Health Impact Assessment

With a simple to-follow approach and unrivaled learning support, Jarvis' Physical Examination and Health Assessment, eighth Edition is the most legitimate, total, and handily actualized answer for wellbeing evaluation in nursing. This firmly incorporated learning bundle keeps on fixating on Carolyn Jarvis' trademark clear, coherent, and comprehensive way to deal with physical assessment and wellbeing evaluation over the patient life expectancy. It's stuffed with distinctive outlines, bit by bit direction and proof based substance to give a total way to deal with wellbeing evaluation abilities and physical assessment. With a new spotlight on the present need-to-know data, the eighth version coordinates QSEN and interprofessional cooperation, highlights upgraded incorporation of LGBTQ contemplations, incorporates another independent Vital Signs part, and gives improved EHR and documentation content.

We conducted a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) focused on water and sanitation in Vinton, TX, a small rural town on the U.S./Mexico Border. We present the Vinton HIA as a case study to inform the practice of HIA in rural limited resource communities with higher than average levels of unemployment and poverty, and limited infrastructure. Household surveys, focus groups, and interviews provided quantitative and qualitative data on water sources and quality, sanitation practices, and community health. We found that some of the current water sources in Vinton did not meet drinking water standards for total dissolved solids and arsenic; the majority of septic tanks were not managed properly; and there was a short-term risk of water scarcity due to prolonged drought in the region. Prevalent ailments reported by participants included stomach problems, diarrhea, and skin problems. These ailments can be related to arsenic and/or biological organisms in water. The positive direct and indirect ...

Large-scale mass poisoning through arsenic contaminated groundwater is a global concern and Bangladesh is among the countries exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in groundwater. As arsenic is a widespread contaminant, several studies have been conducted on it but only a few of these studies were held on micro regions by assessing its role on water quality index. In this study, the source and mobilization of arsenic, its effect on soil and plant, level and consequence of toxicity in human health along with current and potential methods to eliminate arsenic from groundwater in Bangladesh were reviewed based on previous researches. Along with the review, an experimental study was also carried out in an arsenic prone region of Bangladesh named Faridpur Sadar Upazila to delineate the role of arsenic in contamination by generating two synthetic scenarios where water quality was measured by the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) method. From the review it was found that, both geogenic, as well as anthropogenic sources, contribute to arsenic affluence in groundwater in Bangladesh. The most accepted theory states that the Himalayan is the primary geogenic source of arsenic in the Bangladesh. Arsenic arrived in the aquifer transported with sediments which eventually releases into groundwater by several biogeochemical processes. This arsenic-contaminated groundwater is extensively used for drinking purpose and irrigation resulting in accumulation of arsenic in human body, soils and plants. Moreover, the accumulated arsenic in soil and plants transmits into the human body jeopardizes human health. Though, several arsenic removal technologies are now in practice in Bangladesh, more eco-friendly and convenient methods may be utilized to attenuate the level of toxicity. The experimental study revealed that, if the arsenic amount was reduced from the present condition, the overall WQI increases considerably. At one location, the index changed from category E to category B while considering a synthetic scenario of no arsenic in water. This indicates that arsenic is the key pollutant of groundwater in the area. This paper expects the kind attention of the local people and policymakers about the severity of arsenic pollution in the region.

In Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) the use of health impact assessment (HIA) as a tool for improved policy development is comparatively new. The public health workforce do not routinely assess the potential health and equity impacts of proposed policies or programs. The ...

The increasing attention to the environmental and health impacts of industrial activities by governmental regulations and by the growing awareness level in the society is forcing industrialists to reduce the use of mineral oil-based metalworking fluids as cutting fluid. Cutting fluids have been used extensively in metal cutting operations for the last 200 years. In the beginning, cutting fluids consisted of simple oils applied with brushes to lubricate and cool the machine tool. As cutting operations became more severe, cutting fluid formulations became more complex. There are now several types of cutting fluids in the market and the most common types can be broadly categorized as cutting oils or water-miscible fluids. In this review, the applicability of vegetable oil-based metalworking fluids in machining of ferrous metals has been undertaken. The advantages of metalworking fluids and its performances with respect to the cutting force, surface finish of work piece, tool wear and temperature at the cutting zone have been investigated. It has been reported in various literature that metalworking fluids, which are vegetable oil-based, could be an environmentally friendly mode of machining with similar performance obtained using mineral oil-based metalworking fluids. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. Allrightsreserved.

