Capsule

The plane has become a convenient method of transportation. The main idea of aviation in the 21st century is the safety of passengers and crew, but the human is always inclined towards comfort. The structural and parametric analysis of the long-haul aircraft development made it possible to form the concept of the fuselage layout with capsule accommodation of passengers. By adding the third axis to the dimension of the aircraft expressed in take-off mass, it clearly showed the ultimate dimension of the aircraft, expressed by modern infrastructural constraints. The histogram of the distribution of flights between the largest airports in the world that can operate with long-haul aircraft was showed. The distribution of large airports was characterised by the demographic factor. The proposed variant of the capsule accommodation, designed for the Boeing 777-200LR, can be installed in other passenger airliners with a ceiling height of at least 2.1 m.Analysis of alternative options for the layout of thepassenger compartment allows us to state: with a flight range of more than 8 hours, the flight is comfortable only in business or first classes. The proposed two-story capsule placement allows providing the layout with first-class seats in a given cabin.

In this study we evaluate a system for preoperative stratification to assess the risk of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in patients undergoing cataract surgery by extra capsular extraction of the crystalline at the teaching hospital of the Medical School of the National University of Asunción between January 2003 and august 2005. One thousand cases of extra capsular extraction of the crystalline were retrospectively analyzed for preoperative risk factors. Based on the established stratification system, patients were classified into three risk groups and the frequency of PCR was compared among the groups. In the high risk group the frequency of PCR was compared according to the surgeon experience. The total frequency of PCR alone was 12% and with vitreous loss 8.4%. The frequency of PCR was 33.3% in the high risk group, 16.6% and 3.7% in the moderate and low risk group, respectively (p<0.01). This preoperative stratification system is sensitive enough to categorize patients accor...

This experimental investigation concerns the hydraulic transport of a spherical capsule train, whose density is equal to that of water (relative density; s=1), in horizontal pipes. In a system where the carrier fluid is water, pressure drops of two phase flow and capsule velocities were measured at 0.2–1.0 m/s bulk velocities and 5–20% capsule transport concentrations. The results found were compared with the pressure gradient (pressure drops per unit length) ratios ((ΔP/L)m/(ΔP/L)w) measured for less dense capsules. The capsule velocity and the velocity ratio (Vc/Vb) increased with increasing the bulk velocity. As concentration increases, the pressure gradient of the capsule-water mixture increases. For all concentrations, the pressure gradient ratio decreases (getting closer to 1) with increasing bulk velocity. This result is similar to that of capsules with less relative density. However, the pressure gradient ratio of the capsule flow with less density is higher than that of cap...

The purpose of this in vivo study was to analyze the short-term tissue response of joint capsule to monopolar radiofrequency energy and to compare the effects of five power settings at 65°C on heat distribution in joint capsule. In 12 mature Hampshire sheep, the medial and lateral aspects of both stifles were treated with monopolar radiofrequency energy under arthroscopic control in a single uniform pass to the synovial surface. The radiofrequency generator power settings were 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 watts (N 8/group). The electrode tip temperature was 65°C. Histologic analysis at 7 days after surgery revealed thermal damage of capsule at all radiofrequency power settings. The lesion's cross-sectional area, depth, vascularity, and inflammation were commensurate with radiofrequency power. Tissue damage was indicated by variable inflammatory cell infiltration, fusion of collagen, pyknosis of fibroblasts, myonecrosis, and vascular thrombosis, whereas synovial hyperplasia, fibrobl...

Silicone implants are frequently used for breast augmentation and reconstruction. However, late complication, such as capsular contracture, remain the most important side effect. In this study we compare different methods for reducing the inflammatory reaction around the silicone implant by introducing one microtextured breast implant in wistar rats. The rats were dividing in 4 groups: the first one was the control group that received untreated implant; in the second we used silicone implants impregnated with rifampin solution, the third one had implant combined with intramuscular dexamethasone injection and the last one had silicone implant associated with autologous centrifuged fat introduced in the implant pocket. The implants and the capsular tissue surrounding were removed after eight weeks. Capsule samples were submitted to histological evaluations. The present study demonstrated that fat grafting may have a role in reducing and preventing capsular contractures after breast au...

The Cronobacter genus is composed of seven species, within which a number of pathovars have been described. The most notable infections by Cronobacter spp. are of infants through the consumption of contaminated infant formula. The description of the genus has greatly improved in recent years through DNA sequencing techniques, and this has led to a robust means of identification. However some species are highly clonal and this limits the ability to discriminate between unrelated strains by some methods of genotyping. This article updates the application of three genotyping methods across the Cronobacter genus. The three genotyping methods were multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular profiling of the K-antigen and colanic acid (CA) biosynthesis regions, and CRISPR-cas array profiling. A total of 1654 MLST profiled and 286 whole genome sequenced strains, available by open access at the PubMLST Cronobacter database, were used this analysis. The predominance of C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus in clinical infections was confirmed. The majority of clinical strains being in the C. sakazakii clonal complexes (CC) 1 and 4, sequence types (ST) 8 and 12 and C. malonaticus ST7. The capsular profile K2:CA2, previously proposed as being strongly associated with C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus isolates from severe neonatal infections, was also found in C. turicensis, C. dublinensis and C. universalis. The majority of CRISPR-cas types across the genus was the I-E (Ecoli) type. Some strains of C. dublinensis and C. muytjensii encoded the IF (Ypseudo) type, and others lacked the cas gene loci. The significance of the expanding profiling will be of benefit to researchers as well as governmental and industrial risk assessors.