Figures of Merit

Abstract—In the near future, we envision sensor net-works to transport high bandwidth, low latency streaming data from a variety of sources, such as cameras and microphones. Sensor networks will be called upon to perform sophisticated in-network processing such as image fusion ...

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will be extensively modified during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2020) at CERN [1]. This includes a new injector, Linac4, which will provide a 160 MeV H⁻ beam and a complete new injection section for the PSB composed essentially of a chicane and a stripping foil system. The equivalent of half of this new injection chicane, so-called Half-Sector Test (HST), was tempo-rarily installed in the Linac4 transfer line to evaluate the performance of the novel beam instrumentation, such as, stripping foils, monitoring screens, beam cur-rent transformers, H⁰/H⁻ monitor and dump, beam loss monitors, and beam position monitors. The results of the instrumentation commissioning of the HST are presented in this paper.

The PSB will be extensively upgraded during the next long shutdown of the CERN accelerator complex, to double the brightness of the stored beams. The existing multi-turn injection will be replaced by a charge exchange system designed for the 160 MeV hydrogen ions provided by Linac4. Part of the injection equipment has been temporarily installed along the Linac4-to-PSB transfer line and tested with beam. This allowed to gain experience with the system, test the related diagnostics and benchmark calculations with measurements. An additional permanent stripping foil test stand is also installed right after the Linac and will be used to characterise new foils for possible future applications. The main outcomes, issues and applied or planned mitigations are presented for both installations.

In the frame of the LHC Injectors Upgrade Project at CERN (LIU), the new 160MeV H Linac4 will inject into the four existing PS Booster rings after the conversion of H into H in a stripping foil. Given a limited stripping efficiency and possible foil failures, a certain percentage of the beam is foreseen to remain partially (H) or completely (H) unstripped. An internal dump installed into the chicane magnet to stop these unstripped beams is therefore required. This paper presents the conceptual design of the internal dump, reviewing loading assumptions, design constraints, limitations and integration studies. Power evacuation through the thermal contact between the core and the external active cooling is addressed and, finally, results from the numerical thermo-mechanical analyses are reported. Presented at: IPAC12, New Orleans, US, 20-25 May 2012 INTERNAL H/H DUMP FOR THE PROTON SYNCHROTRON BOOSTER INJECTION AT CERN M. Delonca, C. Maglioni, A. Patapenka, A. Sarrió Martínez, CERN, Ge...

This paper gives an introduction to multivariate calibration from a chemometrics perspective and reviews the various proposals to generalize the well-established univariate methodology to the multivariate domain. Univariate calibration leads to relatively simple models with a sound statistical underpinning. The associated uncertainty estimation and figures of merit are thoroughly covered in several official documents. However, univariate model predictions for unknown samples are only reliable if the signal is sufficiently selective for the analyte of interest. By contrast, multivariate calibration methods may produce valid predictions also from highly unselective data. A case in point is quantification from near-infrared (NIR) spectra. With the ever-increasing sophistication of analytical instruments inevitably comes a suite of multivariate calibration methods, each with its own underlying assumptions and statistical properties. As a result, uncertainty estimation and figures of mer...

This paper gives an introduction to multivariate calibration from a chemometrics perspective and reviews the various proposals to generalize the well-established univariate methodology to the multivariate domain. Univariate calibration leads to relatively simple models with a sound statistical underpinning. The associated uncertainty estimation and figures of merit are thoroughly covered in several official documents. However, univariate model predictions for unknown samples are only reliable if the signal is sufficiently selective for the analyte of interest. By contrast, multivariate calibration methods may produce valid predictions also from highly unselective data. A case in point is quantification from near-infrared (NIR) spectra. With the ever-increasing sophistication of analytical instruments inevitably comes a suite of multivariate calibration methods, each with its own underlying assumptions and statistical properties. As a result, uncertainty estimation and figures of mer...

Power density of power electronic converters in different applications has roughly doubled every 10 years since 1970. Behind this trajectory was the continuous advancement of power semiconductor device technology allowing an increase of converter switching frequencies by a factor of 10 every decade. However, today's cooling concepts, and passive components and wire bond interconnection technologies could be major barriers for

Spintronics, exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector, is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been drawing tremendous attention in spintronics owing to their distinctive spin-dependent properties, such as the ultra-long spin relaxation time of graphene and the spin–valley locking of transition metal dichalcogenides. Moreover, the related heterostructures provide an unprecedented probability of combining the different characteristics via proximity effect, which could remedy the limitation of individual 2D materials. Hence, the proximity engineering has been growing extremely fast and has made significant achievements in the spin injection and manipulation. Nevertheless, there are still challenges toward practical application; for example, the mechanism of spin relaxation in 2D materials is unclear, and the high-efficiency spin gating is not yet ach...

This paper addresses the problem of unsupervised speaker change detection. We assume that there is no prior knowledge of the number of speakers or their identities. Two methods are tested. The first method uses the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), investigates the AudioSpectrumCentroid and AudioWaveformEnvelope features, and implements a dynamic thresholding followed by a fusion scheme. The second method is a real-time one that uses a metric-based approach employing line spectral pairs (LSP) and the BIC criterion to validate a potential speaker change point. The methods are tested on two different datasets. The first set was created by concatenating speakers from the TIMIT database and is referred to as the TIMIT data set. The second set was created by using recordings from the MPEG-7 test set CD1 and broadcast news and is referred to as the INESC dataset.

Abstract—To clarify the relationship between the figures-of-merit of resonant tunneling diodes and the operating speed of a monostable–bistable transition logic element (MOBILE), we investigated the transient response of a MOBILE using a simple current–voltage characteristics model. ...

In this paper we present an efficient technique for the synthesis of very large sparse arrays, with arbitrary circularly symmetrical upper bounds for the pattern specifications. The algorithm, that is based on iterative smooth re-weighted L1 minimizations is very flexible, and is capable of achieving very good performances with respect to competitive algorithms. Furthermore, thanks to its efficiency, planar arrays of hundreds of wavelengths can be synthesized with limited computational effort.