Coal Mining

China’s dazzling infrastructure and energy-driven Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a US$1 trillion investment across Eurasia and beyond, has lost its shine. Increasingly, China’s leveraging of the initiative is being perceived by a growing number of recipients and critics alike as a geopolitical power play, a tool to shape a new world order partly populated by autocrats and authoritarians, and progressively characterized by intrusive surveillance, potential debt traps, and perceived as a self-serving way to address domestic overcapacity

Tematyka problemów telekomunikacji w górnictwie podziemnym rozumiana jako: nadawanie, przesyłanie oraz odbiór informacji jakiejkolwiek natury (głosu, znaków, sygnałów, obrazów czy dźwięków) drogą przewodową, radiową czy optyczną jest poruszana na sesjach największej konferencji środowiska górniczego w Polsce: Szkole Eksploatacji Podziemnej już od kilkunastu lat.

Początkowo były to referaty poświęcone głównie zagadnieniom telekomunikacyjnych systemów bezpieczeństwa pracujących w
kopalniach, w tym w szczególności systemom łączności i alarmowania załogi, gazometrii, łączności radiowej, sejsmometrii i lokalizacji zasypanych górników. W miarę rozwoju systemów telekomunikacyjnych i wprowadzania do kopalń coraz to nowszych technologii telekomunikacyjnych pojawiały się referaty dotyczące iskrobezpiecznych systemów łączności ogólnozakładowej, łączności stosowanej w czasie prowadzenia akcji ratowniczych, systemów łączności dyspozytorskiej
i radiowej, szczególnie z wykorzystaniem kabla promieniującego.

Tak ważna problematyka sprawiła, że od kilku lat jedna z Sesji Szkoły Eksploatacji Podziemnej, organizowana wspólnie z pracownikami Zespołu Atestacji Katedry Elektryfikacji i Automatyzacji Górnictwa Politechniki Śląskiej, jest poświęcona systemom telekomunikacyjnym eksploatowanym w kopalniach, w tym w szczególności systemom monitorowania procesów technologicznych.

Tematyka ta jest szczególnie aktualna w kontekście tworzenia dyspozytorni energomechanicznych, czyli stanowisk obserwacyjnych podstawowych maszyn i urządzeń górniczych eksploatowanych w kopalniach. Początkowym ograniczeniem w rozwoju tych systemów był słaby rozwój kopalnianych systemów teletransmisyjnych. Technika światłowodowa w wykonaniu przeciwwybuchowym bezpiecznym optycznie (najczęściej z cechą „op is”) oraz pokonanie problemów
technicznych związanych z naprawią włókien światłowodowych w wyrobiskach podziemnych umożliwiły również szybki rozwój i tego rodzaju usług telekomunikacyjnych.
Stoimy przed specyficznymi problemami (ograniczeniami) jakie stwarza środowisko techniczne podziemi kopalń. Do najważniejszych należy zaliczyć:
- konieczność stosowania urządzeń elektrycznych (telekomunikacyjnych) budowy przeciwwybuchowej, a w kopalniach niemetanowych o stopniu ochrony obudowy min IP54,
- nietypowa struktura wyrobisk objawiająca się małymi (kilkumetrowe) wy-
miarami porzecznymi, w stosunku do ich bardzo dużych (kilometrowych)
wymiarów podłużnych,
- duże nagromadzenie (w ograniczonych przestrzeniach) sieci i urządzeń elektroenergetycznych o bardzo dużych mocach,
- ograniczona ciągłość (pewność) zasilania urządzeń telekomunikacyjnych z sieci elektroenergetycznych, powodowana między innymi nieplanowanymi włączeniami, wywołanymi najczęściej zadziałaniem zabezpieczeń elektroenergetycznych czy metanometrycznych.

