Crack Pattern

This paper presents the ductile characteristics of hybrid Ferro cement slab incorporating polypropylene fibres and GFRP sheet. A total of 9 slab have been tested under two point flexural loading. The size of the slab is 1000 mm(length) x1000 mm(width) x 60 mm(thickness). The parameters studied in this investigation includes the number of weld mesh layers, polypropylene fibres i.e (0.3%) and GFRP sheet. from the studies, it is observed that the load carrying capacity and deformation. The stiffness of the specimens with zero layer weld mesh is lower than that of the specimens with two layers and three layers bundled. Further, there is reduction in number of cracks with increase in fibre content.

The Church of Sacro Cuore in Trento was an opportunity for the experimentation and the application of a procedural process aimed to verify the geometric shape of the frescoed vault and the mapping of the crack visible to return 3D qualitive data acquired. The representation of the surfaces is based on the acquisition of topographical data and photogrammetric shots to produce a single high-resolution image that coincides with the planimetric projection of the vault. At first this allowed to draw the cracks pattern in two-dimensional mode, integrating it with the information contained in the free-hand sketches then the projection of the curves of each crack on the surface of the vault has therefore resulted in a three-dimensional thematic model of crack pattern.

Concrete slab with opening are usually designed with help of traditional rules of thumb proposed by building codes. Such methods however introduce limitations concerning size of opening and magnitude of applied loads. Furthermore there is a lack of sufficient information about the load carrying capacity of slab with opening. It is also difficult to model the complex behaviour of reinforced concrete structures analytically in its non-linear zone. This has led engineers in the past to rely heavily on empirical formulas which were derived from numerous experiments for the design of reinforced concrete structures. Nowadays, for structural design and assessment of reinforced concrete members, the non-linear finite element (FE) analysis has become an important analytical tool. This thesis investigates the structural behaviour of two way reinforced concrete slab with and without openings for different slab length ratios and different opening ratios. The effect of openings sizes on crack formation is also analysed. For this different models of slab with and without opening were modelled in finite element software ANSYS.

This paper investigated the flexural behavior of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) incorporating banana skin powder (BSP) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA), strengthened with carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP) plate. The BSP and POFA are added in the LFC mixture at various percentages as cement and sand replacement, respectively. LFC cubes incorporating BSP and POFA, LFC-BSP-POFA, were cast and tested under compression to determine its compressive strength. LFC-BSP-POFA prisms strengthened with 100 mm and 150 mm length of CFRP plates glued on its bottom mid-span surface were cast and tested under four point bending load to determine its flexure behaviour. From the results obtained, compressive and flexural strength increased when percentages of BSP and POFA incorporated in the LFC increased. Meanwhile, CFRP plate managed to strengthen the LFC prism further where higher ultimate load recorded when longer CFRP plate was used.