The balancing approach of electricity generation and consumption is an essential part of a reliable power system. The mismatch between supply and demand may also cause fluctuation in the power system. This study proposes an incentive and... more
The balancing approach of electricity generation and consumption is an essential part of a reliable power system. The mismatch between supply and demand may also cause fluctuation in the power system. This study proposes an incentive and penalty-based demand response (I&P-DR) program for improving the profitability of both LSE and customers. First, we use a parameter that weighs the financial benefits of LSE and customers and provides considerable economic benefits to both sides. Second, an incentive and penalty (I&P) price scheme have been employed to recompense and penalize customers and reduce the electricity demand at peak hours. Finally, the study analyzes the importance of (I&P-DR) and its impact on customers’ sensitivity during peak intervals. Simulation results showed that the flexibility to consumption can be brought through the application of the proposed (I&P-DR) program and also provide the financial benefits to both, customers and LSEs.
Understanding & determining the detailed requirements of each clause of ISO system is a difficult task. This paper has been made to understand each of the requirements, needed to be checked under each clause of ISO 9001:2015 during the... more
Understanding & determining the detailed requirements of each clause of ISO system is a difficult task. This paper has been made to understand each of the requirements, needed to be checked under each clause of ISO 9001:2015 during the Audit.
This paper proposes an alternative strategy to control the generated power within an isolated ac microgrid with distributed RES. The proposal is to control the terminal voltage of the existing battery banks below or equal its maximum... more
This paper proposes an alternative strategy to control the generated power within an isolated ac microgrid with distributed RES. The proposal is to control the terminal voltage of the existing battery banks below or equal its maximum allowable value. This is done by limiting the amount of power that each energy source can generate at each instant. The microgrid frequency is used to characterize the state of charge of the battery bank and quantify to the converters’ control systems how much power they need or can generate to maintain under control the internal power balance of the microgrid. The control of the battery banks’ terminal voltage implies indirectly the control of their SOC.
Energy policy in Jordan has been in disarray since the 2007-2008 energy crisis and ever since the Cabinet’s endorsement of the 2007-2020 energy strategy in 2004. This paper shall be critically discussing the state of Jordan`s energy... more
Energy policy in Jordan has been in disarray since the 2007-2008 energy crisis and ever since the Cabinet’s endorsement of the 2007-2020 energy strategy in 2004. This paper shall be critically discussing the state of Jordan`s energy strategy 2007-2020 hoping to shed some light on the factors behind the disappointing outcomes of the recommendations of the energy strategy. In an ideal world, there would be some partial success stories. However, in the case of Jordan, it is more realistic to outline the impediments to success, which include poor methods of governance in terms of how power is exercised, and how decision-makers are held accountable.
The integration of renewable energy sources together with an energy storage system into a distribution network has become essential not only to maintain continuous electricity supply but also to minimise electricity costs. The operational... more
The integration of renewable energy sources together with an energy storage system into a distribution network has become essential not only to maintain continuous electricity supply but also to minimise electricity costs. The operational costs of this paradigm depend highly upon the optimal use of battery energy. This paper proposes day-ahead scheduling of the battery energy while considering its degradation costs due to charging-discharging cycles. The degradation costs with respect to the depth of charge are modelled and added to the objective function to determine the actual operational costs of the system. A framework to solve the function is developed in which particle swarm optimisation, the Rainflow algorithm and scenario techniques are integrated. Uncertainties of parameters, modelled by scenario generation and reduced by scenario reduction techniques, are discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the operational costs by around 40% compared to the baseline method. They also reveal that uncertainty in power generation and power demand has no influence on the energy schedule of the battery, but variation in electricity prices has an impact on the outcome. Several pragmatic tests verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Community microgrids, scheduling battery energy, battery degradation costs, renewable energy and optimisation algorithms. Nomenclature RESs Renewable energy sources EMS Energy management system TOU Time-of-use RTP Real-time electricity price ESS Energy storage system ADP Approximate dynamic programming PSO Particle swarm optimisation HBB-BC Hybrid big bang big crunch SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition SI Solar irradiation PV Photovoltaic P wT Total wind power P sT Total solar power P g Import/export grid power C(t) Grid electricity prices L(t) Load at time t BL o Initial battery energy level BL max Maximum battery energy level BL min Minimum battery energy level P c,max Maximum charging rate
Climate change is among the greatest environmental threats facing the globe today and the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is concerning all the industrial sectors contributing to the problem. The maritime transport sector has... more
Climate change is among the greatest environmental threats facing the globe today and the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is concerning all the industrial sectors contributing to the problem. The maritime transport sector has already implemented several measures for energy efficiency for the reduction of its GHG emissions, including both vessels and ports. This paper focuses on the prospects and challenges facing the development of a port energy management system. It analyzes the main factors which exert an impact on such a plan and that need to be taken into account for its successful implementation. A SWOT/PESTLE analysis is utilized for the identification of the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that have a positive or negative effect on the adoption and successful implementation of a port energy management system. This analysis is based on empirical data from two leading North-European port authorities. Given the fact that ports are currently focusing on the reduction of their energy consumption, this paper's results have particular significance in that they could enlighten and inform the adoption of a port energy management plan within ports.
