Human Mobility Patterns

Malaysia mengalami kadar mobiliti penduduk yang masih tinggi kerana faktor urbanisasi yang menggalakkan perubahan ke atas ekonomi, sosial dan teknologi moden serta persekitaran. Corak mobiliti sama ada dalam bentuk harian mahupun migrasi tidak terhad kepada golongan tertentu sahaja, malahan melibatkan semua peringkat umur dan gender serta dari pelbagai latarbelakang sosio-ekonomi. Phenomena mobiliti penduduk ini telah memberikan impak yang positif kepada pembangunan bandar. Sebaliknya, ianya juga turut menimbulkan kesan negatif terutamanya apabila sektor bandar tidak berupaya untuk memenuhi kehendak daripada mobiliti tersebut. Kertas kerja ini memfokuskan kepada senario dan tren mobiliti khusus kepada migrasi penduduk di Malaysia. Ianya cuba meneliti kenapa Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur kekal menjadi tumpuan utama migrasi di masa kini sedangkan banyak bandar-bandar baharu sama ada di Selangor mahupun di seluruh negara. Metodologi kajian melibatkan kaedah sorotan literatur dan analisis terhadap data-data migrasi daripada bancian pelbagai tahun (1980, 1991, 2000, dan 2010), berasaskan teknik Model Komponen Berganda dan disokong oleh olahan semula terhadap penemuan-penemuan daripada kajian terdahulu. Kertas kerja ini mengakhiri dengan rumusan penutup berkisarkan kepada kepentingan memahami corak dan kehendak migrasi dalam proses menentukan intensiti pembangunan yang lebih lestari dan sejahtera di masa depan.

Human mobility triggers how fast and where infectious diseases spread and modelling community flows helps assess the impact of social distancing policies and advance our understanding of community behaviour in such circumstances. This study investigated the relationship between human mobility and the surging incidence of COVID-19 in India. We performed a generalised estimating equation with a Poisson log-linear model to analyse the daily mobility rate and new cases of COVID-19 between 14 March and 11 September 2020. We found that mobility to grocery and retail locations was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with the incidence of COVID-19, these being crowded and unorganised in most parts of India. In contrast, visits to parks, workplaces, and transit stations did not considerably affect the changing COVID-19 cases over time. In particular, workplaces equipped with social distancing protocols or low-density open spaces are much less susceptible to the spread of the virus. These findings suggest that human mobility data, geographic information, and health geography modelling have significant potential to inform strategic decision-making during pandemics because they provide actionable knowledge of when and where communities might be exposed to the disease.

This paper attempts to discuss the characteristics and spatial distribution of urban migrants in the Klang Valley region, Malaysia. The paper will first provide an overall picture about the urban migration scenarios and its influence on urban development. Then, it is followed by a discussion on the findings from a survey of migration behavioural in the Klang Valley region. The paper has found that most of the migrants in the areas of the Klang Valley came from outside the Klang Valley. They are dominated by a group of the 35-44 in age. Most of them are educated with a good job, have higher income and possess their own house. So, this age group influenced the characteristics of demographic and socioeconomic of the population in the Klang Valley. At the early stage of arrival, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) became the concentration of urban migrants in the region, before they slowly phased out to the neighbouring areas such as the MPKj (the Kajang Municipal Council), MBSA (the Shah Alam City Council) and MPSJ (the Subang JayaMunicipal Council). This paper also illustrates the spatial distribution of urban migration in the Klang Valley based on the seven factors of migration decision-selectivity or destination choices. This paper ends with a discussion on how the urban planners should respond to the migration needs and issues for the betterment of urban development in the future.