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890695511001726

Cardiovascular health has been identified as a prioritized community health need according to recent community health need assessment (CHNA) data. While the Affordable Care Act mandates that non-profit hospitals conduct a CHNA, little guidance exists on how to address the identified needs. Logic models provide systematic structure and necessary direction in how communities can start to address their identified health needs. Completing logic models in a non-linear fashion is encouraged to employ a strengths-based approach and verify the logic. This article provides an application of logic models as one strategy to generate a community-based program theory to improve cardiovascular health.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is the most common chronic pain syndrome encountered in medical practice, affecting females more than males, and the estimated prevalence of FM in Egypt is 1.3 %. The aim was to translate and adapt the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) into Arabic and assess reliability and validity. The Arabic version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ-A) was adapted following the forward/backward translation approach. Fifty-one female patients with FM were studied to assess psychometric properties of the FIQ-A. Reliability was analyzed by the correlation coefficient between test and retest. Internal consistency was checked by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed comparing FIQ-A with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire of Fibromyalgia (FHAQ), The Medical Outcome Survey Short-Form-36 (SF-36), and the Total Visual Analog Scale (TVAS) for FM symptom, and feasibility was assessed by the time taken in completing the FIQ-A and the proportion of patients completed the questionnaire. Patients studied were 33.2 ± 9.8 years old. Translation was concordant. Adaptation affected 4 sub-items of physical function. Test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.89 for total FIQ-A and Cronbach's alpha was 0.76. Excellent to good statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the FIQ-A items and HAQ, FHAQ, and SF-36. The FIQ-A is a reliable, valid for measuring health status and physical function in Arabic-speaking FM patients.

This HIA shows how Seattle’s Delridge Corridor Multimodal Transportation Project, through changing the way that residents move through and interact with their environment and each other, has the potential to profoundly improve disparities, and increase the health and wellbeing of the overall community. The recommendations provided here will assist SDOT, DPD, policymakers, and community stakeholders enhance the health- and equity-promoting aspects of this project.

Mental Health in All Policies (MHiAP) is an approach to promote population mental health and wellbeing by initiating and facilitating action within different non-health public policy areas. MHiAP emphasises the impacts of public policies on mental health determinants, strives to reduce mental health inequalities, aims to highlight the opportunities offered by mental health to different policy areas, and reinforces
the accountability of policy-makers for mental health impact. The MHiAP approach can be applied at all administrative levels, ranging from local authorities to the EU level.

The EU Joint Action for Mental Health and Wellbeing set out to map, assess, disseminate and pilot good practices within an MHiAP approach. In this respect, the term mental health incorporates both mental wellbeing and mental disorder. Mental health is perceived as an important resource for the
wellbeing of individuals, families and societies, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of mental health. The Joint Action is underpinned by the notion that mental health is more crucial today than it has ever been. This is due to its broad range of impacts and due to the increase in
mental capacity required by the transition from a society dominated by manual work into an information
society, and by the notion that a range of cost-effective public mental health interventions exists but are not widely implemented.

Mental health has a substantial and broad set of impacts across policy areas. Mental disorders constitute one third of the disease burden in Europe, a figure which is on the increase. Not only do mental disorders cause a significant loss of work days and decrease in European productivity, but also immense
individual and family suffering. Mental disorders also have profound negative effects on academic achievements. A shift in this trend requires coordinated implementation of a range of effective public mental health interventions to promote mental wellbeing and prevent mental disorders.

Many individual, familial and societal determinants of mental health lie in non-health policy domains such as social policy, taxation, education, employment and community design. It is now recognised that the very foundations of mental health are laid down early in life and are later supported by positive
nurturing, high social capital, a good work life and a sense of meaning. Many of these factors can be enhanced through the MHiAP approach in non-health sectors and, therefore, remain important targets for mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention interventions. Examples of effective
interventions to promote population mental health include interventions in local communities, parenting support and home visiting programmes as well as school based programmes.

Lessons learned from the promotion of physical health indicate that the road to improved mental health among populations lies less in the investment in late-coming mental health services, but more in a co-ordinated public mental health programme to implement large-scale promotion and prevention activities.

Globalisation and European integration have strengthened the influence of international actors on health determinants and thus reduced the power and opportunities of national health policies. Increasingly, mental health determinants lie in the areas of EU policy and international agreements. EU legislation and actions in many non-health fields can have a decisive impact on the mental health of EU citizens. This calls for an active civic society to minimise potential negative mental health impacts and to create strong local communities which are conducive to mental health.

