COMPSTAT

This dissertation traces the rise of digitally-driven policing technologies in order to make sense of how prevailing logics of governance are transformed by ubiquitous computing technology. Beginning in the early 1990s, police departments and theorists began to rely on increasingly detailed sets of metrics to evaluate performance. The adoption of digital technology to streamline quantitative evaluation coincided with a steep decline in measured crime that served as a proof-of-concept for the effectivity of digital police surveillance and analytics systems. During the turbulent first two decades of the 21st century, such digital technologies were increasingly associated with reform projects designed to improve the transparency and accountability of police departments. This dissertation challenges that assertion, and argues that digitization functions to make “numerical” and “mathematical” racial and sexual violence that is internal to policing neoliberal political economy. Rather than transparency and accountability, this dissertation posits that the effect of digitally-driven police technology is the accelerative disentangling of the “human” from “life” and “life” from government. The consequence has been the ossification of a racialized carceral under the aegis of putatively anti-racist technocratic governance.

In the Fall of 2014, Black Lives Matter protests erupted across the United States and the San Francisco Bay Area became the site of nightly demonstrations that deployed a range of disruptive practices and direct actions. The content and style of these protests reflected both the national political issues raised by the Black Lives Matter movement, and highly local and regional struggles over gentrification and displacement. In this article, I analyze these protests in relation to the regional political economy of the tech-industry, the real estate booms, and the attendant 'eviction epidemic' in the region. In doing so, I lay out an analysis of the relationship between policing and gen-trification in the Black Lives Matter protests in the Bay Area. In the first section, I analyze the regional political economy as the context in which these protests must be understood. In a second section, I argue that the protests created a regional protest geography that, in turn, was met by a regionalized repressive security state. Finally, I read the disruptive practices deployed by these protests as a series of complex and sophisticated contestations which embodied connections among policing, gentrification, and the regional political economy. As such, the Black Lives Matter protests produced an intersectional analysis and can be read as a regional uprising aimed to disrupt the security state.

KURUMSAL DEĞİŞİM VE KÜLTÜR İLİŞKİSİ:
COMPSTAT ÖRNEK OLAYI

Özet
Bu makalenin temel amacı popüler bir kurumsal değişim modeli olan Compstat’ın uygulanması sonrasında Newark Polis Departmanında (Amerika’nın Doğu kıyısında büyük bir polis departmanı) yaşanan kültürel değerlerin değişimini anlamaktır. Bu model son 20 yılda ABD merkezli birçok polis biriminde uygulamaya konmuştur. Çalışmanın temel sorusu, bu modelin bu kurumda kültürel değerleri değiştirip değiştirmediği ve algılanan bir değişim varsa bunun nasıl olduğudur? Bu kapsamda, öncelikle kurum kültürü, kurumsal ve kültürel değişim ve bu kavramların ilişkileri üzerine geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bu örnek olay çalışmasında veriler derinlemesine mülakat, doküman analizi ve Compstat toplantılarının gözlemlenmesi ile toplanmış ve tümevarım yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Compstat modelinin bu kurumun polislik yaklaşımını ve yönetim anlayışını değiştirdiğini göstermiştir. Felsefi anlamında yaşanan değişim uygulamada yaşanan değişimden daha fazladır, ancak istenen doğrultuda bir değişim olduğu açıktır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, Compstat toplantılarının yapısı ve dizaynını beyin fırtınası ve öğrenen bir kurum yaratmak için yeniden düzenlenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makale, kültürel değişim sürecini dinamik ve bağlamsal bir yaklaşımla ortaya koyarak alana özgün bir katkı sağlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda, hem polis yöneticilerinin hem de memurların yaklaşımını ortaya koyması ve farklı veri toplama araçlarını kullanması bu çalışmaya değer katmaktadır.   
Anahtar Kelimeler: Planlı kurumsal değişim, kültür, iletişim, Compstat. 

