Fanart

En este trabajo trato de presentar algunas consideraciones esclarecedoras sobre el fanart, qué es y de dónde viene; la relación que encuentro entre el fanart y el arte que estudiamos en la academia y la importancia de investigar sobre este tema/fenómeno.
    El análisis, desde un punto de vista contemporáneo y académico del fanart a través de algunas obras que nos permiten comprender su complejidad conceptual y estética, creando una línea horizontal entre el arte académico y el fanart.
    Con este trabajo trato de llamar la atención hacia un tipo de arte que ha sido pasado por alto, como hace algunos años el Art Brut o el Grafıti, porque aún no se ha mirado con detenimiento, pasándolo por el filtro que provee una educación académica en artes visuales. Para mí, el discurso que van formando los fans, no sólo a través de las imágenes que producen, sino también en la discusión estética y cultural que se lleva a cabo dentro del fandom, poco a poco va transformando, no solo a quienes participan de ello, si no también lo que consumen y la forma en que enfrentan el mundo. Esta transformación va cambiando también, poco a poco y, casi sin ser detectada, la forma en que los jóvenes consumen la cultura y la van construyendo y transformando. Yo opino que esta razón es suficiente para que comencemos a revisar más a fondo estos nichos.

Generally, textual analysis minimises the intention of the creator in the conclusions that the researcher draws in order to avoid falling into the 'intentional fallacy' (Wimsatt & Beardsley 1946), which is when a reader expects the author or creator of a text to have had a specific plan for the text's interpretation and succeeded in achieving that plan. The 'death' of the author was said to give more interpretive freedom to the viewer. In fanart, however, the intention behind the work is important because it arguably establishes a point of reference for the viewer to understand the image. The intention of this paper is to propose and model an interpretive methodology for fanart that reflects whether a text falls into one of three categories: homage, collaboration, or intervention. By modelling this method, it is the researcher's hope that other scholars may use and develop it, as well as start a conversation in the scholarly community about how certain fanart works are created, inspired, and received depending on their relationship to the originary text. This paper argues that in order to properly analyse fanart, a recognition of the author's intention and where it stands in the community is necessary.

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between fanartists and originary texts by examining the racially diverse fanart of the Harry Potter fandom, born as a reaction to the visually-supported narrative. There have been several strong analyses of fanart as a method of expression, its cultural impact, and the benefits that artists can draw from the practice. This paper focuses on the artworks themselves, analysing the way that the artists appear to have interacted with the originary texts, and the visual techniques used to express the artist’s fandom preferences. Whether the fanartists are reacting against hegemonic representations of beloved characters, or whether they are filling what they consider to be a descriptive gap in the story, their creative motivations appear to be based in their own personal, social, and cultural context, as opposed to a desire to produce a carbon-copy to the originary texts. The Harry Potter book series was adapted into eight films which provide a visual confirmation of the expectation of whiteness in the series, but a selection of fans have reacted against this by ‘racebending’ main characters – drawing and editing them as racially diverse. Some fanartists argue that they remain faithful to the series because, although the movies cast the main characters as predominately white, the books never specify race.

Resumo
O artigo apresenta e problematiza as cenas sexuais presentes na série God of
War (2005 – 2018). Discute a funcionalidade da sexualidade em seu gameplay,
e também em aspectos visuais, sonoros e interativos dos jogos do espartano
Kratos. Também aborda a representação de Kratos através da comunidade
LGBT em sites dedicados a artes feitas por fãs, e suas contradições e relações
com a proposta de um protagonista criado para reafirmar a heteronormatividade.
Por fim, apresenta polêmicas envolvendo God of War com temas LGBT e
o posicionamento dos seus criadores.
Palavras-chave: God of War; sexualidade; fanarts; representatividade; heteronormatividade.


Abstract
The article presents and problematizes the sexual scenes present in the series God of
War (2005 - 2018). Discuss the functionality of sexuality in your gameplay,
and also in visual, sound and interactive aspects of the Spartan games
Kratos. It also addresses the representation of Kratos through the community
LGBT on sites dedicated to fan-made arts, and their contradictions and relationships
with the proposal of a protagonist created to reaffirm heteronormativity.
Finally, it presents controversies involving God of War with LGBT themes and
the positioning of its creators.
Keywords: God of War; sexuality; fanarts; representativeness; heteronormativity