Zainteresowanie tą problematyką w czasie obrad każdej Szkoły Eksploatacji Podziemnej jest ogromne, o czym świadczy ilości referatów nadsyłanych na tą sesję i ożywione dyskusje prowadzone w czasie ich prezentowania. To spowodowało, że zagadnieniom monitoringu w procesie eksploatacji złóż jest poświęcona druga już publikacja Szkoły Eksploatacji Podziemnej. W publikacji tej zebrano przede wszystkim referaty poruszające zagadnienia monitoringu technologicznego w kopalniach podziemnych.
Zebrane referaty stanowią podsumowanie jednej z najważniejszych sesji Szkoły Eksploatacji Podziemnej, pt.: Monitoring, sterowanie i wizualizacja procesów podziemnej eksploatacji złóż z lat 2011-2014, które od kilku lat z satysfakcją organizujemy.

Wierzymy, że ta sesja podobnie jak niniejsza MONOGRAFIA będzie cieszyła się tak dużym zainteresowaniem, jak dotychczas również i w przyszłości..

Abstract Oxygen has long been recognized as a control on the acid-generating reactions which produce acid mine drainage, and great effort has been made to reduce oxygen recharge to mine spoil. To investigate O2 availability and the role of thermal convection in ...

The Water Framework Directive is the overarching driver for water quality in Europe and its implementation in the UK is critical to how we view minewater pollution. Its basic tenet is that we achieve good chemical or ecological status in all of our water bodies. The Environment Agency, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, and the Coal Authority work together to

The present study is to assess the main causes of illness in the coal mining areas and to study the impact of pollution due to coal mining on human health. India is a tropical country which is zasa rich in mineral resources. Coal is one the main mineral resource of India. India is one of five countries with largest coal reserves. Largest amount in our GDP is contributed by coal. Many industries like iron and steel company, power sector, Cement Company and may other industries are dependent on coal. Coal sector plays an important role in electricity generation in our country. But on the other side its adverse effect on human health and environment has also become a main concern of our country. Environmental and health hazards due to air and water borne pollution of coal mining is making our lives miserable.

Evidence regarding the extent of mental health problems and the associated characteristics within an employee population is necessary to inform appropriate and tailored workplace mental health programs. Mental health within male dominated industries (such as mining) has received recent public attention, chiefly through observations regarding suicide in such populations in Australia and internationally. Currently there is limited empirical evidence regarding the mental health needs in the mining industry as an exemplar of a male dominated workforce, and the relative contribution to such problems of individual, socio-economic and workplace factors. This study aimed to investigate the mental health and associated characteristics among employees in the Australian coal mining industry with a specific focus on identifying modifiable work characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted among employees (n = 1457) across eight coal mines stratified by key mine characteristics (state, ...

The present article is based on the assessment of economic valuation of coal mining in the rural areas of Dhanbad and Hazaribagh District of Jharkhand.  The study is based on the valuation of loss of health in the area of study due to mining. The data have been collected from total of 100 households from four mining villages and 50 households from two non-mining (control) villages. The approach that has been used is Cost of illness (COI) approach to analyse the health impact of mining. On the basis of various evidences collected from various documents and reports, various interviews carried out with coal mining officials, doctors interviews based in the hospitals of coal mining areas, field observations of the area of study and interviews held with government department officials. It was found that villages falling into various mining areas were witnessing various health hazards as compared to the villages found in non-mining areas of Dhanbad and Hazaribagh District of Jharkhand. This article is based on various policy framework which are focussing on dealing with the problem of health occurring in the mining areas being considered as negative externality.

El 17 de febrer de 1911 es constituí la SA Carbones de Berga amb José E de Olano y Loyzaga (1858- 1934), comte de Fígols des de 1908, com a principal accionista. El document, juntament amb el plànol de la finca Capdevila a escala 1:1000, realitzat pel topògraf Juan Cabeza, i I' edició d'un magnífic àlbum amb fotografies de les instal·lacions industrials, són les fonts primàries per conèixer les colònies mineres el 1911.

The article examines a series of conflicts between coal miners and the Rio Grande do Sul mining companies in 1943, all of which were related to pressure to enforce laws. These conflicts had direct legal consequences, indicating that labor activists chose a political and legal strategy as a means of ensuring labor rights. This strategy combined apparent confidence in and support for the Getulio Vargas administration, as well as great joy with and praise for the creation of the Labor Court, associated with strong pressure for the implementation of social legislation and the active use of legal instruments.

