Everything

Resumen El sistema de evaluación profesoral, regido por el decreto 1279 de 2002, privilegia –como factor salarial– las publicaciones, especialmente los artículos que aparecen en revistas de alto impacto. Esto ha distorsionado el quehacer del profesor universitario, porque la solución de los problemas nacionales, la docencia de pregrado y la administración universitaria se desvalorizan frente al frenesí de los puntos que se logran con la publicación de artículos científicos. Por esta razón se hace una revisión sobre lo que significa el artículo científico como resultado de la investigación, los problemas que tiene, se define lo que es el impacto de las publicaciones y sus fallas y se presentan las nuevas tendencias que aparecen en la era digital.

Contoh Karangan Esai-Essay adalah sebuah tulisan yang mengandung opini, pandangan, atau ekspresi pribadi mengenai sebuah hal yang sedang berlangsung di masyarakat. Agar maksud yang ingin disampaikan dalam sebuah essay bisa tesampaikan dengan baik, maka sebuah essay harus ditulis dengan sebaik mungkin. Berikut ini adalah cara membuat essay yang baik :

From my initial bedazzled infatuation with the miracle-manifesting wisdom of the East and eager transactions with its purveyors, to angry, despondent disillusionment then on to my arrival, after decades of spiritual practice and earnest re-evaluation, at a place of peaceful gratitude for the good of the Gurus, the good that with humble wonder we may call God, I reproduce here selections from accounts over the years of my evolving, healing attitude toward these divine yet human messengers, teachers and exemplars. In these pages are the essential landmarks and vistas of my peculiar path. From the trackless swamps through which I slogged, seething, thinking of Gurus as grrr-ooze, I ascended at times to bright-aired heights from which I saw those very bogs and bayous to be the source of life-giving streams and cloud-seeding mists that refracted sunlight into celebratory rainbows. These moments of appreciation have increased in frequency and duration and have expanded to include quotidian things so that they no longer seem quotidian at all, which makes quotidian an apt word to describe such things and eventually everything — quotidian, after all, being an unusual word for everyday, ordinary — and the ordinary everyday anything and everything is simply a marvel, the Something that somehow exists, with all of us and all things inseparable parts of that Whole. And that is wholly Love.

This paper explores the autobiographical desire for a complete, comprehensive representation of oneself, a recording of a life that includes everything about oneself. It does so through a brief look at some such examples from French literature, but mostly through an in-depth analysis of a recent book, Total Recall (Bell and Gemmell, 2009), representative of many similar technological endeavors today, which puts forth a vision of a complete digital recording of one’s experiences to create a sort of digital archive of one’s memories. My paper questions this aspiration for totality, ranging from its more​ abstract aspects to the actual technicalities of the vision.

Die Relativität von " Welt " Wie Pseudoprobleme in den Neurowissenschaften, der Psychologie und der Quantenphysik durch EDWs zu vermeiden sind Reihe: Edition Centaurus – Psychologie ▶ Das Buch liefert ein neues axiomatisch-hyperontologisches Framework zum Verständnis der " Welt " und den Zugängen verschiedener Wissenschaften ▶ Zeigt Zusammenhang und Unterschiede bei den Grundbegriffen von Philososophie, Psychologie, Neurowissenschaft, Physik ▶ Beschreibt Theorieapplikationen in der Philosophie des Geistes, Neurowissenschaften, Psychologie, Allgemeiner und spezieller Relatitivitätstheorie sowie der Quantenmechanik Das Werk zeigt, inwiefern ein naives Verständnis von " Welt " der Komplexität moderner Wissenschaften nicht gerecht wird. Es liefert einen wissenschaftstheoretischen Rahmen, in dem die interdisziplinären Fragestellungen von Psychologie, Neurowissenschaften, Biologie und Quantenphysik verstanden werden können, ohne in Aporien zu führen. Auf diese Weise trägt der Autor dazu bei, dass Grundlagenprobleme wie der Zusammenhang von Körper und Geist, Gehirn und Bewusstsein oder die Lokalisierung physikalischer Objekte in Raum und Zeit angemessen verstanden werden können. Entscheidend ist dabei der jeweilige Bezugsrahmen, der zu beachten ist: Epistemisch verschiedene Welten (Epistemological Different Worlds, abgekürzt EDWs) helfen, hypertrophe Begriffe (Scheinwelten) einer " realen Welt " ab-bzw. in die jeweiligen Schranken zu verweisen.

In this paper we offer a new solution to the old paradox of nothingness. This new solution develops in two steps. The first step consists in showing how to resolve the contradiction generated by the notion of nothingness by claiming that the contradiction shows the indefinite extensibility of the concept of object. The second step consists in showing that, having accepted the idea of indefinite extensibility, we can have absolute generality without the emergence of the contradiction connected to the absolute notion of nothingness. The idea of indefinite extensibility allows us to have our cake (absolute generality) and to eat it too (avoid commitment to a contradictory notion of nothingness).

