Brain and cognitive sciences

Cognitive neuroscience has built up a solid scientific literature since about 1990, especially due to revolutionary advances in brain recording techniques, and clarification of the kinds of experimental techniques that bear directly on conscious cognition. We are living in a Golden Age of scientific studies of consciousness (and therefore also unconsciousness, volition, and identity, three classically linked isues).
HOWEVER, the leading edge of reliable discoveries has outrun our ability to keep up. As a result, we keep inventing the same wheel over and over again. We still have no real curriculum in scientific studies of consciousness. This is unfortunate.
This brief set of images is useful for teaching purposes. Sources are either in the public domain, or credited to this author under a Creative Commons license.
Please feel free to use these materials. I will upload more instructional slideshows if you are interested.
Please let me know.

We endorse Cesario's call for more research into the complexities of "real-world" decisions and the comparative power of different causes of group disparities. Unfortunately, these reasonable suggestions are overshadowed by a barrage of non sequiturs, misdirected criticisms of methodology, and unsubstantiated claims about the assumptions and inferences of social psychologists.

In order to address the many issues concerning mental heath, this paper will present material the may be of use to  philosophical, psychological, and neurological professionals in their treatments of patients having metal health issues.  As such it will examine the human life cycle with respect to the professional's belief, love, and hope for themselves as well as their patients.  In doing so it will attempt to address questions encountered at the beginning of life as well as those at life's end.

All humans cannot avoid the inevitable of the beginning of life. Yet the stimuli which propagates the thought  of ending their life begins with Shock.  The evidence of this Shock is noted by the individual's self-talk:  “I never asked to be born. I can not believe this is happening to me!”.  The commonality of all is in the first self talk sentence. So what is a measurement system that would allow one the ability to face the beginning?  From a quantitative perspective an answer may by looking at child in the womb.  Life in the womb is clearly measured by the fetal heart beat.  As such, the fetal heart beat provides the caretakers a  World Knowledge Database (WKD) that life exists.  But what about the creation of life not out of Love?  Specifically the case where the one participant is committed only to self?  This issue will also be addressed.

As in the case of the beginning of life, so to the end of life produces many issues regarding mental health. These belonging to both the person exiting and those loved ones remaining. All humans cannot avoid the inevitable of facing the end of life.  So what is a measurement system that would allow one the ability to face the end?  From a qualitative perspective an answer may by looking at oneself in the mirror.  For it is certainly a measurement device from which one is able to see oneself . How about internally?  From a quantitative  viewpoint the probability of measuring the internal is hindered by the individual human's World Knowledge Database (WKD) accumulated over a lifetime.  By using Rational Reasoning, the human must take on the ability of a coal miner in order to Data Mine this database.  That is possible provided the human has not been stigmatized by events that occurred along the human's journey of life.  The stigmatization effect (PTSD?) is generally noted by the human's inability to discuss past traumatic events outside of a protective environment.

In addition to the affect of external observations obtained form the mirror, the human's internal  WKD must be balanced equally by the human's Belief System (BS). All this is taking place while the WKD is being updated daily via activity in the brain.  This paper will present evidence based measurement information that contrast the philosophical notions of Belief and Knowledge.  In doing so, the paper separates Belief and Knowledge respectively into their spiritual and secular components.  Qualitative measurements of these components will be measured and turned into numbers such that the Rational Reasoning Logic Loop Syndrome inherent in the mental health of old age may be treated. In doing so the mirror model of mental health will be validated.

The foundation for this development is that provided by Salutogenesis. Salutogenesis
is the essence of QMH. The fetal heart starts to beat after 3 weeks and 1 day, on a neural platform, out of the zygotic cellular body. These waves translates into cycles and cycles translate into spirals. As such cardio-mental health seems to be a biocybernetic principle to be implemented via the avenues of education and economics to ensure health of the human.  This will not be possible without acknowledgment of the existence of the spiritual and secular subsystems that are interacting. This paper's intent is to quantify and integrate these subsystems into a composite system which satisfy the notions of stability and optimality. 
In both the “beginning and the end”  it is the hope of the philosopher, psychologist, and neurologist that an optimal solution to Quantifying Mental Health (QMH) may be obtained within the economical, and educational constraints levied upon them..

Keywords: meta, system, physical, spiritual, thought, knowledge, belief, philosophy, psychology, neurology

I grew up in the Philippines. I was there in the 60s. I was there in the 70s. I was an American, and a lot of us were around. Vietnam was not far away, and the American bases of Clark Air Field and Subic Bay were strategic. My parents had little to do with that war. Their “war” was spiritual. They were missionaries.

The discovery of mirror neurons opens new doors for ethnography. By attending to these advancements in cognitive science, ethnographers are provided firmer ground for investigating perceptual and emotional dynamics that are outside the realm of conscious deliberative processes. In this article, we explore these extra-deliberative processes in order to posit a new way to collect, analyze, and present findings. By examining how extra-deliberative dynamics shape action in systematic ways, we endeavor to bring together two aspects of sociological practice that have been assumed to be incompatible: (1) analytic efforts to build general theory and (2) a focus on emotions and other extra-deliberative dynamics. We conclude by suggesting that insights garnered through the analysis of extra-deliberative processes are optimally communicated using emotionally evocative writing.

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new communication medium between the human brain and a digital world. BCI is emerging technology which can be used at every corner. The ambitious goal of a BCI technology can be the restoration of movements, communication, and environmental control for physically challenged people. An Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface will be connected with a system in order to control home application. It offers an alternative to natural communication and control. It is an artificial system that bypasses the body normal communication pathways. Different brain states are the result of different patterns of neural interaction. These patterns lead to waves characterized by different amplitudes and frequencies. Every interaction between neurons creates a minuscule electrical discharge. This project deals with the signals from the brain, as the different brain states are the result of different patterns of neural interaction. The signal generated by brain will be received by the brain wave sensor and it will divide into packets and the packet data transmitted to the wireless medium. The wave measuring unit will receive the brain wave raw data and it will convert into digital signal using MATLAB GUI platform. The interrupt generated will be sent to the microcontroller to operate the modules. The system operates with condition of appliance is based on changing with user's cognitive state.