Republished on 23rd August 2006 and discussed in the forum below: http://www.politicsforum.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=62793 At the moment the misinformed international community plans to spend so easily US $ 3 billion for Lebanon's reconstruction, it is essential to highlight that much less money would be enough to bring peace in the strategically crucial area of Eastern Sudan where the Blemmyes / Beja have started their struggle for self-determination and independence. Support to historically indigenous Beja would bring the Khartoum tyrants at the brink of collapse, opening the path of independence for the oppressed peoples of Sudan, and at the same time it would reshape the entire area of the Red Sea where historical nations demand international recognition.
The fieldwork of the Expedition of the Università degli Studi di Napoli “l’Orientale” to the Eastern Sudan took place from 1980 and 1995, was resumed after a gap of fifteen years in 2010, and continued in 2011 (Manzo 2011, 2012b). At the... more
The fieldwork of the Expedition of the Università degli Studi di Napoli “l’Orientale” to the Eastern Sudan took place from 1980 and 1995, was resumed after a gap of fifteen years in 2010, and continued in 2011 (Manzo 2011, 2012b). At the very beginning of the project, the main goal of the research project was the explanation of similarities in the ceramic traditions of the Ethiopian highlands and of the Nile Valley. Thus, the Kassala region and Gash Delta, a study area located in an intermediate and crucial position for understanding the relationships between Ethiopian highlands and Nile Valley, was selected. This was an area which, before the fieldwork conducted from 1980 to 1995 by the Expedition, was virtually unknown from the archaeological point of view. Therefore, the definition of a cultural sequence for the Kassala region and Gash delta is an outstanding result of the fieldwork conducted by the Expedition in the 80s. Moreover, it was also possible to outline the processes taking place in the region.
According to the application submitted to the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums and to the research project submitted to the granting Institutions, the goal of the 2012 field season of the Italian Archaeological Expedition... more
According to the application submitted to the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums and to the research project submitted to the granting Institutions, the goal of the 2012 field season of the Italian Archaeological Expedition to the Eastern Sudan of UNO was the completion of the investigations at the site UA 53 and the conduction of a closer investigation of site UA 126 with the excavation of some test pits. These tasks were regarded as urgent because the two sites will be affected by the ongoing building of the new dams on the Atbara and Setit rivers and by the implementation of an agricultural scheme in the area between the Gash and the Atbara (Upper Atbara Agricultural Irrigated Scheme), which are endangering many archaeological sites of the region. As the Expedition considered it a priority to contribute to the cultural heritage management of the Kassala region, some of the endangered sites were selected for further investigations in 2010. These sites could also be significant for the research project of the Expedition which is aimed at gaining a better knowledge of the relationships between Eastern Sudan and Upper Nubia as well as to investigate the possible relationships between the cultures of Eastern Sudan and the Red Sea coast via the Eastern Desert. Both UA 53 and UA 126 were among them. The field season was made possible by the economic contribution of the following institutions: Ministero Italiano degli Affari Esteri (grant 2012), UNO (research grant 2012 and contribution of the Centro Interdipartimentale di Servizi per l’Archeologia (CISA). Crucial was the support of the Poliass Marine & General insurance broker company, Naples, Italy. The field work took place from November 19th to December 19th.
Background and Objective: This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence and frequency distribution of mosquito species in the city of Port Sudan, Sudan. Methods: After collection of 500 adult mosquitoes from different sectors of... more
Background and Objective: This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence and frequency distribution of mosquito species in the city of Port Sudan, Sudan. Methods: After collection of 500 adult mosquitoes from different sectors of the city Port Sudan, they were classified using the morphological keys for identification of mosquitoes. Results: Overall, 230 Culex quinquefasciatus (46%) were detected in the eastern, central and southern sectors of the city. Culex sitiens (14.2%) were detected only in the central sector. Aedes aegypti (32.2%) were detected in all three sectors. Anopheles funestus (6.6%) were detected in the central and southern sectors. Conclusion: Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypi are prevalent in all sectors of the city, while Cx. sitiens is prevalent only in the central sector. An. funestus is abundant in the central and southern sectors.
Cet article a pour ambition de mettre en évidence les représentations de l’État mahdiste (1883-1898) vis-à-vis des identités ethno-tribales bija au Soudan-Est, de montrer les modalités des tentatives de reconfiguration de ces identités,... more
Cet article a pour ambition de mettre en évidence les représentations de l’État mahdiste (1883-1898) vis-à-vis des identités ethno-tribales bija au Soudan-Est, de montrer les modalités des tentatives de reconfiguration de ces identités, et enfin, d’en exposer les limites qui furent à l’origine de l’adoption d’une politique tribale pragmatique par les autorités mahdistes dans cette région. Il s’appuie sur la correspondance échangée entre le khalīfa ʿAbd Allāh (1846-1899) et ses représentants en province de 1885 à 1898, ainsi que sur le corpus de documents produits par le Trésor provincial (bayt al-māl) de Tūkar entre 1888 et 1891. Ces sources permettent une analyse détaillée des conceptions identitaires de l’administration mahdiste à l’égard des tribus bija ainsi que de leur évolution. Cette analyse vise à déconstruire et historiciser les trois oppositions canoniques des identités soudanaises (nomades et sédentaires, Arabes et non-Arabes, musulmans et non-musulmans), afin de mettre au jour les facteurs politiques et socioéconomiques qui façonnèrent ces représentations identitaires.
This article aims to highlight the representations of the Mahdist State (1883-1898) vis-à-vis the ethno-tribal identities of the Bija in Eastern Sudan, to define the terms of the attempts to reconfigure these identities, and finally, to expose their limits which were at the origin of the adoption of a pragmatic tribal policy by the Mahdist authorities in this region. It is based on the correspondence exchanged between the khalīfa ʿAbd Allāh (1846-1899) and his representatives in Eastern Sudan from 1885 to 1898, as well as on the corpus of documents produced by the provincial treasury (bayt al-māl) of Tūkar between 1888 and 1891. These sources allow for a detailed analysis of the identity conceptions of the Mahdist administration with regard to the Bija tribes as well as their evolution. It aims to deconstruct and historicize the three canonical oppositions of Sudanese identities (nomadic and sedentary, Arabs and non-Arabs, Muslims and non-Muslims) in order to highlight the political and socio-economic factors that shaped these identity representations.