Slope stability at open pit mining system for safety and economics element is critical issue with employees and equipment damage due to danger of slope failure at the mining environment. Commonly uncertainty on slope stability analysis consist of physical properties, mass movement, and structural geology. Slope stability monitoring with mass movement (displacement) considered to determine the stability of slope wall. Measurable real-time data monitoring provided to reduce risk of unstable slope wall involved with employees, equipment, and economics at the mining environmental. Slope Stability Radar as a monitoring instrument used in several of indonesian open pit mining. Accuration, realibilitation, intensity of SSR monitoring considered very realible to represent " real deformation " of slope wall. On Slope stability Radar data analysis, trend of graphics behaviour is " the key " of monitoring. Combined of trend deformation, velocity and inverse-velocity provide threshold with early warning system purpose. Geology structures fold and thrust fault deleterious stability of slope wall which a lot of case succeed as a " triggers " of failure occurs. By velocity and inverse-velocity rate represent the acceleration of the area with structural geology involved change rapidly. The case study conducted as an effort to help engineer boost " confident " to determine characteristic of failure by the data of slope stability radar and trend particularly with structural geology involved. Variety of graphics characteristic from 15 analysis data purpose to determine " threshold alarm " and proposed as reference on SSR monitoring system for the risk management program at coal mining environmental.

"Private land conservation is becoming a popular policy approach, given the constraints of increasing public protected areas, which include reduced availability of land for purchase, insufficient budgets for acquisition, and escalating management costs of small, isolated reserves. Conservation covenants represent a common policy instrument, now prominent in the United States, Canada and Australia, employed to compliment the protected area network. When ‘topsoil’ and subsoil, or ‘mineral’ use rights are decoupled,
however, the security of covenants can become threatened if the country’s economic policies take priority over conservation policies and mining is permitted where covenants exist. We discuss this issue on a theoretical level, examining four potential scenarios in which use rights are decoupled or coupled. We demonstrate that decoupled use rights can create an imbalance in the costs and benefits, to landholders and the government, from conservation and mining activities on private properties. We then present a case study in Queensland, Australia, in which the discrepancy of biodiversity and mining policies is directly threatening the ecological outcomes of conservation covenants on private land. We also reflect on our own personal research with landholders in Queensland to highlight the social consequences of
such a policy position on the ability of State and Federal governments to meet their policy commitments. The conflicts we identify can be used to improve the transparency of private land conservation."

HEALTH OF THE CHILD AND CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE EMERGENCY,  UNIMPLEMENTED 1988 NATIONAL FOREST POLICY OF INDIA, UNFCCC GRAND FAILURE, THE RISE AND RISE OF COAL IN INDIA AND CHINA A GRAVE THREAT TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, UNION CABINET APPROVES LUKEWARM APPROACH TO COP25 AND UNFCCC

Prolonged exposure to radon, the largest source (69%) of natural radioactivity, may cause lung cancer and bronchial tissue damage. So monitoring of radon at places of high radioactivity and in underground mines is important to assess the radiological hazards to occupational workers. For these reasons radon measurements were carried out in some coal mines of Baluchistan, Pakistan. The measurements were based upon passive detection of radon using CN-85 track detectors in Box Type Dosimeters. The radon concentration varied from 121 to 408 Bq m−3 in the mines under study. The computed radon dose varied from 1.38 to 4.67 mSv yr−1 with an average of 2.19±0.5 mSv yr−1. These coal mines have been found to be safe from radon-related health hazards.

From 1894 to 1934, a span of forty years that saw its parent company go from coal mining to oil drilling, the Texas Pacific Mercantile and Manufacturing Company operated and managed the various commercial and service enterprises essential to life in Thurber, Texas.