THE RELATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND CULTURE:
COMPSTAT CASE

Abstract
The central purpose of this paper is to understand the change of cultural values in The Newark Police Department (a large police department located in the east coast of the USA) after the implementation of a popular planned organizational change model known as Compstat. This model has been implemented by numerous police organizations in the United States over the last two decades. The main question of this article is whether or not the introduction of Compstat perceived to have changed the cultural values of the organization? If so, how it has changed the cultural values of the Newark Police Department. Within this context, the literature on the organizational culture and change has been presented. Data were collected in this case study through in-depth interviews, documents, and observation of the Compstat meetings, and analyzed using grounded theory. The study revealed that Compstat changed the cultural values of this specific organization in terms of policing approach and management of the police organization. There was a greater ‘change in philosophy’ than ‘change in practice’, but it was clear that there was substantial movement in the intended directions. The findings suggest designing differently the structure and setting of the Compstat meetings in a way to spur brain storming and promote a learning environment. This article extends existing works on cultural change by presenting a dynamic and contextual understanding of the change process; presenting the perspectives of not only police managers but also officers from different ranks and positions; and using alternative data sources.
Keywords: Planned Organizational Change, culture, communication, Compstat

In the Fall of 2014, Black Lives Matter protests erupted across the United States and the San Francisco Bay Area became the site of nightly demonstrations that deployed a range of disruptive practices and direct actions. The content and style of these protests reflected both the national political issues raised by the Black Lives Matter movement, and highly local and regional struggles over gentrification and displacement. In this article, I analyze these protests in relation to the regional political economy of the tech-industry, the real estate booms, and the attendant ‘eviction epidemic’ in the region. In doing so, I lay out an analysis of the relationship between policing and gentrification in the Black Lives Matter protests in the Bay Area. In the first section, I analyze the regional political economy as the context in which these protests must be understood. In a second section, I argue that the protests created a regional protest geography that, in turn, was met by a regiona...

CompStat or Computer Statistics, was first established in 1994 within the New York Police Department to analyze criminal activity, respond to crime, and improve the quality of life in New York City. Today CompStat is still widely used in major police departments and is considered to be an indispensable policing element. It is a tool that offers real-time crime data and allows law enforcement to rapidly identify crime trends and take actions to deter criminal and violent activities. With this innovative program, police officers are able to employ preventive measures that successfully decrease the number of crimes in communities across the United States. CompStat is a performance management system that encourages information-sharing, emphasizes responsibility and accountability, and improves proficiency (O’Donell, 2013).

Like private organizations, public organizations have recently
developed and implemented performance management
systems to provide better service to citizens. Beyond that,
performance management has become the core element within
police organizations to drive organizational performance since
1994 with the development of Compstat. Performance based
management model, Compstat which was developed by
Commissioner William Bratton and his top management team in
the New York Police Department has changed the paradigm in
policing. This important administrative innovation caused
organizational change in policing. Compstat was developed based
on the idea of decentralization and accountability to provide
security and to reduce crime. As an administrative innovation,
Compstat has spread so quickly to police departments not only
across the country but also to overseas. In this article, after
examing the Compstat process and impacts, some suggestions are
provided for the managers of Turkish National Police Department.

DIVCLUS-T is a descendant hierarchical clustering algorithm based on a monothetic bipartitional approach allowing the dendrogram of the hierarchy to be read as a decision tree. We propose in this paper a new version of this method called C-DIVCLUS-T which is able to take contiguity constraints into account. We apply C-DIVCLUS-T to hydrological areas described by agricultural and environ- mental

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of blockmodeling to Web data (log files), in order to obtain clusters of units (visited pages) which have similar patterns of relationships and to interpret the pattern of relationships among clusters. Doing this we can study the behaviour of the users (sessions) according to the relations among the visited pages.

This text shows possibilities how basic facts of mathematics of finance can be introduced at school level by using e-stat. The basic facts ground on the discrete option pricing theory in the one-period binomial-tree-model. A simple numerical example is used to explain the term of "arbitrage" and its importance to financial mathematics. The example leads into two interactive Java-applets which