Model-Based Testing

This paper describes a process to reverse engineer structural and behavioural formal models of a GUI application by a dynamic technique, mixing manual with automatic exploration. The goal is to diminish the effort required to construct the model and mapping information needed in a model-based GUI testing process. A skeleton of a state machine model of the GUI, represented in a formal pre/post specification language, is generated automatically by the exploration process. Mapping information between the model and the ...

This paper provides an overview of Model-Based Testing (MBT) and its activities. A classiflcation of MBT based on difierent criteria is also presented. Furthermore, several di‐culties of MBT are highlighted in this paper. A survey that provides a detailed description of how MBT is efiective in testing difierent quality attributes of distributed systems such as security, performance, reliability, and correctness is given. A comparison between difierent MBT tools based on the classiflcation is also given at the end of this paper.

Özet-Bu makale, model tabanlı test konusuna genel bir bakış sunmaktadır. Model tabanlı test süreci açıklanmış olup, her aşamada mevcut adımlar dikkate alınmıştır. Süreci desteklemek için gerekli farklı araç türleri ve destekledikleri standartlarla birlikte listelenen örnek araçlar açıklanmaktadır. Bu yazıda yer alan açıklamalar fonksiyonel testlerle sınırlıdır, çünkü model tabanlı test diğer alanlarda daha az olgunlaşmıştır.Ayrıca bu yazıda incelenen faktörler: model tabanlı test, adımlar, seviyeler, yöntemler MTT(Model Tabanlı Test)'yi etkileyen araçlar ve Model tabanlı testlerin yazılım kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi açıklanmıştır. Abstract-This paper gives an overview to the topic of model-based testing. The model based testing process is described, and the steps available at each stage are considered. The different types of tool necessary to support the process are explained and example tools listed along with the standards they support. The discussion in this paper is limited to functional testing, because model-based testing is less mature in other areas. Also, In this paper following factors are analyzed: Model Based Testing, Steps, Levels, Methods Tools that affect MBT and model based testing's effect over software quality.

The development of large software systems is a complex and error prone process. Faults can occur at any development stage and they shall be identified and removed as early as possible to stop their propagation and reduce verification cost. Quality engineers must be involved in the development process since the very early phases to identifying the required qualities and estimate their impact on the development process. Their task span over the whole development cycle and goes beyond the product deployment through ...

Fastest is a model-based testing tool for the Z notation providing an almost automatic implementation of the Test Template Framework. The core of this document is an example showing how to use Fastest to automatically derive abstract test cases from a Z specification.

The development of large software systems is a complex and error prone process. Faults can occur at any development stage and they shall be identified and removed as early as possible to stop their propagation and reduce verification cost. Quality engineers must be involved in the development process since the very early phases to identifying the required qualities and estimate their impact on the development process. Their task span over the whole development cycle and goes beyond the product deployment through ...

This chapter introduces recent developments in fault diagnostics of induction motors (IMs), by providing theoretical, simulative, and experimental results along with a number of implementation-related practical considerations and guidelines. Remarkably, methods for IM fault detection in both steady-state and transient operating conditions will be outlined. The chapter is structured as follows: Section 14.2 is a short introduction in which the more common faults of IM are concisely described as well as their causes, consequences, and symptoms. Section 14.3 introduces an example of model-based approach
for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in IMs based on dynamical observers. Sections 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, and 14.9 deal with diagnostic techniques based on signal analysis approaches; in all of these approaches the stator current is used as diagnostic signal; stator
current is the most used diagnostic signal in the industrial applications, since it enables for noninvasive diagnostic and does not require the use of additional probes. Sections 14.4 and 14.5 are dedicated to signal analysis techniques valid for steady-state operation; these methods, commonly designated as motor current signature analysis (MCSA) include the conventional Fourier transform (FT) approaches, and the more recently developed Hilbert-transform (HT)-based approaches. Today, the steady-state-based techniques are the most spread in the industrial environment; nevertheless, they cannot be used in some
important applications—for example, wind generators or electrical vehicles—in which the functioning conditions continuously vary. Thus, in Sections 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, and 14.9, state-of-the-art approaches based on time-frequency analysis tools, which enable for diagnostic in transient conditions are introduced. In these sections, the basis and practical remarks for the application to IM diagnostic of time-frequency analysis tools are given; the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), in Section 14.6, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), in Section 14.7, the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), in Section 14.8, and the instantaneous frequency (IF) approach, in Section 14.9, will be described along with their experimental verification.

