Praktikum modul “Fuel Cell dan Sel Surya” bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah gas yang terbentuk sebagai fungsi waktu serta menghitung efisiensi pembentukan gas H2 dan O2 dengan menggunakan baterai dan sel surya. Selain itu, tujuan dari... more
Praktikum modul “Fuel Cell dan Sel Surya” bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah gas yang terbentuk sebagai fungsi waktu serta menghitung efisiensi pembentukan gas H2 dan O2 dengan menggunakan baterai dan sel surya. Selain itu, tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah menghitung efisiensi konversi gas H2 dan O2 menjadi listrik. Praktikum ini menggunakan fuel cell jenis PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) dan sel surya. Fuel cell merupakan susunan lapisan material tingkat lanjut dimana hydrogen dan oksigen dapat bereaksi satu sama lain untuk menghasilkan listrik dan air tanpa pembuangan. Metode percobaan dilakukan dengan cara mengukur perubahan tegangan dan arus setiap 20 detik selama waktu menyala baterai yang divariasikan sebanyak 5 kali. Kemudian menghitung volume gas H2 dan O2 yang terbentuk dan sambungkan dengan fuel cell agar motor bergerak. Lalu ganti baterai dengan sel surya yang dipapari dengan cahaya lampu untuk percobaan pertama dan sinar matahari untuk percobaan kedua, data yang dibutuhkan untuk kedua percobaan ini sama dengan percobaan pertama. Hipotesis pada percobaan ini adalah gas-gas yang terbentuk karena paparan sinar matahari akan lebih banyak daripada paparan cahaya lampu.
To accelerate the electrification of road transport, numerous countries are promoting the diffusion of both Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel-Cell Vehicles (FCVs). Both technologies hold unique advantages and disadvantages while... more
To accelerate the electrification of road transport, numerous countries are promoting the diffusion of both Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel-Cell Vehicles (FCVs). Both technologies hold unique advantages and disadvantages while also facing common barriers with regard to production and diffusion. Barriers may be classified into four categories: 1) supply-side (i.e. vehicle production), 2) infrastructure preparation (i.e. charging and fuelling), 3) demand-side (i.e. demand creation) and 4) institutional design. Relative to BEV literature, studies on FCV diffusion efforts are fewer. Also, while many studies highlight numerous diffusion barriers, knowledge on actual governance strategies to overcome these is lacking. Filling this gap, we examine governance measures used by government and industry in Japan to accelerate the development and diffusion of FCVs. The above framework is applied to examine coping strategies employed, unresolved challenges and potential ways to overcome these. Data are sourced from document analysis and expert interviews. Findings reveal robust measures to tackle supply-side and infrastructure challenges. Conversely, demand-side measures completely rely on public subsidies and lack regulatory measures to stimulate vehicle demand. Also, institutional strategies to increase the pool of FCV makers are lacking visible outcomes. We thus lay out several policy suggestions to overcome these unresolved challenges.
A new study investigating the cooling efficacy of air flow inside open-cell metal foam embedded in aluminum models of fuel-cell stacks is described. A model based on a commercial stack was simulated and tested experimentally. This stack... more
A new study investigating the cooling efficacy of air flow inside open-cell metal foam embedded in aluminum models of fuel-cell stacks is described. A model based on a commercial stack was simulated and tested experimentally. This stack has three proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, each having an active area of 100 cm2, with a total output power of 500 W. The state-of-the-art cooling of this stack employs water in serpentine flow channels. The new design of the current investigation replaces these channels with metal foam and replaces the actual fuel cells with aluminum plates. The constant heat flux on these plates is equivalent to the maximum heat dissipation of the stack. Forced air is employed as the coolant. The aluminum foam used had an open-pore size of 0.65 mm and an after-compression porosity of 60%. Local temperatures in the stack and pumping power were calculated for various air-flow velocities in the range of 0.2–1.5 m/s by numerical simulation and were determined...
To expand the applications of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), the testing time required to evaluate their durability must be shortened. In this article, we present a step-by-step, accelerated degradation test (ADT) procedure for... more
To expand the applications of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), the testing time required to evaluate their durability must be shortened. In this article, we present a step-by-step, accelerated degradation test (ADT) procedure for simple application by fuel cell engineers to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in DMFCs. Using MEA degradation data obtained under high stress conditions, we provide a method to estimate the lifetime distribution for normal use conditions and derive optimal testing plans for further degradation tests. A bi-exponential model with random coefficients is introduced to represent the nonlinear deterioration path of the MEAs. Based on the lifetimes estimated from the bi-exponential model at higher temperatures, the lifetime distribution at normal use temperature is extrapolated using the Weibull–Arrhenius model as the lifetime-temperature relationship.