Climate change is among the greatest environmental threats facing the globe today and the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is concerning all the industrial sectors contributing to the problem. The maritime transport sector has... more
Climate change is among the greatest environmental threats facing the globe today and the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is concerning all the industrial sectors contributing to the problem. The maritime transport sector has already implemented several measures for energy efficiency for the reduction of its GHG emissions, including both vessels and ports. This paper focuses on the prospects and challenges facing the development of a port energy management system. It analyzes the main factors which exert an impact on such a plan and that need to be taken into account for its successful implementation. A SWOT/PESTLE analysis is utilized for the identification of the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that have a positive or negative effect on the adoption and successful implementation of a port energy management system. This analysis is based on empirical data from two leading North-European port authorities. Given the fact that po...
This paper focuses on some aspects of the study and development of an Electrical Power Center (EPC) for aeronautical application tested in a flight demo channel up to 15000 ft (4500 m). The studied EPC is composed of several Solid State... more
This paper focuses on some aspects of the study and development of an Electrical Power Center (EPC) for aeronautical application tested in a flight demo channel up to 15000 ft (4500 m). The studied EPC is composed of several Solid State Power Controllers (SSPCs) each with a dedicated Digital Signal Processing (DSP) for the real time protection. All DSP communicate via CAN BUS with the main computer where are coded the energy management strategies. The paper reports the developed SSPC protection method with several simulation results. The work describe a typical workflow based on requirements analysis, specs derivation, design phase, physical implementation, testing phase, results analysis versus simulations and final equipment validation for flight.
In addition to conventional methods such as load side management and source side management, recently some new techniques have been presented to manage local sources in power networks. However, realising full-selective contribution of the... more
In addition to conventional methods such as load side management and source side management, recently some new techniques have been presented to manage local sources in power networks. However, realising full-selective contribution of the load side sources has not addressed in the literature, yet. In this study, an efficient full-selective method is proposed, aimed to achieve a different desirable contribution of the sources in DC nanogrids. The proposed technique is based on a novel idea of DC power hub, which includes several buck/boost converters to control the contribution of local sources for supplying each of nanogrid's loads. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed using some simulations under different operating conditions.
The energy generation and power consuming loads at Brass LNG facility located in Brass Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria were analyzed and compared with expected demand changes and means of minimizing cost and greenhouse gas emission were... more
The energy generation and power consuming loads at Brass LNG facility located in Brass Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria were analyzed and compared with expected demand changes and means of minimizing cost and greenhouse gas emission were also proffered with wind and solar energy penetration into the overall power mix. The wind and solar hybrid power generation system reduced the fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emission and noise pollution by the generators and turbine by relieving some of the power plants or reducing their sizes. Economic cost benefit analysis and recovery periods projections made showed that system is economically viable and technically feasible with low recovery time. Christian Okwori MNSE CEng: Energy Audit, Optimization and Management for BrassLNG, Brass Island, Nembe Kingdom, Nigeria. February, 2014 1 Acknowledgement
A micro-grid (MG) is an active low-voltage grid that includes renewable energy sources and different types of loads. Given that MGs consist of different distributed energy resources (DER), energy storage systems and different load types,... more
A micro-grid (MG) is an active low-voltage grid that includes renewable energy sources and different types of loads. Given that MGs consist of different distributed energy resources (DER), energy storage systems and different load types, integration of a distribution network and several distributed energy sources leads to creation of a multiple MG (MMG) system. In this paper, an energy management system (EMS) is proposed and implemented in JADE software environment to operate-considering load uncertainties-MMG with optimal power of distributed energy sources and optimal consumer loads with minimum cost based on hierarchical multi-agent system (HMAS). The obtained results reveal that the proposed EMS is capable of establishing energy management of distributed and storage energy resources in MMGs with the minimum possible cost.
