miks, Baban and Cilicia.

Kürt Tarihi dergisi bu sayıda sayfalarını Kürt mirliklerinden Şeddadi, Bitlis, Miks, Baban ve Kilis'e ayırdı.

Dear readers, you are holding the first issue (Vol 2, No 1) of KUJHSS- Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences in your hand. (KUJHSS) is a biannual academic journal published by the Koya University, Koya, KRG, Iraq. KUJHSS publishes original researches in all area of Humanities and Social Sciences. KUJHSS is a Peer-Reviewed Open Access journal with Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). KUJHSS provides immediate, worldwide, barrier-free access to the full text of research articles without requiring a subscription to the journal, and has no article processing charge (APC). KUJHSS applies the highest standards to everything it does and adopts Harvard citation/referencing style.