Measurements of the inertia parameters of a keelboat hull using a bifilar suspension are described. Bifilar yaw moment measurement normally entails accurate measurement of the length l and spacing 2d of the suspension, and of Ty the period of pure yaw oscillation. The primary difficulty with a bifilar suspension is avoiding unwanted modes of oscillation, specifically sway when measuring yaw. However, for an athwartships suspension the sway motion is that of a simple pendulum of period Ts and observation of the combined motion allows the yaw gyradius  to be determined as ky = (Ty/Ts)d. Thus only the ratio of the periods and the suspension spacing need be measured.
Measurements of the normal mode periods of the double pendulum motion when the hull is displaced in surge allows the pitch gyradius and the height of the center of mass to be determined.
Repeating yaw measurements with the hull tilted, and then with the bifilar suspension fore and aft allows all the elements of the inertia tensor of a symmetrical hull to be measured.

Software testing is one of the most widely used methods for quality assurance and fault detection purposes. However, it is one of the most expensive, tedious and time consuming activities in software development life cycle. Code-based and specification-based testing has been going on for almost four decades. Model-based testing (MBT) is a relatively new approach to software testing where the

Abstract. Model-Based Testing (MBT) has lately gained increased popularity due to the benefits that it provides in terms of automation of the test generation process. There are several tools capable of applying MBT using behavioral models of the system under test (SUT). However, as complex systems are specified using different perspectives, like architecture, data, behavior, which benefit from proper tool support especially in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) community, there is a gap between the graphical capabilities ...

A series of self-propulsion tests of a catamaran design at medium-speeds is proposed to study the influence of the hydrodynamics at medium-speeds on the waterjet propulsors. These model tests will be carried out using a load-varied self-propulsion testing technique in calm water. Due to size requirements of the model, a single demihull is to be utilised in close proximity to the side wall of the towing tank which acts as the plane of symmetry, reflecting waves generated by the demihull and therefore providing the acceptable blockage effects and wave interference for the second demihull. NOMENCLATURE C r Residual resistant coefficient F rl Froude length number F rh Froude depth number Mass flow rate p s Total pressure at station s T G Gross thrust u s Jet velocity at station s

Functional validation of microprocessors is growing in complexity in current and future microprocessors. Traditionally, the different components (or validation collaterals) used in simulation based validation, like simulators and test generators, to validate the system, architecture, microcode, and RTL abstractions of the processor, were manually derived from the specification document. The incomplete informal specification document along with manual translation introduces inconsistency and bugs in the validation ...

Context: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become the de facto standard for software modeling. UML models are often used to visualize, understand, and communicate the structure and behavior of a system. UML activity diagrams (ADs) are often used to elaborate and visualize individual use cases. Due to their higher level of abstraction and process-oriented perspective, UML ADs are also highly suitable for model-based test generation. In the last two decades, different researchers have used UML ADs for test generation. Despite the growing use of UML ADs for model-based testing, there are currently no comprehensive and unbiased studies on the topic. Objective: To present a comprehensive and unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art on model-based testing using UML ADs. Method: We review and structure the current body of knowledge on model-based testing using UML ADs by performing a systematic mapping study using well-known guidelines. We pose nine research questions, outline our selection criteria, and develop a classification scheme. Results: The results comprise 41 primary studies analyzed against nine research questions. We also highlight the current trends and research gaps in model-based testing using UML ADs and discuss some shortcomings for researchers and practitioners working in this area. The results show that the existing approaches on model-based testing using UML ADs tend to rely on intermediate formats and formalisms for model verification and test generation, employ a multitude of graph-based coverage criteria, and use graph search algorithms. Conclusion: We present a comprehensive overview of the existing approaches on model-based testing using UML ADs. We conclude that (1) UML ADs are not being used for non-functional testing, (2) only a few approaches have been validated against realistic, industrial case studies, (3) most approaches target very restricted application domains, and (4) there is currently a clear lack of holistic approaches for model-based testing using UML ADs.

