Z Notation
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Recent papers in Z Notation
Online material for a Z course based on the book by the author. This includes slides for some chapters and the exercises. Updated in July 1998 with minor corrections and improved formatting.
This report gives an overview of the work performed by the Programming Research Group as part of the European collaborative ESPRIT II REDO project (no. 2487). This work covered the areas of reverse-engineering: redocumentation and... more
"Formal methods aim to apply mathematically-based techniques to the development of computer-based systems, especially at the specification level, but also down to the implementation level. This aids early detection and avoidance of errors... more
Fastest is a model-based testing tool for the Z notation providing an almost automatic implementation of the Test Template Framework. The core of this document is an example showing how to use Fastest to automatically derive abstract test... more
A personal archive of material related to formal methods has been deposited at Swansea University by the author in 2018. This paper documents the contents of the archive and includes associated publications. The archival material forms... more
In a number of recent presentations – most notably at FME’961 – one of the foremost scientists in the field of formal methods, C.A.R. Hoare, has highlighted the fact that formal methods are not the only technique for producing reliable... more
This paper describes an approach to the formalization of existing criteria used in computer systems software testing and proposes a new Reinforced Condition/Decision Coverage (RC/DC) criterion. This new criterion has been developed from... more
Just over a decade ago, a paper Ten Commandments of Formal Methods, suggested some guidelines to help ensure the success of a formal methods project. It proposed ten important requirements (or “commandments”) for formal developers to... more
Window management systems are now used extensively for user interfaces to computer systems. In particular, X11 has come to dominate the workstation market as a widely accepted industry standard on many different hardware platforms.... more
Online communities have increased in size and importance dramatically over the last decade. The fact that many communities are online means that it is possible to extract information about these communities and the connections between... more
The specification language Z is used to define a microprocessor based system in a formal notation. The Motorola 6800 8-bit microprocessor is chosen as an example. Its simplicity allows the entire instruction set to be covered. Memory... more
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed and peer-reviewed outcome of the Formal Methods and Testing (FORTEST) network - formed as a network established under UK EPSRC funding that investigated the relationships between formal (and... more
Oral History of Sir Antony Hoare.
Interviewed by: Jonathan P. Bowen.
Recorded: September 8, 2006, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CHM Reference number: X3698.2007.
© 2006 Computer History Museum, USA.
Interviewed by: Jonathan P. Bowen.
Recorded: September 8, 2006, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CHM Reference number: X3698.2007.
© 2006 Computer History Museum, USA.
A simple text processing tool which allows positioning of lines within a document is presented using the formal specification language Z. Implementation details such as the use of tab characters and newline sequences are covered. The... more
This paper describes an approach to formalization of criteria of complex computer systems software testing. A brief review of control-flow criteria is introduced.As a formal language for describing the criteria, the Z notation is selected.... more
Formal methods and testing are two important approaches that assist in the development of high-quality software. While traditionally these approaches have been seen as rivals, in recent years a new consensus has developed in which they... more
Two collaborative projects, the European ESPRIT BRA ProCoS project and the UK IED safemos project, are currently investigating methods to prove software and hardware systems correct at a number of different levels of abstraction. Both... more
This appendix provides some details on how to access information on Z, particularly electronically. It has been generated from a message that is updated and sent out monthly on international computer networks. This on-line information is... more
Window management systems are now used extensively for user interfaces to computer systems. Part I of this monograph introduces some of the fundamental ideas in window systems using a formal notation. Part II outlines three real systems... more
From the Publisher: Introduces developers to Z notation, a formal specification methodology that can dramatically improve the way software systems are modeled and implemented.Covers the role of formal specification in software... more
Introduces developers to Z notation, a formal specification methodology that can dramatically improve the way software systems are modeled and implemented.Covers the role of formal specification in software engineering, and presents an... more
This paper describes a systematic way of constructing correct prototypes in a functional language such as Miranda or Haskell from Z specifications. A formal relationship between Z specifications and functional prototypes is established.... more
This paper presents a fuzzy logic framework for evaluating formalisms applicable to specifying electronic commerce systems. We present an evaluation of the Z notation, Unified Modelling Language (UML), statecharts, Petri nets, and finite... more
A notation for probabilities is proposed that difiers from the tradi- tional, conventional notation by making explicit the domains and bound variables involved. The notation borrows from the Z notation, and lends itself well to... more
Z has become recognized as a very effective formal specification language in improving the quality of software ware and ensuring the cost-effectiveness of the development process. This paper presents part of a case study of Z notations,... more
A formal specification, written in a mathematical notation, is beyond the comprehension of the average software customer. As a result, the customer cannot provide useful feedback regarding its correctness and completeness. To address this... more
In this paper we demonstrate a potential extension of formal verification methodology in order to deal with time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits whose dynamic behavior is described by differential algebraic... more
This paper describes a systematic way of constructing correct prototypes in a functional language such as Miranda or Haskell from Z specifications. A formal relationship between Z specifications and functional prototypes is established.... more