Thurber was a company town, wholly owned by the Texas and Pacific Coal Company, and the inhabitants viewed the “company store” with suspicion before and after unionization in 1903, believing it monopolistic and exploitative.  But to call the mercantile a monopoly, or a mere contrivance to exploit laborers, paints an incomplete portrait of the company store as it existed in Thurber and elsewhere.

With a keen eye for context—honed by a career in banking—Tucker reads the pages of ledgers in the same way most historians read diaries or newspapers.  In this thoroughgoing study he examines a wealth of company records, interviews, and newspaper accounts, presenting a case study not only of the microcosm of Thurber and TPM&M but of relations between labor and management in industrializing Texas, and a larger story of the complex role of the company store and company town in America.

Anthracite coal has been mined in Slieveardagh in east County Tipperary, Ireland, from at least the seventeenth century. The aim of this report is to identify, map, and list coal mining heritage sites and features in Slieveardagh in a gazetteer. The report is designed to aid further research, and assist the preservation and development of Slieveardagh’s coal mining heritage. A total of 791 sites and features have been identified. These include sites directly related to mining, including collieries, mine pits, adits, underground water drainage levels and their exits, mine buildings, engine houses, and machinery, the homes of miners and mine managers, a parish church built by miners, monuments, and the estate houses of mine owners. This report describes the methodology, criterion, sources of information, mapping software and work-flow used to compile the gazetteer. Sites and features are located on 69 individual maps. This report is a contribution to a larger project led by the Slieveardagh Mining Group to preserve and promote the heritage of coal mining in east Tipperary.

Surface coal mining in Appalachia has caused extensive replacement of forest with non-forested land cover, much of which is unmanaged and unproductive. Although forested ecosystems are valued by society for both marketable products and ecosystem services, forests have not been restored on most Appalachian mined lands because traditional reclamation practices, encouraged by regulatory policies, created conditions poorly suited for reforestation. Reclamation scientists have studied productive forests growing on older mine sites, established forest vegetation experimentally on recent mines, and identified mine reclamation practices that encourage forest vegetation re-establishment. Based on these findings, they developed a Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) that can be employed by coal mining firms to restore forest vegetation. Scientists and mine regulators, working collaboratively, have communicated the FRA to the coal industry and to regulatory enforcement personnel. Today, the FRA is used routinely by many coal mining firms, and thousands of mined hectares have been reclaimed to restore productive mine soils and planted with native forest trees. Reclamation of coal mines using the FRA is expected to restore these lands' capabilities to provide forest-based ecosystem services, such as wood production, atmospheric carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, watershed protection, and water quality protection to a greater extent than conventional reclamation practices.

Despite continued heavy state subsidies, Russian and Norwegian mining operations in the Svalbard archipelago occupy increased strategic importance given recent heightened tensions between the two nations. At the same time, the industries of scientifi c research and adventure tourism are growing in importance to Svalbard's economic self-suffi ciency. This chapter explores recent geoeconomic changes in the archipelago within the contexts of shifting relationships between Russia and Norway, and of a global Anthropocenic consciousness. Considering the histories of the archipelago's settlements of Barentsburg and Longyearbyen, and of the Russian (Arktikugol) and Norwegian (Store Norske) mining companies, the chapter explores linkages between the industries that fuel Svalbard's settlements, the international geopolitical interest in the region, and the symbolic and real value of resource extraction within broader Arctic geo-political discourse.

In the match factor, mining activity between the haulers and loader equipment dramatically affects each fleet's production. The purpose of this study is to simulate the sufficient number of transportation uses as an effort to achieve production targets using queuing theory. The research methods are quantitative and descriptive by analyzing the compatibility value of fleet, fleet production capability, queue number, and queue time. The data required is the time of the distribution, the distance from the mining front to the ROM, and the company's speed limit. The results of this research are beneficial to users of the transporter simulation to be applied based on the theory of the queue is six transport units in the Anggrek pit with a compatibility value of 1.01, five transport units in the Dahlia pit with compatibility value 0.98, and five units of transport in the pit Anggrek with compatibility value 1.04. The haulers' recommendations were made by allocating two haulers ...