Fibules d'époque romaine

This article provides data on most of the finds of objects with champlevé enamels from the late Roman
period from the territory of Belarus and adjacent regions of Russia, known from various sources. Detailed
mapping of points by category has been completed. A total of 165 places with finds were noted in all regions
of Belarus, Pskov and Smolensk regions of Russia.
The northern border of the mass distribution of things with enamels of «Dnieper» types is outlined.
The finds are distributed rather unevenly in the territory under consideration, forming concentration zones
(Upper Nioman, the watershed of the rivers of the Dnieper and Western Dvina basins, the Homieĺ and
Mahilioŭ Dnieper and Sozh river region). The chronology of the things we cataloged in the region is very
wide and includes all the time of their existence. Some of the finds in the settlements are quite obviously
associated with the late Zarubintsy-Kiev tradition.
Probably the «carriers of enamels» themselves played an important and, possibly, dominant role in the
Dnieper region and in the most important transit zones on the Baltic-Black Sea and Dnieper-Volga routes.
And it is on the territory considered in this publication that most of these transit areas are concentrated,
which undoubtedly influenced the wide distribution of things of the range of champlevé enamels, which
have become a bright distinctive feature of the costume.

A cremation grave 372 from a Late Roman Period cemetery at Jartypory, eastern Poland, produced a large pelta-shaped brooch made of tin-lead bronze. The fibula is decorated with fields of dark red, blue and brownish red (maroon) enamel. Small pins in the middle of larger fields stabilise the enamel and double as decorative elements, like an central oval knob covered with lead. Enamelled pelta-shaped brooches concentrate in the Rhine and Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire, while in Barbaricum they mainly occur in the Hungarian Plain. The brooch from Jartypory belongs to a group of few pelta-shaped brooches with the most complex pattern of enamelled fields (type Vaday III/4/1/3). It is interesting that only one brooch of this type was so far registered in the Roman Empire – it comes from Pitgam in the northern part of Gallia Belgica. Except for the brooches from Jartypory and Békés-Hidasthát in Hungarian Plain, all others concentrate in the western part of Germania Magna. Most of them are stray finds, generally dated to the late 2nd and 3rd c. AD. The brooch from Jartypory was found together with a pair of brooches with returned foot, type Almgren 167b2 (i.e. with tired coils of notched wire and a head-knob), what precisely dates the assemblage to phase C1b (ca. 230-250 AD).

Pedestrian surveys carried out during several years on a vast field yielded a rather numerous Gallo-Roman material, in particular unfortunately strongly corroded coins.

Prospecté régulièrement, un vaste champ  livra de nombreux artefacts principalement gallo-romains.  Les monnaies, malheureusement très oxydées, constituent une part importante de ce matériel.

Les différentes séries de petit mobilier mises au jour dans le complexe monumental des abords est du théâtre de Mandeure constituent des témoignages utiles pour essayer de préciser les activités, les fonctions, voire les groupes sociaux qui fréquentaient ces espaces. Au-delà des objets bien identifiés comme des offrandes par destination, certains assemblages d’objets, ceux découverts en contexte de fondation notamment, invitent par ailleurs à s’interroger sur des dépôts et des pratiques rituelles plus discrètes.

M. Callewaert, L. Tholbecq et H. Wouters, Typologie, technologie et consommation des fibules émaillées en Gaule Belgique et Germanie : méthodologie et résultats préliminaires. Poster presented to the « Journée d'archéologie Romaine – Romeinendag », Namur, Belgium, in April 2013.

Les fibules romaines de l’habitation de Stupini
 
L’habitation romaine de ”Fânațele Archiudului” se trouve à l’intérieur de la province romaine de Dacie, située à peu prêt à 40-50 km distance des centres économiques et militaires de la frontière de Nord-est. L’étude analyse les types de fibules découvertes par des fouilles archéologiques effectuées dans cette habitation entre 1995-2006. L’analyse typologique des huit pièces différencie quarts types distincts : fibules fortement profilées, fibules à genou, fibules en forme de T et fibule à émail. Les 8 pièces de Stupini comprennent également des fibules fortement profilées qui peuvent dater de la seconde moitié du deuxième siècle et des premières décennies du IIIe siècle après Jésus-Christ. Pour tous les types les preuves de leur production en Dacie manquent, elles proviennent du commerce ou elles ont y été apportées par des populations venues de d’ailleurs pendant les deux guerres daco-romaines.

M. Callewaert, L. Tholbecq & H. Wouters, Elementary Analysis of Roman Enamelled Brooches of Gallia Belgica and Germania : Preliminary results. Poster presented to the « Historical Metallurgy Society 50th Anniversary Conference », London, UK, in June 2013.

Callewaert, M. (2014). Techno-typology of Roman Enamelled Brooches in Gallia Belgica and Germania Inferior: Methods and First Results of the Archaeometrical Approach. Communication présentée à Synoikismos - Séminaire doctoral inter-universitaire (12/02/2014: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium). 


M. Callewaert, L. Tholbecq & H. Wouters, Etude technologique des fibules émaillées en Gaule Belgique et Germanie : Résultats préliminaires. Poster presented to the XIXe Colloque du GMPCA "Archéométrie", Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, France, in April 2013.