Bu çalışmayla sınır güvenliği ve gözetim mekanizmalarıyla, bugün en tartışmalı politikalardan biri haline gelen Avrupa Birliği'nin (AB) düzensiz göç rejimi, Foucaultcu yaklaşım ile bir nüfus biyopolitikası olarak analiz edilmektedir.... more
Bu çalışmayla sınır güvenliği ve gözetim mekanizmalarıyla, bugün en tartışmalı politikalardan biri haline gelen Avrupa Birliği'nin (AB) düzensiz göç rejimi, Foucaultcu yaklaşım ile bir nüfus biyopolitikası olarak analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada AB'nin, düzensiz transit göçmenler başta olmak üzere AB sınırlarına yönelen istenmeyen nüfusları kontrol, gözetim ve güvenlik teknolojileriyle yönetmeyi amaçlayan, düzenleyici bir iktidar olarak hareket ettiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, sınır kontrolünde temel kurum ve gözetim mekanizmaları olan Avrupa Birliği Üye Ülkelerinin Dış Sınırlarının Yönetimi için Operasyonel İşbirliği Ajansı (FRONTEX) ve Avrupa Sınır Gözetim Sistemi'ni (EUROSUR), kontrol pratikleriyle bugün göçmenler için dünyanın en ölümcül sınırları haline gelen AB dış sınırlarında incelenmektedir.
A határőrizeti célú ideiglenes biztonsági határzár és határőrizetre gyakorolt hatásai The temporary technical barrier at the border and its impacts on the border surveillance Absztrakt Az ókori városállamok területének bekerítésétől... more
A határőrizeti célú ideiglenes biztonsági határzár és határőrizetre gyakorolt hatásai The temporary technical barrier at the border and its impacts on the border surveillance Absztrakt Az ókori városállamok területének bekerítésétől kezdve, a limesen, és a Vasfüg-gönyön át napjaink modern, demokratikus államaiban is számos példa található az államhatár műszaki megerősítésére. Magyarországon a 2015-ben kialakult tömeges méretű irreguláris migrációs folyamatok hatására született kormányzati döntés a magyar-szerb, majd a magyar-horvát határszakasz fizikai akadállyal – határőrizeti célú ideiglenes biztonsági határzárral – történő lezárására. A mű-szaki kivitelezés, a további fejlesztések és a fenntartás magas költségei alapján megkérdőjelezhető a határzár ideiglenes jellege. A határzár telepítésének határ-őrizeti célja abban fogalmazható meg, hogy megakadályozza az államhatár jogel-lenes átlépését. A cél tehát nem a jogellenes határátlépések felderítése és az elkövetők elfogása, hanem " áthatolhatatlan " mesterséges fizikai akadály képzése. A határzár megjelenése jelentős változásokat eredményezett a határőrizet gya-korlati végrehajtásában, és statikus jellege miatt a határőrizet klasszikus elvei csak részben érvényesülhetnek. Kulcsszavak: rendészet, határrendészet, határőrizet, határvédelem, határőrizeti elvek, határőrizeti rendszer, határőrizeti célú ideiglenes biztonsági határzár, ha-tárőrizet technikai támogatása, tömeges méretű irreguláris migráció
Resumen: La biometría humana aplicada por el Estado con fines de control social ejemplifica su propia transformación como actor político. La inserción y aplicación de la biometría en la región sudamericana con fines documentarios,... more
Resumen: La biometría humana aplicada por el Estado con fines de control social ejemplifica su propia transformación como actor político. La inserción y aplicación de la biometría en la región sudamericana con fines documentarios, previsionales, impositivos, de control electoral, de beneficios sociales, y de control migratorio, entre otros, revelan la necesidad de contar con más estudios que focalicen y problematicen su papel actual. En este sentido, el propósito de este trabajo sostiene que la biometría aplicada por el Estado especialmente al control migratorio es una forma de biopoder en sentido foucaultiano. Para situar el trabajo, se analizará la transformación reciente del Estado argentino, desde 2003 hasta 2015, interrogando a través de disposiciones y discursos de funcionarios públicos ¿Desde cuándo la biometría se adopta como opción política para el control migratorio?, ¿Cómo llega a posicionarse en Argentina?, y ¿Qué rol juega Argentina como país difusor de implementaciones biométricas en la región sudamericana? Abstract: This paper argues that the use of biometrics by the State’s to control migration can be conceived of as a form of biopower in a Foucauldian sense. By way of example, the case of Argentina from 2003 to 2015 will be qualitatively analyzed. Based on rulings and addresses by government officials three main questions will be answered: What is the role of biometrics in recent Argen- tine public policies? How does it attain such status? How is biometrics adopted as a policy option for migration control? Argentina proves to be a useful case in that it has recently changed its migration policies, linking the discourse on human rights with the advocacy of migration controls based on biometrics.
This paper examines ways of knowing "the Roma" as a category of people. It attends to mobility and its obstructions, and the ways that coincide with bureaucratic, institutional, and everyday modes of sorting and racializing groups of... more
This paper examines ways of knowing "the Roma" as a category of people. It attends to mobility and its obstructions, and the ways that coincide with bureaucratic, institutional, and everyday modes of sorting and racializing groups of people. Our case study is situated in Romania. Whereas "the Roma" do not exist as a category in the Romanian national registry of citizens, mainstream public discourses regarding "Roma migration" have significantly proliferated over the past decades. Yet, how do authorities come to know "the Roma" and how do they render groups of citizens into racialized populations? We examine two bureaucratic practices in Romania, the census and the registry of citizens, and show how the latter is enacted through various "technologies of vision." We focus on the category of "the Roma" as a material semiotic configuration enacted by various "data" regarding issues such as territorial segregation, phenotypic appearance, smell, and dialect. Situated at the intersection of Border and Surveillance Studies, Romani Studies, and Science and Technologies Studies, this paper contributes to debates about how "the Roma" are rendered visible in practices of identification and migration management in Europe.