This paper attempts to investigate the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth in Nigeria. The research developed a structural macroeconometric model consisting of four blocks made up of supply, private demand ,government and external sectors. The model deploys 18 simultaneous equations and 100 variables to capture the required proxies. The research adopted a three-stage least squares (3SLS) technique and macroeconometric model of simultaneous equations to capture the disaggregated impact of FDI on the different sectors of the economy and the inter-linkages amongst the sectors in order to give better insight into the variations inherent therein. The finding shows that FDI has a significant impact on output of the economy but that the growth effects of FDI differ across sectors. The paper recommends sector-specific policies, enhanced trade openness, import substitution development strategy incentives to existing investors, and potential overseas investors so as to enhance the development of the country.

Climate change and energy vulnerability present significant challenges for the development and sustainability of our communities. The adverse effects will most likely impact on those already experiencing poverty, as energy and food costs will rise thus increasing inequalities in health. Transition Town initiatives seek to build cohesive sustainable communities to prepare for a future with limited oil and a changing climate. Increasingly practitioners of Public Health are interested in the role of Transition Towns as a community development initiative, and their potential to support the wider Public Health agenda.

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is an evidence-based process that aims to predict the positive and negative impacts of a strategy, proposal or development. The HIA process provides an opportunity to promote sustainable communities, by ensuring that new strategies and developments are considered in the context of their contribution to the health and wellbeing of local populations.

The aim of this study was to use a Health Impact Assessment to examine the potential health and wellbeing benefits of two related Transition Town initiatives.

We develop a framework for assessing the net benefits of investments to promote bicycling, which explicitly accounts for internal costs of bicycling. We apply our model to eight Swiss cities using data from the Swiss national travel survey and find that increasing the level of bicycling by reducing internal costs leads to inframarginal benefits that exceed the net benefits from the additional bicycling.
We further find that Swiss cyclists only partially internalize health benefits, which affects the benefits from infrastructure investments but also implies that there is scope for “soft” measures that would inform users about health benefits
of bicycling.

Pesticide risk and impact assessment models critically rely on and are sensitive to information describing dissipation from plants. Despite recent progress, experimental data are not available for all relevant pesticide−plant combinations, and currently no model predicting plant dissipation accounts for the influence of substance properties, plant characteristics, temperature, and study conditions. In this study, we propose models to estimate half-lives for pesticide dissipation from plants and provide recommendations for how to use our results. On the basis of fitting experimental dissipation data with reported average air temperatures, we estimated a reaction activation energy of 14.25 kJ/mol and a temperature coefficient Q 10 of 1.22 to correct dissipation from plants for the influence of temperature. We calculated a set of dissipation half-lives for 333 substances applied at 20 °C under field conditions. Half-lives range from 0.2 days for pyrethrins to 31 days for dalapon. Parameter estimates are provided to correct for specific plant species, temperatures, and study conditions. Finally, we propose a predictive regression model for pesticides without available measured dissipation data to estimate half-lives based on substance properties at the level of chemical substance class. Estimated half-lives from our study are designed to be applied in risk and impact assessment models to either directly describe dissipation or as first proxy for describing degradation.

"Sarakham Makham Laem " (Covering the canopy of the existing tamarind tree), is an idiom in the past that referred to Maha Sarakham City Municipality. which is another word about the memory that indicates the identity of the city, Cultivation of tamarind trees in the city On the side of Nakhon Sawan Road, which is an important road of Maha Sarakham City, there are historical landmarks in the city and the former government center, by planting tamarind trees along Nakhon Sawan Road in the past, the shape of the bush is trimmed to look like a pointed bush, however over time Physical characteristics of tamarind trees are growing, Both the shape of the tree and the canopy change with age, causing problems of toppling and death of large tamarind trees in the area.

Amid sawmill busy lives, air pollution is one of the greatest casualties of our time and has increased worldwide since 1990. Today, the history of air pollution in sawmills accounts for 93.32% of the total number of wood processing industries in Nigeria, it seems daunting, overwhelming and have positioned the country at a perilous crossroad. For emerging nations such as Nigeria with a population projected to hit 410.6 million humans by 2050 with up to 40-60 million people with mental disorders at the moment, consequently more than 40,000 deaths a year will be due to air pollution. 7 million deaths worldwide is attributed to air pollution with the number set to increase significantly in coming decades mostly through non-communicable diseases like lung cancer, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also through acute respiratory infections like pneumonia. Similarly, around 90% of all people breathe air contaminated with pollutants. In 2015, tobacco caused 7 million deaths, 1.2 million AIDS, 1.1 million cases of tuberculosis and 0.7 million of malaria, 19% of all cardiovascular deaths, 24% of all deaths due to ischaemic heart disease. 21% of stroke deaths, and 23% of deaths from lung cancer. Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 70% of deaths from air pollution and are a major cause of unexplained infections. In addition, air pollution seems to be significant but it is still not a determinant factor of the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in children and neurodegenerative diseases in adults. This study assessed ambient air quality in major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis,