Girls Puberty

In the Metamorphoses of Apuleius, dreams, however bizarre, seem to have real significance for the waking world. The exact relationship of dreams to waking reality, however, is made ambiguous. Apuleius is thus able to present the most extraordinary event of all, the revelation of Isis and Lucius' conversion to her religion, in such a way that the narrative is protected from disbelief: since it is entirely directed and confirmed by a series of dreams, the possibility is left of interpreting it as a real event or as a fantasy. Two important effects result: 1) any reader's incredulity, which is inevitable, is directed towards the authority of dreams, rather than the authority of the narrator; 2) the suggestion is made that the story (especially since stories are closely related to dreams in this novel), no matter its relation to the real world, may still have real counsel for the reader.

In this paper I intend to revisit the established chronology of the Metamorphoses. I will be arguing that an ellipsis of nearly a year occurs following Charite’s wedding at 7.14, a period presumed to span merely a few weeks heretofore in Apuleian studies. Prompted by this discovery, I will conduct a re-evaluation of how Lucius handles time within his narrative by comparing this ellipsis with similar instances of temporal distortion in the novel. I will conclude by claiming that this ellipsis is a version of a temporal topos familiar from Greek romance novels, which further serves to strengthen the analogies between Lucius’ initiation and the weddings of Charite and Psyche. Both the theoretical approach and terminology employed in this paper draw primarily from Gérard Genette’s Narrative Discourse (1980) and Mieke Bal’s Narratology ([1985]2009). I will be following the scholarly edition by Robertson ([1940-1945]1985-1992), but will also note any discrepancies between scholars which a...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychosocial factors on the age at menarche of girls in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH). A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2002 to May 2003 in all Cantons of the FBH. The random stratified sample included 19.803 girls aged 9.0 to 17.5 years. Data were collected using the status quo method. Probit analysis was used to estimate median age at menarche and 95% confidence intervals. The present study shows that menarche occurred significantly earlier (p<0.05) in girls from dysfunctional families (median: 12.99 years, 95% confidence interval: 12.93-13.05) than in girls who grew up in intact families (median: 13.04 years, 95% confidence interval: 13.01-13.07). Analyzing separately the impact of each of family stressors on age at menarche, we found that menarcheal age was significantly lower in girls from single-mother families, whose parents are divorced, whose one parent is died and where alcoholism in f...

ABSTRACTIn a prospective birth cohort study of 5295 girls from the UK‐based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined the association between biological father absence in childhood and age at menarche whilst adjusting for antenatal indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage and maternal characteristics. We also examined whether exposure to maternal depression and financial problems during middle childhood mediate the association between father absence and age at menarche. There was stronger evidence for an association between father absence during the first 5 years of life and early timing of menarche compared with father absence between 5 and 10 years. There was evidence that maternal depression and major financial problems explained some of the association between early childhood father absence and age at menarche. Although father absence cannot be a direct target of prevention, family‐based programs to address family processes influenced by maternal depr...

Bande de Filles – Girlhood, is the story of Marieme, a young black woman living in the banlieue, who meets Lady, Adiatou and Fily, and becomes a member of their girl gang – the direct translation of the French title. At home, Marieme lives with an absent mother, and two young sisters she feels obligated to protect from their violent older brother. At school, Marieme wants to continue on to high school, but the guidance counselor wants to direct her toward a vocational school. Marieme is 16 years old and this is her story: she is a stereotypical figure of the young banlieue girl, living in a challenging social environment dominated by a masculine figure, expected to take over parental responsibility, failing academically and marginalized by the academic institution. This is the identity that is prescribed to young banlieue women, constructed on social stigmas, thus establishing the banlieue girl as a social category. In Bande de Filles, French director Céline Sciamma portrays Marieme...

The subject repeats, as continuously as it is unknown, the way in which he responds to what is inscribed as traumatic, just as Freud situates the reality of trauma in 1920. This excess that escapes him is placed as an incessant repetition of the impossible to be represented through language, it is the real as a missing encounter, named as tiquê by Lacan in 1964. From these freudian references on the real of trauma in lacanian work, we aim to draw a possible analogy between traumatic dreams, anxiety dreams and the horror caused in the reader of Contos Fantásticos, as well as to analyze the point at which the writer of fantastic tales seeks to create horror causing an intellectual uncertainty in the one who reads, not knowing if he is facing the real or a fiction. This theoretical work with an investigative purpose has a psychoanalytical framework and takes as its object a reading of some concepts in Freudian and Lacanian work, such as traumatic, graph of desire and object of the Other's desire. We intend to bring as an illustration the comparison of the dream concepts of the burning son in Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams and Hoffmann's Fantastic Tale, the Sandman. As a result, we can conclude that both this example and the narrative structure of Hoffmann's Fantastic Tale can demonstrate the subject's estrangement as the object of the Other's desire, the missing encounter, the astonishment and the possibility of presenting the other scene, our unconscious.

