Dicionarios Monolingües

In Romance philology there have been two important debates about Catalan: the first one asked, whether Catalan was a language independent of Occitan; the second one was about the affiliation of Catalan with either the Iberoromance or the Galloromance branch. Both debates have been considered closed: the first one with Meyer-Lübkes 1925 study Das Katalanische, firmly establishing Catalan as an independent Romance language, and the second one in the late seventies with a compromise formula coined by Antoni Badia i Margarit, according to which Catalan was a “bridge language”. In this contribution it is argued, that the old debate should be reconsidered for three reasons: Firstly, because the original arguments failed to take into account that Catalan has been converging with Iberoromance during the last 1000 (and more pronouncedly during the last 500) years. Secondly, because the original debate did not take into account syntactic information. And thirdly, because a keener differentiation between the Gallo- and Iberoromance elements can shed new light on an ongoing internal debate about ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ Catalan. Catalan is presented as an inherently Galloromance language which during the last 500 years has been heavily converging with Iberoromance.

RESUMO

Os dicionarios son obras cuxo contido non só depende da formación intelectual dos seus redactores —profundo ou escaso coñecemento lingüístico, maior ou menor dominio das técnicas lexicográficas... —senón que está suxeito tanto aos prexuízos das persoas que os confeccionaron coma ao contexto social, cultural e político do momento histórico no que foron creados. As relacións entre a Galiza e os Países Cataláns aínda non gozan hoxe da normalidade que lles correspondería, ao quedaren as súas culturas nun segundo plano por detrás da española oficial que domina o panorama sociocultural do estado no que, maioritariamente, se desenvolven. O esforzo adicional que cómpre facer para achegarse dun país ao outro provoca moitas veces visións parciais e interpretacións erróneas da realidade sociocultural e sociolingüística da cultura que se quere coñecer ou dar a coñecer. Esta dificultade vese tamén reflectida nas obras lexicográficas e concretada nas imprecisións e as lagoas que conteñen as definicións relativas á lingua e a cultura galegas  —no caso dos cataláns— e á lingua e a cultura catalás —no caso dos galegos—. Neste traballo compróbase como inflúe esta situación na redacción dos dicionarios de referencia máis usados hoxe en día en candanseu ámbito cultural, mediante unha análise das definicións dos conceptos relacionados coas linguas galega e catalá. Finalmente, propóñense unhas novas definicións para as entradas relativas ás denominacións da lingua.

Palabras chave: lexicoloxía, dicionarios monolingües, lingua galega, lingua catalá, linguas minorizadas.


ABSTRACT

Dictionaries are works whose contents not only depend on their writers' intellectual training—revealing either a profound or a shallow linguistic knowledge, a greater or a lesser control of the lexicographical techniques, etc. They are also subject both to their creators' prejudices as well as to the social, cultural, and political context of the historical moment in which they were created. To this day, relations between Galicia and the the Catalan Countries still do not enjoy the normality which they should. Instead, their cultures remain in the background behind the official Spanish culture which dominates the sociocultural panorama of the state in which these cultures, for the most part, develop. The additional effort required to relate one country to another can often create an incomplete picture and erroneous interpretations of the sociocultural and sociolinguistic reality of the culture that would know or be known. This obstacle is also reflected in lexicographical works and then solidified through the imprecisions and gaps present in definitions relative to Galician language and culture—in the case of the Catalans—and Catalan language and culture—insofar as Galicians receive it. The present study will show how this situation influences the writing in the reference dictionaries most used today in each particular cultural sphere, accomplished through an analysis of the definitions of concepts related to the Galician and Catalan languages. Lastly, new definitions are proposed for the entries dealing with language denominations.

Key words: lexicography, monolingual dictionaries, Galician language, Catalan language, minority languages.

[PT] Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados de nossos trabalhos, em sua grande maioria dicionários especiais de língua geral, mono-, bi- ou multilíngues, desenvolvidos por pesquisadores de cinco universidades brasileiras e com a colaboração de especialistas de três universidades estrangeiras.

[EN] This paper presents the results of our works, most special dictionaries of general language, mono, bi or multilingual, developed by researchers at five universities in Brazil and in collaboration with experts from three foreign universities.

Con su libro Karuo el secreto ibero, Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico.