In the pre-1920 Hungary in the regions of Transilvania and Partium the first urban tramway was established in Szatmárnémeti (today Satu Mare, Romania). The study presents the construction history of the tramway, its handover and operation... more
In the pre-1920 Hungary in the regions of Transilvania and Partium the first urban tramway was established in Szatmárnémeti (today Satu Mare, Romania). The study presents the construction history of the tramway, its handover and operation (routes, schedule, vehicles etc.) in the beginning of the 20th century. The two train stations of Szatmárnémeti were connected by a tramway going through the town centre. It had the exceptional feature that it was established and operated by a regional railway company, the Szatmár–Erdődi HÉV.
Abstract. This paper presents a HEV modelling and simulation that incorporates both energy management system (EMS) controller and vehicle dynamics controller (VDC) which was converted from a conventional vehicle. Prior to building the HEV... more
Abstract. This paper presents a HEV modelling and simulation that incorporates both energy management system (EMS) controller and vehicle dynamics controller (VDC) which was converted from a conventional vehicle. Prior to building the HEV model, a vehicle dynamics experiment was conducted purposely to validate to base model created in ADAMS/Car. The base and HEV vehicle model was built in ADAMS/Car whilst the controller which includes the EMS and VDC was built in MATLAB/Simulink by utilising the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The HEV model and its controllers were analyzed for its performance and characteristics using co-simulation environment between ADAMS/Car and MATLAB/Simulink. Initially, separate sets of simulations were performed to test the operations of the vehicle dynamic controller and energy management controller. The model was found to have improved in handling characteristics and the results from EMS controller was found to be in close agreement with the results of the m...
This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among blood donors and the occurrence of HEV in hepatitis viruses seropositive blood donors. Also, to investigate the correlation between the occurrence of... more
This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among blood donors and the occurrence of HEV in hepatitis viruses seropositive blood donors. Also, to investigate the correlation between the occurrence of hepatitis viruses and other risk factors (gender, age, occupation, educational level, residency and donors’ types). A total of 11,604 blood samples from apparently healthy blood donors of age range 18–60 years old were collected. The blood donors were categorized as voluntary and replacement donors. Blood samples from donors were tested for the presence of HBsAg, HCV and HEV antibodies by using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The overall results indicated that 671 out of 11,604 blood donors; 370 persons (3.188%) HCV, 295 persons (2.542%) HBV and 6 persons (0.052%) HCV and HBV; were hepatitis viruses seropositive donors. The prevalence of HEV were 193 (28.76%) among these seropositive blood donors. There is a highly significant correlation among HCV, HBV and other risk factors. Also, the HEV showed high significant with age and educational level and significant with donor types and locations. All investigated virus combinations (HEV/HCV, HEV/HBV and HEV/HCV/HBV) were highly significant with the risk factors except for occupation. In conclusion, the HEV is significantly correlated to HCV and HBV seropositive donors and should be screened among blood donors.