The states of sleep and wakefulness are critical physiological processes associated with different brain patterns of activity. The intracranial electroencephalogram allows us to measure these changes, thus, it is a critical tool for its study. Recently, we showed that the electrocortical temporal complexity decreased from wakefulness to sleep. Nevertheless, the origin of this complex activity remains a controversial topic due to the existence of possible artifacts contaminating the brain signals. In this work, we showed that complexity decreases during sleep, independently of the electrode configuration employed. This fact strongly suggests that the basis for the behavioral-state differences in complexity does not have an extracranial origin; i.e., generated from the brain.

The states of sleep and wakefulness are critical physiological processes associated with different brain patterns of activity. The intracranial electroencephalogram allows us to measure these changes, thus, it is a critical tool for its study. Recently, we showed that the electrocortical temporal complexity decreased from wakefulness to sleep. Nevertheless, the origin of this complex activity remains a controversial topic due to the existence of possible artifacts contaminating the brain signals. In this work, we showed that complexity decreases during sleep, independently of the electrode configuration employed. This fact strongly suggests that the basis for the behavioral-state differences in complexity does not have an extracranial origin; i.e., generated from the brain.

To illuminate which features of an unpredictable environment early in life best forecast adolescent and adult functioning, data from two longitudinal studies were examined. After decomposing a composite unpredictability construct found to predict later development, results of both studies revealed that paternal transitions predicted outcomes more consistently and strongly than did residential or occupational changes across the first 5 years of a child's life. These results derive from analyses of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, which included diverse families from 10 different sites in the United States, and from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, whose participants came from one site, were disproportionately economically disadvantaged, and were enrolled 15 years earlier than the NICHD Study sample. The finding that results from both studies are consistent with evolutionary, life history thinking regarding the importance of males ...

La descripción de características morfo-funcionales en jugadores junior por medio de protocolos básicos y de fácil acceso que evalúen aspectos relevantes para el desempeño en el tenis ayudan al desarrollo y evolución de la preparación física y el entrenamiento deportivo.

Cases of sexual harassment and sexual deviations from year to year are increasing. Many factors cause it, including technological sophistication and ease of access, the existence of a family that does not care and a less sensitive educational environment. Parties who are victims of sexual harassment are usually women, especially children who experience intellectual disabilities. Nearly half of them have experienced 10 times the harassment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of snakes and ladders media in improving understanding of sex education and preventing acts of sexual abuse and abuse in children who experience intellectual disabilities. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Research subjects were students who experienced intellectual disabilities at Bekasi Jaya Extraordinary Elementary School. Data analysis was carried out through three main stages, namely reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Snakes and ladders media is a game that uses s...

Twenty-three scientists met at Krobielowice, Poland to discuss the role of growth, nutrition and economy on body size. Contrasting prevailing concepts, re-analyses of studies in Indonesian and Guatemalan school children with high prevalence of stunting failed to provide evidence for an association between nutritional status and body height. Direct effects of parental education on growth that were not transmitted via nutrition were shown in Indian datasets using network analysis and novel statistical methods (St. Nicolas House Analysis) that translate correlation matrices into network graphs. Data on Polish children suggest significant impact of socioeconomic sensitivity on child growth, with no effect of maternal money satisfaction. Height and maturation tempo affect the position of a child among its peers. Correlations also exist between mood disorders and height. Secular changes in height and weight varied across decades independent of population size. Historic and recent Russian ...

Self-report measures of perceived pubertal timing correspond only weakly with clinical measures of "objective" physical development. Peer and school contexts shape adolescents' self-perceptions of pubertal timing. The current study examined associations between perceived pubertal timing and the pubertal timing reported by nominated friends and schoolmates. Participants included 2817 adolescents (Mage = 16.6; 49 % female; 16 % Black; 20 % Hispanic) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Three measures of pubertal timing were included: age-standardized ratings of body changes, comparisons of development relative to peers (relative timing), and, in females, age at menarche. It was hypothesized that relative timing, which explicitly asks adolescents to compare themselves to their peers, would be related to the age-standardized pubertal timing of nominated friends and schoolmates. Surprisingly, there were no associations between relative timing and age-s...