Territorial borders just like other boundaries are involved in a politics of belonging, a politics of ‘‘us’’ and ‘‘them’’. Border management regimes are thus part of processes of othering. In this article, we use the management of borders... more
Territorial borders just like other boundaries are involved in a politics of belonging, a politics of ‘‘us’’ and ‘‘them’’. Border management regimes are thus part of processes of othering. In this article, we use the management of borders and populations in Europe as an empirical example to make a theoretical claim about race. We introduce the notion of the phenotypic other to argue that race is a topological object, an object that is spatially and temporally folded in distributed technologies of governance. To elaborate on these notions, we first examine a number of border management technologies through which both race and Europe are brought into being. More specifically we focus on how various such technologies aimed at monitoring the movement of individuals together with the management of populations have come to play crucial roles in Europe. Different border management regimes, we argue, do not only enact different versions of Europe but also different phenotypic others. We then shift the focus from border regimes to internal practices of governance, examining forensic DNA databanks to unravel articulations of race in the traffic between databases and societies.
RESUMEN: La idea de migración ordenada, desarrollada desde 1953 por la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), ha obtenido mayor visibilidad a partir del Pacto Mundial para la Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular o Global... more
RESUMEN: La idea de migración ordenada, desarrollada desde 1953 por la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), ha obtenido mayor visibilidad a partir del Pacto Mundial para la Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular o Global Compact for Migration de 2018. Este capítulo tiene por objetivo revisar la implementación por parte de la OIM de dos mecanismos utilizados para vehiculizar la migración ordenada, como son la cooperación técnica sobre migración y el capacity-building, especialmente en la esfera del control migratorio y fronterizo. Por medio del análisis de material institucional de la OIM, se rastrean los casos nacionales que, desde comienzos de este milenio, han sido considerados de interés para la diseminación y aplicación de estos lineamientos políticos orientados a la gestión migratoria. Se evidencia que la OIM es un actor comprometido con establecer el nexo migración-seguridad, promoviendo políticas y sistemas tecnológicos de control migratorio y fronterizo, especialmente, en los países del sur del mundo. Vista previa disponible en https://books.google.de/books?id=jHLWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 - v=onepage&q&f=false ABSTRACT: The idea of orderly migration – introduced in 1953 by the International Organization for Migration – has recently gained further exposure as a result of the 2018 Global Compact for Migration. The aim of this chapter is to review how the IOM has implemented two mechanisms, used to convey orderly migration: technical cooperation for migration and capacity-building, especially in the sectors of migration and border control. Through the analysis of IOM institutional material, the work tracks national cases that – since the early 2000s – have been taken into consideration for both the dissemination and implementation of related policy guidelines related to these mechanisms. The investigation shows that IOM is committed to establish a nexus between migration and security. This is pursued through the promotion of policies and technology systems for migration controls, with a special focus on Southern Hemisphere countries. Preview available on https://books.google.de/books?id=jHLWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 - v=onepage&q&f=false
According to the current migration crisis, implementation of European integrated border management system at national and EU levels becomes contemporary priority of the European Union. It is aimed at effective management of processes... more
According to the current migration crisis, implementation of European integrated border management system at national and EU levels becomes contemporary priority of the European Union. It is aimed at effective management of processes directly related to organization of EU external borders crossing and facing challenges of large scale migration and countering potential threats at these borders. The same, its idea is to contribute to improvement of effectiveness in preventing and combating the phenomena of a cross-border crime and to ensure a high level of internal security in the European Union. To ensure effectiveness of implementation of these objectives, a new formation has been established at the present time – the European Border and Coast Guard. In this article authors analyse system of integrated management of external borders of the European Union and characterize its purpose, organization, structure and powers of this new EU agency-European Border and Coast Guard.
This study offers critical analysis on the role of surveillance technologies in the securitization of migration policies and the impact of such practices on the EU’s international identity. The EU member states have adopted various... more
This study offers critical analysis on the role of surveillance technologies in the securitization of migration policies and the impact of such practices on the EU’s international identity. The EU member states have adopted various technological instruments that have serious consequences both for the course of the EU’s migration policies and its normative international identity. The findings of this research suggest that by securitizing its migration policies through new surveillance technologies, the EU may risk violating its founding norms and principles. These violations are, in turn, likely to have serious political repercussions for the global image and credibility of the EU in the years to come.
Pilot Course – Migration, Border Management and CSDP, ESDC Activity Number 19-20/49/1, Athens, 23 –27 September 2019, hosted by the Center for Security Studies (KEMEA), Thematic CSDP and Migration: Border Management and the Space... more
Pilot Course – Migration, Border Management and CSDP, ESDC Activity Number 19-20/49/1, Athens, 23 –27 September 2019, hosted by the Center for Security Studies (KEMEA), Thematic CSDP and Migration: Border Management and the Space Dimension.