A series of self-propulsion tests of a catamaran design at medium-speeds is proposed to study the influence of the hydrodynamics at medium-speeds on the waterjet propulsors. These model tests will be carried out using a load-varied self-propulsion testing technique in calm water. Due to size requirements of the model, a single demihull is to be utilised in close proximity to the side wall of the towing tank which acts as the plane of symmetry, reflecting waves generated by the demihull and therefore providing the acceptable blockage effects and wave interference for the second demihull. NOMENCLATURE C r Residual resistant coefficient F rl Froude length number F rh Froude depth number Mass flow rate p s Total pressure at station s T G Gross thrust u s Jet velocity at station s

INPUT PARAMETER MODELING FOR COMBINATION STRATEGIES Mats Grindal School of Humanities and Informatics University of Sk¨ovde Sweden email: mats.grindal@his.se Jeff Offutt Information and Software Engineering George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030, USA email: offutt@ise.gmu.edu ABSTRACT Combination strategies are test methods that generate test cases based on input parameter models. This paper suggests a structured ...

Security issues of web applications are still a current topic of interest especially when considering the consequences of unintended behaviour. Such services might handle sensitive data about several thousands or millions of users. Hence, exploiting services or other undesired effects that cause harm on users has to be avoided. Therefore, for software developers of such applications one of the major tasks in providing security is to embed testing methodologies into the software development cycle, thus minimizing the subsequent damage resulting in debugging and time intensive upgrading. Model-based testing evolved as one of the methodologies which offer several theoretical and practical approaches in testing the system under test (SUT) that combine several input generation strategies like mutation testing, using of concrete and symbolic execution etc. by putting the emphasis on specification of the model of an application. In this work we propose an approach that makes use of an attack pattern model in form of a UML state machine for test case generation and execution. The paper also discusses the current implementation of our attack pattern testing tool using a XSS attack pattern and demonstrates the execution in a case study. Index Terms-Attack pattern model, cross-site scripting, model-based testing, security testing.

We describe the tools and interfaces created by the AGEDIS project, a European Commission sponsored project for the creation of a methodology and tools for automated model driven test generation and execution for distributed systems. The project includes an integrated environment for modeling, test generation, test execution, and other test related activities. The tools support a UML based testing methodology that features a large degree of automation and also includes a feedback loop integrating coverage and defect analysis tools with the test generator and execution framework.

An ever-growing number of IBMs have been developed by modellers, who aim to aid practitioners and inform a range of issues related to conservation, natural resource management, wildlife management and human socio-economic activities. The range of practitioners using IBMs to inform their decision-making processes include statutary authorities with responsibilities in environmental and natural resource management, non-governmental organizations such as conservation charities, and those interested in the sustainable use of natural resources. Thanks to advances in computational power, data availability and ecological theory, increasingly complicated, sophisticated IBMs can be produced. Yet this does not mean that these models will be more useful in informing environmental decision-making. IBMs typically require specialist computational knowledge to build and refine the model, and analyse the model outputs, and so practitioners are unlikely to have the requisite skills to use IBMs directly. Conversely, practitioners may have greater knowledge of the system being modelled, so their input into the modelling process is highly desirable. Thus, it is important that modellers and practitioners collaborate effectively to develop models which can address the key questions that practitioners are interested in. In this paper we highlight the uses of IBMs in environmental decision-making, identify potential obstacles to their successful use, and discuss how such obstacles can be overcome. We aim to help practitioners understand the potential benefits of IBMs, and to help modellers to understand how to develop IBMs which will better aid practitioners and inform environmental management and policy. We refer to a coastal bird IBM case study, from which general lessons can be learned.

Context: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become the de facto standard for software modeling. UML models are often used to visualize, understand, and communicate the structure and behavior of a system. UML activity diagrams (ADs) are often used to elaborate and visualize individual use cases. Due to their higher level of abstraction and process-oriented perspective, UML ADs are also highly suitable for model-based test generation. In the last two decades, different researchers have used UML ADs for test generation. Despite the growing use of UML ADs for model-based testing, there are currently no comprehensive and unbiased studies on the topic. Objective: To present a comprehensive and unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art on model-based testing using UML ADs. Method: We review and structure the current body of knowledge on model-based testing using UML ADs by performing a systematic mapping study using well-known guidelines. We pose nine research questions, outline our s...

With the advent of WWW and outburst in technology and software development, testing the software became a major concern. Due to the importance of the testing phase in a software development lifecycle, testing has been divided into graphical user interface (GUI) based testing, logical testing, integration testing, etc.GUI Testing has become very important as it provides more sophisticated way to interact with the software. The complexity of testing GUI increased over time. The testing needs to be performed in a way that it provides effectiveness, efficiency, increased fault detection rate and good path coverage. To cover all use cases and to provide testing for all possible (success/failure) scenarios the length of the test sequence is considered important. Intent of this paper is to study some techniques used for test case generation and process for various GUI based software applications.