The energy generation and power consuming loads at Brass LNG facility located in Brass Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria were analyzed and compared with expected demand changes and means of minimizing cost and greenhouse gas emission were... more
The energy generation and power consuming loads at Brass LNG facility located in Brass Island, Bayelsa State Nigeria were analyzed and compared with expected demand changes and means of minimizing cost and greenhouse gas emission were also proffered with wind and solar energy penetration into the overall power mix. The wind and solar hybrid power generation system reduced the fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emission and noise pollution by the generators and turbine by relieving some of the power plants or reducing their sizes. Economic cost benefit analysis and recovery periods projections made showed that system is economically viable and technically feasible with low recovery time. Christian Okwori MNSE CEng: Energy Audit, Optimization and Management for BrassLNG, Brass Island, Nembe Kingdom, Nigeria. February, 2014.
El pago para cubrir la facturación mensual de energía elécrtica del último lustro, de las plantas de ZZZZZZZ1 y YYYYYYYY, observa una creciente proporción. Impacta negativamente, cada vez más, los costos globales de XXXXXX SA de CV y... more
El pago para cubrir la facturación mensual de energía elécrtica del último lustro, de las plantas de ZZZZZZZ1 y YYYYYYYY, observa una creciente proporción. Impacta negativamente, cada vez más, los costos globales de XXXXXX SA de CV y obstaculiza la posición de liderazgo de la empresa en el mercado estadounidense americano2. Se requiere establecer estrategias e introducir mejoras puntuales, capaces de ahorrar y eficientar –de manera verificable- los sistemas de energía que actualmente se emplean. A satsisfacer este requerimiento, tomando como punto de partida la planta de ZZZZZZZ, Edomex, es que se orienta la presente propuesta.
In this paper, I review the functions and architectures of control centers. The evolving changes in power system operational needs require a distributed control center that is decentralized, integrated, flexible, and open. Present-day... more
In this paper, I review the functions and architectures of control centers. The evolving changes in power system operational needs require a distributed control center that is decentralized, integrated, flexible, and open. Present-day control centers are moving in that direction with varying degrees of success. The technologies employed in today's control centers to enable them to be distributed are briefly reviewed. With the rise of the In-ternet age, the trend in information and communication technologies is moving toward Grid computing and Web services, or Grid services. A Grid service-based future control center is stipulated.
This study identifies the main factors affecting the electricity efficiency and productivity of the lead acid battery formation process. A representative sample of 12,286 battery formation processes, developed between June 2014 and June... more
This study identifies the main factors affecting the electricity efficiency and productivity of the lead acid battery formation process. A representative sample of 12,286 battery formation processes, developed between June 2014 and June 2015, were used in a statistic analysis. As a result, an energy performance indicator was developed to assess the electricity consumption of battery formation. Given that there are several formation circuits in the formation area, an energy performance indicator was developed for each circuit. The influence of the operational practices, operational teams, workings shift starting time and technical condition of the circuits were analyzed. The influence of the operational practices and the technical conditions of the formation circuits were identified as the main factors affecting the productivity and the electricity consumption. These factors cause a time waste, affecting productivity between 2% and 5%, and increasing the electricity consumption. As a result it is recommended to improve maintenance and operational practices towards higher productivity and electricity efficiency.
— It is no longer new in and around Africa to witness cases of epileptic power supply, with some streets, towns, villages and even parts of cities attesting to having under par electrical power supply. This paper elucidates the complete... more
— It is no longer new in and around Africa to witness cases of epileptic power supply, with some streets, towns, villages and even parts of cities attesting to having under par electrical power supply. This paper elucidates the complete operation of a novel embedded systems design, geared towards minimizing energy consumption by automatic regulation and dynamic load shedding among other methods of energy conservation. The Computer Controlled Embedded Energy Management System does the regulation by simply interfacing a Java developed desktop application through serial communication with a PIC microcontroller and other electrical and electronics components which make up the embedded system connected to the house's distribution board. The primary drive behind the development of this system is the statistical outlook which shows that Africa's electrical energy generation is well below demand while demand is on an exponential rise. The complete operation of the system is simulated on the ISIS Proteus simulation package and its methodology of operation is well explained in the content of this paper
Information technology tools for energy management have, to date, failed to take advantage of the recent advances in human-computer interaction. In fact, considerable expertise is still required to interpret and manage energy data. Other... more
Information technology tools for energy management have, to date, failed to take advantage of the recent advances in human-computer interaction. In fact, considerable expertise is still required to interpret and manage energy data. Other domains, in contrast, including architecture, engineering and construction, have embraced new interaction paradigms aiming at more natural ways to interact with and analyse data. We foresee that integrating natural user interfaces with virtual and augmented reality environments in an energy management system will provide a powerful tool, enabling unskilled users to perform complex energy management activities.
