Digital Trust

Using textual analysis methodology with Hofstede's cultural dimensions as basis for cross-national comparison, the manuscript explores the influence of cultural values of trust, transparency, and openness in Nordic national artificial intelligence (AI) policy documents. Where many AI processes are technologies hidden from view of the citizen, how can public institutions support and ensure these high levels of trust, transparency, and openness in Nordic culture and extend these concepts of "digital trust" to AI? One solution is by authoring national policy that upholds cultural values and personal rights, ultimately reinforcing these values in their societies. The paper highlights differences in how Nordic nations position themselves using cultural values as organizing principles, with the author showing these values (i.e., trust through clear information and information security, transparency through AI literacy education and clear algorithmic decision making, and openness by creating data lakes and data trusts) support the development of AI technology in society. The analysis shows that three cultural values are upheld and influence Nordic national AI strategies, while themes of privacy, ethics, and autonomy are present, and democracy, a societal building block in the Nordics, is especially prominent in the policies. For policy development, policy leaders must understand that without citizen involvement in AI implementation or lacking citizen AI education, we risk alienating those for who these services are meant to utilize and improve access for.

A global study on digital trust in the workplace, dubbed as “e-Trust Project,” was launched in 2018. The study aims to determine the digital trust and integration in the workplace among employees in any company or organization in Europe, the USA, Latin America, and Asian countries. One of the methods to assess the trust level is using a survey questionnaire. This paper presents the calculation of test-retest reliability coefficients and the internal consistency of the proposed survey questionnaire. The measurement of the test-retest reliability was done in a one-week interval in Germany and the Philippines. A sample of 82 respondents completed Survey eTrust in German and English language. On the other hand, the questionnaire’s internal consistency was measured through the pretesting of Survey e-Trust. In this case, Survey eTrust was translated into Chinese, Japanese, South Korean, Russian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Thai. A sample of 376 respondents from Germany, Philippines, China, Japan, South Korea, Paraguay, Russia, Brazil, Thailand, USA, and the United Kingdom completed Survey eTrust. Quota and convenience sampling was employed in both testing activities. Similarly, the administration of both testing activities was delivered online. Results show that the r values are 0.7 (technologies, privacy and protection, netizenship) and 0.8 (features, people operation), indicating acceptable evidence of test-retest reliability. The test-retest also shows a total of 35 items with a weak strength of association. For the paired t-test, all subscales had a p-value higher than .05, confirming the test-retest’s stability. On the other hand, all subscales showed satisfactory internal consistency estimates (higher than .9). The Survey eTrust has acceptable reliability and validity properties.

Mobile payment systems are based on many technologies. This paper builds on a fairly comprehensive review of the scientific literature, relative to the recent development of mobile payment systems. It presents the main current solutions and some implementations. However, many issues remain opened, including the security of personal data, which raises ethical concerns related to privacy among others. The article shows how, in Covid-19 era, ethics is an asset for improving digital trust in mobile payment systems that have become essential tools in the lives of citizens.

Les systèmes de paiement mobile se basent sur de nombreuses technologies. L’article s’appuie sur une solide revue de la littérature scientifique portant sur le développement récent des systèmes de paiement mobile. Il présente les principales implémentations et solutions existantes. Cependant, de nombreux problèmes restent encore ouverts dont la sécurité des données à caractère personnel qui soulève des questions éthiques en lien, entre autres, au respect de la vie privée. L’article montre comment, à l’ère de la Covid-19, l’éthique constitue un atout pour l’amélioration de la confiance numérique dans les systèmes de paiement mobile qui sont devenus des outils incontournables dans la vie des citoyens et citoyennes.

The Cloud manufacturing(C-Mfg) system involves remote distributed manufacturing resources and capabilities collaborating as a single virtual entity. The system receives orders for custom products and provides manufacturing as a service to the end customers. The primary activities of the system, among others, are transaction control, resource allocation and monitoring, distributed manufacturing, quality control, and delivery of consignments to the customers. The actual manufacturing is done by a network of third-party partner manufacturers providing the services to end customers, helping them with cost reduction, shorter time-to-market, and enabling efficient collaboration between manufacturers in the C-Mfg network. This paper aims to deep dive into C-Mfg as a system and perform a risk analysis to assess and mitigate the risks associated with the system. While cybersecurity and data security-related concerns are deemed the most serious and need immediate management for the system to succeed, the control of data, compliance with manufacturing standards and guidelines, and lack of accountability and ownership are other serious risks that need significant attention. Identifying these factors will help channel the focus on the management and resolution of these risks to establish digital trust in the C-Mfg system leading to the system’s success.