The objective of this article is to analyze the use of the studies in archaeobiology for the research about the mobility of the human groups in the Upper Palaeolithic. Specifically , it focuses on outlining the patterns of mobility of the hunter-gatherer groups who inhabited the Urola river valley (Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain) during the 19500 cal BP, using the correlations between the palynological and the faunistic evidences. For this analysis, we have selected the caves of Ekain, Erralla and Amalda, all of them located in the middle Urola River. With the zooarchaeological and palynological evidences correlated, we have proceeded to establish the catchment areas of the faunistic resources consumed by the human groups that inhabited the studied territory , and to establish the relations between the three archaeological sites, presenting a mobility model according to the characteristics of each of the caves.

Because of their role in weight bearing, the bones normally used to infer mobility patterns in past populations are the femur and the tibia. Nevertheless, studies of living hominoids and modern human athletes have demonstrated that the structural properties of the fibula are significantly correlated with mobility patterns. This study assess variation in fibular cross-sectional properties (CA, I max , I min , and J) within a sample of 155 individuals from the Late Upper Paleo-lithic (LUP), Neolithic and Iron Age of Italy, Medieval Germany, and contemporary athletes (long distance runners, field hockey players) and controls. The aim of this research is to investigate the correspondence between fibular diaphyseal properties and inferred mobility patterns in past populations. Cross-sectional measurements were taken at the midshaft, and both fibular rigidity and the ratio of tibial to fibular rigidity were analyzed (see Marchi, 2007). LUP, Neolithic and Iron Age samples display the highe...

This paper attempts to discuss the characteristics and spatial distribution of urban migrants in the Klang Valley region, Malaysia. The paper will first provide an overall picture about the urban migration scenarios and its influence on urban development. Then, it is followed by a discussion on the findings from a survey of migration behavioural in the Klang Valley region. The paper has found that most of the migrants in the areas of the Klang Valley came from outside the Klang Valley. They are dominated by a group of the 35-44 in age. Most of them are educated with a good job, have higher income and possess their own house. So, this age group influenced the characteristics of demographic and socioeconomic of the population in the Klang Valley. At the early stage of arrival, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) became the concentration of urban migrants in the region, before they slowly phased out to the neighbouring areas such as the MPKj (the Kajang Municipal Council), MBS...

Demographic changes, including generational changes, determine the development of new mobility patterns, supported by modern technologies. However, the car is still the dominant mean of transport in cities, mainly because of travel comfort, shorter travel times and no need to switch to other modes of transport. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on mobility patterns of representatives of the Polish generation Y, to compare them with published research results of other researchers, and to create their own classification of these models. The first part of the paper presents results of a literature review. The next part characterizes survey method, chosen for carrying out scientific research. The following section mentions research results. The end of the article includes conclusions, research contribution, limitations and further research plans and guidelines. The study allows identifying the behaviour and attitudes of people representing the Y generation in Poland, as well as the expectations of urban and suburban transport. The characteristics of mobility patterns presented by representatives of Generation Y were compared with the findings of other individual researchers and research centres. As a result of the comparative analysis, the author concludes that representatives of Generation Y are characterized by different patterns of mobility than other groups surveyed by other researchers, although there are many common characteristics for them, such as the approach to environmental issues, the tendency to save on operating costs.

In this study, call detail records (CDR), covering Budapest, Hungary, are processed to analyze the circadian rhythm of the subscribers. An indicator, called wake-up time, is introduced to describe the behavior of a group of subscribers. It is defined as the time when the mobile phone activity of a group rises in the morning. Its counterpart is the time when the activity falls in the evening. Inhabitant and area-based aggregation are also presented. The former is to consider the people who live in an area, while the latter uses the transit activity in an area to describe the behavior of a part of the city. The opening hours of the malls and the nightlife of the party district are used to demonstrate this application as real-life examples. The proposed approach is also used to estimate the working hours of the workplaces. The findings are in a good agreement with the practice in Hungary, and also support the workplace detection method. A negative correlation is found between the wake-up time and mobility indicators (entropy, radius of gyration): on workdays, people wake up earlier and travel more, while on holidays, it is quite the contrary. The wake-up time is evaluated in different socioeconomic classes, using housing prices and mobile phones prices, as well. It is found that lower socioeconomic groups tend to wake up earlier.