ICN

—Emergency never runs with earlier intimations and indications. In the real world and practical life, detecting and perceiving such emergencies and reporting them are a genuine test and tough challenge. Smartphones Systems for Emergency Management (SPSEM) provide details of existing emergency applications and provide a new direction to overcome the traditional problem having manual intercession and reporting emergencies. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of SPSEM. We elaborate how embedded sensors automate the procedure of emergency crisis detection and responding. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the operations, benefits, limitations, emergency applications and responsiveness in any emergency crisis of different approaches. We provide an easy and concise view of the underlying model adapted by each SPSEM approach. In last, we estimate the future utility and provide an insight of upcoming trends in SPSEM.

The algorithm to determine the place where network functions are located and how much capacities of network function flexibly are required is essential for economical NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)-based network design. The authors proposed a placement algorithm of virtual routing function and virtual firewall function in the NFV-based network for minimizing the total network cost and developed the effective allocation guidelines for these virtual functions. This paper proposes an NFV-based virtual cache placement algorithm for cost-effective content delivery service such as video streaming, which judges the optimal placement of the cache per content, not on a virtual machine (VM) like the conventional CDN (virtual CDN). Moreover, the content is dynamically cached at the time of first content delivery like ICN (Information-Centric Networking) without placing the cache in advance like CDN .Our evaluation results revealed that the proposed algorithm could reduce total network costs by about 15% compared with CDN .Even if the content cache is deployed economically, performance will degrade if the latency between the content cache and user terminals is long. In order to prevent such a case, this paper also propose a cost-effective placement method of NFV-based WAN accelerator function.

With development of internet and the enormous growth of contents over networks, that motivated the researchers to proposed new paradigm model called Information Centric Networks ICN , the most features of ICN model is based on the content itself, instead, of the server located the contents over internet. This new model has a lot of challenges such as, mobility of contents, naming, replications, cashing, communications, and the security issue to secure the contents, customer, and providers. In this paper we will focus on ICN Model and propose solutions of security to protect the network elements, since the security is based on the packet itself rather than the host-centric.

In the last couple of years, Information Centric Networking (ICN) has gained momentum as increasing number of patches for various issues (like mobility, security, availability etc.) have transformed TCP/IP into a complex and delicate network architecture. Among many core functionalities of ICN, pervasive in-network caching has potential to play an indispensable role in ameliorating the overall network performance. The paper thus aims to empirically evaluate the performance of some of the existing in-network caching techniques and also proposes a new caching technique. More specifically, in the first part of the paper, it is empirically proven that off-path caching performs the best, as compared to on-path and edge caching in terms of hit rate, average retrieval delay, cache diversity and external traffic over expensive links. In second part of the paper, EDOP caching has been proposed as hybrid caching strategy that couples effectively off-path caching with edge caching. The results exhibit that EDOP caching effects significant improvement in average retrieval delay for the top most popular contents while inducing marginal trade-off in other relevant performance metrics.

—Information dissemination as the sole functionality driving the current Internet trend has been of keen interest for its manageability. Information Centric Network (ICN) proposed as a new paradigm shift to mitigate the predicted traffic of the current Internet. However, caching as an advantageous building block of ICN is faced with the challenges of content placement, content replacement and eviction. The current practice of ICN caching has given birth to the problems of content redundancy, path redundancy and excessive wastage of bandwidth. This study analyze the intelligence in cache content management to palliate the gross expenses incurred in the ICN practice. The use of the current factors in previous studies in recency and frequency in content usage plays delicate roles in our study. Replacement strategies are agreed to influence the entire cache-hit, stretch and network diversity.

Replacement policy in Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a necessary and current, function as an important part in Interest packet caching. Pending Interest Table (PIT) is the main and core cache tables in CCN and plays a significant role for recording the information of Interest packets that are forwarded but are still waiting for matching with incoming Data packets. However, PIT management is more fundamental with regard to CCN operations for better memory efficiency. The PIT size determination of the forwarding system is a difficult problem in PIT management. Due to the limited PIT sizing, PIT replacement is utilized to remove the current entry from PIT and constructing a new space for the incoming entry to it. In a disaster area, this problem is due to the massive Interest packet that generating by survivors from the disaster and rescuers. The PIT overflow could be subjected due to use of long Interest lifetimes that would simultaneously increase the number of entries in the PIT. Thus particularly when there is no flexible replacement policy, hence affecting PIT performance.  Therefore, the ultimate aim of this paper is to develop the replacement policy that can deal with this problem. The proposed policy is a PIT management based on CCN PIT replacement policy for  managing the PIT during a natural disaster, which can lead to mitigating PIT overflowing. The results showed the overall scenarios, the proposed policy better PIT memory usage as well as decreasing the Interest drop, delay time, Interest lifetime and Interest retransmission. A positive significance influence in this work would be to presents a formulate a rule as a function which can decrease the delay and thus be leading to increasing PIT utilization, which will be very much useful for survivors, emergency rescue teams as well as emergency operation centers.