A new study investigating the cooling efficacy of air flow inside open-cell metal foam embedded in aluminum models of fuel-cell stacks is described. A model based on a commercial stack was simulated and tested experimentally. This stack... more
A new study investigating the cooling efficacy of air flow inside open-cell metal foam embedded in aluminum models of fuel-cell stacks is described. A model based on a commercial stack was simulated and tested experimentally. This stack has three proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, each having an active area of 100 cm2, with a total output power of 500 W. The state-of-the-art cooling of this stack employs water in serpentine flow channels. The new design of the current investigation replaces these channels with metal foam and replaces the actual fuel cells with aluminum plates. The constant heat flux on these plates is equivalent to the maximum heat dissipation of the stack. Forced air is employed as the coolant. The aluminum foam used had an open-pore size of 0.65 mm and an after-compression porosity of 60%. Local temperatures in the stack and pumping power were calculated for various air-flow velocities in the range of 0.2–1.5 m/s by numerical simulation and were determined by experiments. This range of air speed corresponds to the Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter in the range of 87.6–700.4. Internal and external cells of the stack were investigated. In the simulations, and the thermal energy equations were solved invoking the local thermal non-equilibrium model—a more realistic treatment for airflow in a metal foam. Good agreement between the simulation and experiment was obtained for the local temperatures. As for the pumping power predicted by simulation and obtained experimentally, there was an average difference of about 18.3%. This difference has been attributed to the poor correlation used by the CFD package (ANSYS) for pressure drop in a metal foam. This study points to the vi-ability of employing metal foam for cooling of fuel-cell systems.
ABSTRACT A numerical 3D procedure is presented based on the Finite Volume Method to solve the governing equations of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with rhombus design. We evaluated these equations in both the anode and... more
ABSTRACT A numerical 3D procedure is presented based on the Finite Volume Method to solve the governing equations of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with rhombus design. We evaluated these equations in both the anode and cathode gas channels. In the present research, we examined the impact of rhombus design on the output characteristics of PEMFC under appropriate operating conditions and verified the outputs with experimental data. The water accumulation has a significant effect on fuel cell performance. We studied different aspects of the fuel cell to obtain the water accumulation and characteristics’ distribution of fluid flow in the gas channel and their influence on the performance of PEMFC. The current intensity and power density are the most critical elements of a fuel cell. Model B has increased the current density by one compared to the base model. The cell power consumption has been reduced by 1/4 and 1/8 ratios. The pressure drop in the presented models has been significantly reduced and controlled. The electrical power generated by Model B is 1.5 higher than the base model. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) governing equations.
A new study investigating the cooling efficacy of air flow inside open-cell metal foam embedded in aluminum models of fuel-cell stacks is described. A model based on a commercial stack was simulated and tested experimentally. This stack... more
A new study investigating the cooling efficacy of air flow inside open-cell metal foam embedded in aluminum models of fuel-cell stacks is described. A model based on a commercial stack was simulated and tested experimentally. This stack has three proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, each having an active area of 100 cm2, with a total output power of 500 W. The state-of-the-art cooling of this stack employs water in serpentine flow channels. The new design of the current investigation replaces these channels with metal foam and replaces the actual fuel cells with aluminum plates. The constant heat flux on these plates is equivalent to the maximum heat dissipation of the stack. Forced air is employed as the coolant. The aluminum foam used had an open-pore size of 0.65 mm and an after-compression porosity of 60%. Local temperatures in the stack and pumping power were calculated for various air-flow velocities in the range of 0.2–1.5 m/s by numerical simulation and were determined...
Palladium nanoparticles decorated graphene (Gra/Pd nanocomposite) was synthesized by simultaneous chemical reduction of graphene oxide and palladium salt in a single step. The negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) facilitates uniform... more
Palladium nanoparticles decorated graphene (Gra/Pd nanocomposite) was synthesized by simultaneous chemical reduction of graphene oxide and palladium salt in a single step. The negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) facilitates uniform distribution of Pd2+ ions onto its surface. The subsequent reduction by hydrazine hydrate provides well dispersed Pd nanoparticles decorated graphene. Different amount of Pd nanoparticles on graphene was synthesized by changing the volume to weight ratio of GO to PdCl2. X-ray diffraction studies showed FCC lattice of Pd with predominant (111) plane. SEM and TEM studies revealed that thin graphene nanosheets are decorated by Pd nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopic studies revealed the presence of graphene nanosheets. The electro-catalytic activity of Gra/Pd nanocomposites toward methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium was evaluated by cyclic voltammetric studies. 1:1 Gra/Pd nanocomposite exhibited good electro-catalytic activity and efficient electron transfer. The kinetics of electron transfer was studied using chronoamperometry. Improved electro-catalytic activity of 1:1 Gra/Pd nanocomposite toward alcohol oxidation makes it as a potential anode for the alcohol fuel cells.