Early childhood diet is known to have importance in both child morbidity and long-term health. Many studies have attempted to characterize the pattern and duration of infant feeding practices in the past, while acknowledging the complex array of factors which determine these: cultural tradition, familial structure, fertility, and environment. The last of these has rarely been deconstructed, despite having a significant effect on all other factors, heavily influencing disease ecology and life expectancy. This study presents pilot data examining the role of environment in breastfeeding and weaning patterns at two early Anglo-Saxon (5th-6th century AD) cemetery sites in Cambridgeshire. Littleport was a Fen island community which would have faced significant threats to health from waterborne diseases inherent to living in a marshy environment, as well as “ague” (malaria), which was known to be endemic to the Fens during the pre-drainage era. The second site, Edix Hill (Barrington A), wa...

In this paper it is argued that the normative biological, social and emotional events and processes of sexual maturation in adolescence can be interpreted as stressors. The nature of these stressors varies in terms of the amount of change required to adjust to the event or process, its unexpectedness, suddenness, negativity and uncontrollableness. Young people's capacity to cope with their sexual development, and the strategies they employ, will depend on the perceived nature of the stressor, the personal characteristics and inner resources of the adolescent, and the level of accessible social support. Personal characteristics discussed include optimism and a positive outlook, hardiness, communication and social skills, restraint/ conscientiousness and sense of control. Environmental supports discussed include family, peers, school, and organised religion.

Backgrounds: Intellectual Disability students must be able to master the practice of personal hygiene during menstruation skills. However, to teach this skill to them is not easy. They need certain methods to learn these skills to get effective results. Video-Based Instruction is one method to teach these skills. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of Video-Based Instruction on the practice of personal hygiene during menstruation on Intellectual Disability students. Methods: This is quantitative research with pre-experimental type and one group pretest-posttest design. The data collection tool is a "personal hygiene" questionnaire. The data analysis method uses a paired sample t-test with the help of SPSS version 25. This research conducted at SLB Negeri 3 Central Jakarta with a total sample is 20 respondents selected by the purposive sampling technique. Results: Most respondents were 14 years old (20%), 7th grade (30%), get menarche at 12 and 13 years ...

Myths, tales and other related stories for children have significant role in all cultures since they can render the multiplicity of experiences; explain the behaviour of the physical universe; and describe human nature and society. These stories are 'the most potent means by which perceptions, values and attitudes are transmitted from one generation to the next' (Hourigan 1997, p.1). One genre of such stories is hero story. The hero story is very popular in children's literature and young adult literature since they are considered to be 'unequivocally good for children morally and mentally' (Hourigan 1997, p.3). To see how the heroic archetype has changed over time, we can explore and compare the journey of traditional female heroes with a contemporary female superhero. This research paper shows how to do an alternative activity for EFL (English as Foreign Language) college students in doing literary analysis by discussing the journey of three female heroes from ...

Objective: To analyze if the delay of the sleep-wake cycle is the effect of pubertal development, independently of age or school grade. Methods: Girls and boys between 4th and 6th grade were divided into a low pubertal stage and a high pubertal stage group. Age and school grade were controlled to isolate the effect of puberty by pairing the groups on these variables. The regular bedtime, waking time, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness were obtained through questionnaires. A Pubertal Developmental Scale with questions about bodily changes was used to determine pubertal stage. Results: Girls in high pubertal stages reported weekend bedtimes an hour later than girls in low puberty stages (low pubertal stage: 22:36±2:11 h, high pubertal stage: 23:37±1:27 h, U=215, p<0.05); there were no differences on waking time or sleep duration. Boys of different pubertal development did not have differences on any sleep parameter. Girls had a longer sleep duration compared to boys on weekends,...

A film storyboard is a large section of the film produced beforehand. Although they are like comics, they are essentially different, serving as tools in the making of the film. They allow producers to visualize the scenes and find potential problems before they occur. Many filmmakers have storyboarded only certain scenes or haven’t used them at all, but some have used it extensively in place of doing a script. This paper will examine the efficacy of the interaction between the production of Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut and storyboards by Christopher Baker, mainly the ones concerning the fantastic and dreamlike atmosphere of Arthur Schnitzler’s Dream Story in scenes such as Alice’s dream, the mask ball and the costume shop. I will try to compare parts of the storyboard with the abovementioned scenes in order to investigate their efficacy in conveying Schnitzler’s story.