Causal Model

Masalah utama yang diidentifikasi adalah masalah status gizi bayi bawah lima tahun
(Balita). Status gizi balita merupakan indikator yang sensitif sebagai penentu status gizi
masyarakat dan juga dapat mengidentifikasi kerawanan pangan rumah tangga. Stunting
merupakan status gizi yang disebabkan malgizi kronik, sehingga stunting balita bisa menjadi
indikator kunci dari kesehatan ibu dan anak (WHO, 2012) dan ketersediaan pangan
masyarakat. Penyebab masalah dari stunting balita, dan program gizi serta kegiatan untuk
menurunkan angka kejadian stunting dibuat dalam bentuk causal model dan HIPPOPOC
table.

Two methodological steps in the study of peoples' concerns are elicitation and classification. Elicitation of concerns through analytical methods such as surveys can be supplemented with techniques that perform more diversively. We present two examples of how this can be ...

The Recursive Bayesian Net (RBN) formalism was originally developed for modelling nested causal relationships. In this paper we argue that the formalism can also be applied to modelling the hierarchical structure of mechanisms. The resulting network contains quantitative information about probabilities, as well as qualitative information about mechanistic structure and causal relations. Since information about probabilities, mechanisms and causal relations is vital for prediction, explanation and control respectively, an RBN can be applied to all these tasks. We show in particular how a simple two-level RBN can be used to model a mechanism in cancer science. The higher level of our model contains variables at the clinical level, while the lower level maps the structure of the cell's mechanism for apoptosis.

The Recursive Bayesian Net (RBN) formalism was originally developed for modelling nested causal relationships. In this paper we argue that the formalism can also be applied to modelling the hierarchical structure of mechanisms. The resulting network contains quantitative information about probabilities, as well as qualitative information about mechanistic structure and causal relations. Since information about probabilities, mechanisms and causal relations is vital for prediction, explanation and control respectively, an RBN can be applied to all these tasks. We show in particular how a simple two-level RBN can be used to model a mechanism in cancer science. The higher level of our model contains variables at the clinical level, while the lower level maps the structure of the cell’s

... of the Big Five traits, is the quantity and intensity of a subject's interpersonal reactions, emotional expressiveness, and ... Automatic recognition of personality in conversation. ... F., and Walker, M. 2006b.Words mark the nerds: Computational models of personality recognition through ...

We present a precise definition of cause and effect in terms of a fundamental notion called unresponsiveness. Our definition is based on Savage's (1954) formulation of decision theory and departs from the traditional view of causation in that our causal assertions are made relative to a set of decisions. An important consequence of this departure is that we can reason about cause locally, not requiring a causal explanation for every dependency. Such local reasoning can be beneficial because it may not be necessary to determine whether a particular dependency is causal to make a decision. Also in this paper, we examine the graphical encoding of causal relationships. We show that influence diagrams in canonical form are an accurate and efficient representation of causal relationships. In addition, we establish a correspondence between canonical form and Pearl's causal theory.

Can something be done? The concern about environmental pollution in public policy and public opinion in the USA originates, according to former Vice President Al Gore, with the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962). Its publication made everyone aware of the negative effect of pesticides (DDT) on agricultural production. The environmental movement in Europe got off the ground with The Limits to Growth (1972), the report of the Club of Rome. Concern with the natural environment is nothing new. It dates back to seventeenth-century air pollution in London and to Thomas Malthus's warnings in the eighteenth century about the negative effects of population growth. However, there is an important difference between early and modern concerns. In the early days the public had no influence on the decisions of the political elite in handling environmental affairs. Nowadays, what politicians and policymakers propose or decide is closely followed by public opinion. The publication of Silent Spring created a shock effect in the USA. As a result DDT was banned and laws protecting clean air, land and water were introduced. The notion of limits to growth of the Club of Rome created a political climate that made environmental politics and policy both possible and necessary. Since 1972, many other studies have been published on the ozone layer, global warming and the greenhouse effect, and the irreversible decline of biodiversity. But no report has yet been able to match the impact of Silent Spring or The Limits to Growth .

Cette recherche apporte de nouveaux résultats allant dans le sens de politiques de rémunération adaptées aux populations concernées pour les cadres et les non-cadres, conformément aux principes de la segmentation sociale. Sous certaines conditions, la ...

Little is known about the influence of language background in problem-based learning (PBL) tutorial groups on group processes and students’ academic achievement. This study investigated the relationship between language background, secondary school score, tutorial group processes, and students’ academic achievement in PBL. A validated tutorial group effectiveness questionnaire was administered to undergraduate medical students in a PBL curriculum at the