APAKAH ARTI KOTA SEHAT? Apakah kota seperti makhluk hidup yang bisa dideteksi kesehatannya? Bagaimana terminologi kota sehat muncul dari para ahli kesehatan dan perencana kota? Kerusakan lingkungan tidak hanya meningkatkan kematian akibat dari penyakit-penyakit yang ditimbulkan, Aktivitas yang terjadi di kawasan-kawasan pariwisata seringkali menjadi suatu cikal bakal timbulnya penyakit baru karena penduduk dari luar daerah maupun luar negeri membawa penyakit yang tidak terdeteksi atau terasa sebelumnya, dan dalam interaksi sekumpulan orang secara bersama-sama. Pentingnya kondisi kota yang sehat selain untuk mengurangi peningkatan jumlah penduduk sakit yang berakibat berkurangnya produktivitas, tetapi juga untuk mengurangi terbuangnya devisa negara akibat mengimpor obat-obatan dari luar negeri. Tentu saja, definisi kota yang sehat tidak harus atau hanya dikriteriakan terhadap fisik kota, tetapi justru terhadap orang-orang atau makhluk yang hidup di dalamnya. Seringkali ahli infrastruktruktur mengembangkannya kepada kebutuhan akan fisik yang memungkinkan manusia hidup sehat. Pada kenyataannya itu tidak cukup, karena ada relasi antara orang dan alam yang mempengaruhi kesehatan seseorang, serta orang dan orang yang mencerminkan derajat kesehatan seseorang. Banyaknya kasus bunuh diri, seperti terjun dari bangunan bertingkat di perkotaan, meminum obat nyamuk di pedesaan, membunuh karena tersinggung, dll., semuanya seringkali bermula dari kondisi lingkungan yang kurang mendukung.

Everything-something-nothing-is propositions, ESNIPs, are propositions expressed using the four indicated words: three quantifiers and one copula. This elementary expository lecture introduces a neglected topic: the history and philosophy of ESNIPs.
  The true proposition “everything is something but nothing is everything” does not imply the contradiction “nothing is something”. In contrast, “Ed is Sam and Nat is Ed” implies “Nat is Sam”. Likewise, the truth “everything is something” does not imply the falsehood “something is everything”.  In contrast, “Ed is Sam” implies “Sam is Ed”. Also, “everything is everything” is not tautological; it is not even true. In contrast, “Ed is Ed” is tautological—being an instance of the law of identity “everything is itself”.
  As should be well known, ESNIPs are expressible by sentences of standard, one-sorted, first-order logics with identity “=”, as found, e.g., in Goldfarb [3].
  This paper surveys treatment, mistreatment, and non-treatment of ESNIPs in well-known logic texts  from Aristotle [2] to Goldfarb [3, pp. 233ff] with special attention to logicians such as Boole [1, pp. 47, 166] who regarded ‘everything’, ‘something’, and ‘nothing’ as proper names of classes or other higher-level entities.
  [1] GEORGE BOOLE, Laws of Thought, Introduction by J. Corcoran, Prometheus, 1854/2003. 
  [2] JOHN CORCORAN, Aristotle's Prior Analytics and Boole's Laws of Thought, History and Philosophy of Logic, vol.  24 (2003), pp. 261–288.
  [3] WARREN GOLDFARB, Deductive logic, Hackett, 2003.

In metaphysics, quantifiers are assumed to be either binary or unary. Binary quantifiers take the concept(s) "all of" and/or "some of" as primitive(s); unary quantifiers take the concept(s) "everything" and/or "something" as primitive(s). Binary quantifiers (explicitly) range over domains. However, "everything" and "something" are reducible to the binary quantifiers "all of" and "some of": "everything" is all of some implied domain, and there is no natural, default, or inherent domain U such that everything is all of U. Therefore, any quantifier ranges over a domain, and is thus binary, and there are no unary quantifiers.
This implies that if two theories assign different truth values to "Fs exist", while they agree about the relevant properties of Fs, then the two theories quantify over different domains, and a choice between these two theories is, therefore, a choice between domains. However, none of the common arguments for or against particular domains is up to the task, and therefore, there are at least some cases in which there is no single right domain. The choice for a particular domain is a pragmatic choice.
In addition to substantiating the above arguments, this paper discusses its implications for the metaphysical debate between Carnap and Quine and the contemporary controversies in meta-ontology.

This paper is about a way I have developed to model everything in the universe for both biological and artificial lifeforms. It uses Fuzzy Logic, Library Subject Indexing, System of Systems, Cause and Effect, Sensemaking,  and Interval Mathematics.

Die Relativität von " Welt " Wie Pseudoprobleme in den Neurowissenschaften, der Psychologie und der Quantenphysik durch EDWs zu vermeiden sind Reihe: Edition Centaurus – Psychologie ▶ Das Buch liefert ein neues axiomatisch-hyperontologisches Framework zum Verständnis der " Welt " und den Zugängen verschiedener Wissenschaften ▶ Zeigt Zusammenhang und Unterschiede bei den Grundbegriffen von Philososophie, Psychologie, Neurowissenschaft, Physik ▶ Beschreibt Theorieapplikationen in der Philosophie des Geistes, Neurowissenschaften, Psychologie, Allgemeiner und spezieller Relatitivitätstheorie sowie der Quantenmechanik Das Werk zeigt, inwiefern ein naives Verständnis von " Welt " der Komplexität moderner Wissenschaften nicht gerecht wird. Es liefert einen wissenschaftstheoretischen Rahmen, in dem die interdisziplinären Fragestellungen von Psychologie, Neurowissenschaften, Biologie und Quantenphysik verstanden werden können, ohne in Aporien zu führen. Auf diese Weise trägt der Autor dazu bei, dass Grundlagenprobleme wie der Zusammenhang von Körper und Geist, Gehirn und Bewusstsein oder die Lokalisierung physikalischer Objekte in Raum und Zeit angemessen verstanden werden können. Entscheidend ist dabei der jeweilige Bezugsrahmen, der zu beachten ist: Epistemisch verschiedene Welten (Epistemological Different Worlds, abgekürzt EDWs) helfen, hypertrophe Begriffe (Scheinwelten) einer " realen Welt " ab-bzw. in die jeweiligen Schranken zu verweisen.