Information-centric networking architectural design
make it prone to support environments attaining a high-degree of mobility: ICN is content-oriented, connection-less, and receiver-driven. Still, mobility management support in ICN requires further tuning. Solutions being developed often consider the principles of mobility management in IP-based networks, in an attempt to achieve interoperability. The downside of this is endangering the advantages that are naturally provided by a networking architecture that is content-centric. This paper provides an overview on how ICN paradigms handle mobility management, highlighting current challenges and proposing guidelines to overcome them, thus steering a vision towards a content-centric mobility management approach.

—The current internet architecture is inefficient in fulfilling the demands of newly emerging internet applications. To address this issue, several over-the-top application-level solutions have been employed, making the overall architecture very complex. Information-centric-networking (ICN) architecture has emerged as a promising alternative solution. The ICN architecture decou-ples the content from the host at the network level and supports the temporary storage of content in an in-network cache. Fundamentally , the ICN can be considered a multisource, multicast content-delivery solution. Because of the benefits of network coding in multicasting scenarios and proven benefits in distributed storage networks, the network coding is apt for the ICN architecture. In this study, we propose a solvable linear network-coding scheme for the ICN architecture. We also propose a practical implementation of the network-coding scheme for the ICN, particularly for the content-centric network (CCN) architecture, which is termed the coded CCN. The performance results show that the network-coding scheme improves the performance of the CCN and significantly reduces the network traffic and average download delay.

Scalable group key management solutions are crucial for supporting Internet applications that are based on a group communication model. Many solutions have been proposed and of these the most efficient and scalable ones are based on logical key hierarchies (LKH) with symmetric keys organized in a tree. However, these solutions centralize trust in the group controller and make it an attractive attack target for access to communication keys for all groups supported by the controller. In this paper we propose a novel group key management approach, which uses a partially trusted controller that does not have access to communication keys and yet provides the same level of efficiency and scalability as LKH schemes. For this we develop a new public-key encryption scheme, which is based on El Gamal, and we show that the scheme is as secure as El Gamal.

This paper proposes an architecture for distributed management of upper layer protocols and network services called Trace. Based on the IETF Script MIB, the architecture provides mechanisms for the delegation of management tasks to mid-level managers, which interact with monitoringand action agents to have them executed. The paper introduces PTSL (Protocol Trace Specification Language), a graphical/ textual language created to allow network managers to specify protocol traces. The specifications are used by mid-level managers to program the monitoring agents. Once programmed, these agents start to monitor the occurrence of the traces. The information obtained is analyzed by the mid-level managers, which may ask action agents for the execution of procedures (Perl scripts), makingthe automation of several management tasks possible.

Today CODART celebrates its 21st anniversary. Since it was founded on 18 June 1998 by Gary Schwartz and the Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN), CODART has been connecting curators of Dutch and Flemish art in museums around the globe which has led to increased visibility and accessibility of this heritage for a wider audience.

... On the other hand, multimedia services are known to be very resource intensive and tend toexhaust battery resources quickly. ... to the proxy when requesting for the video, based on his/her quality preference as well as concern for battery consumption. ... Basic statistics of abc news ...

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a novel modern architecture for the Internet in the future. This architecture concentrates on content retrieval and dissemination solution for communication models. Forwarding strategies are decision-making strategies whose aim is to define the forwarding destination, i.e., where and when request packets will be redirected. They are considered as the most crucial component in a network environment because of their contribution to determining which strategy is suitable to adopt in accordance with the environment and the applications. These strategies have not been initially designed to support complex applications and interactions that require Interest packet send rate, CCN table sizing, refreshing Pending Interest Table (PIT), and Content Store (CS), such as disaster scenarios, social network, and smart applications. The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of CCN forwarding strategies in disaster scenarios. A network simulator (i.e., ndnSIM) is utilized to measure the performance in many scenarios by modifying Interest packet rate, PIT size, and CS size. Evaluation results achieved after performing the study on the selected strategies are considerably enhanced for the metrics cache hit, PIT size, Interest retransmissions, number of hops, delay, and Interest delivery. The main significance of this work is that it formulates a universal rule as the main function, which can adopt a suitable forwarding strategy accurately in accordance with the PIT and CS conditions and Interest packet rate, thus leading to increased Interest packet satisfaction utilization without increasing Interest packet retransmission and response delay.

In real networks, an experimental measure of Quality of Service parameters is fundamental in the planning process of new services over novel network infrastructures. In this work we provide an empirical performance study of a real heterogeneous wireless network with respect to delay, jitter, throughput and packet loss, in UDP and TCP environments, by using an innovative tool for network

Information dissemination has recently been overtaken by the huge media-driven data shared across different platforms. Future Internet shall greatly be concerned about pervasion and ubiquity of data on all devices. Information-Centric Network seems the challenging paradigm that aims at guaranteeing the flexibility needed when the data explosion occurs. Caching is thus an option that provides the flexibility that manages data exchange practices. Different caching issues has raised concern about the content flooded all over the Internet. In line with the challenges, Bee-Colony Optimization Algorithm (B-COA) has been proposed in this paper to avail content on the Internet with less referral cost and heavy monopoly of data on hosts. It is believed that the
advantages of the grouping and waggle phase could be used to place the contents faster in ICN.