Innate Principles

Philosophical antagonism and dispute — by no means confined to the early modern period — nonetheless enjoyed a moment of particular ferment as new methods and orientations on questions of epistemology and ethics developed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. John Locke played a key part in them with controversies initiated by the Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690). This essay develops a wider typology of modes of philosophical quarrelling by focusing on a key debate — the issue of whether human nature came pre-endowed with innate ideas and principles, resulting in a moral consensus across mankind, or remained, on the contrary, dependent on reason to achieve moral insight, and, in practice, divided by diverse and irreconcilable cultural practices as a result of the force of custom and the limited purchase of reason. The essay ultimately concludes on the idea that we should not only attend to the genealogy of disputes but also to the morphology of disputation as a practice.

Kant posits the schema as a hybrid bridging the generality of pure concepts and the particularity of sensible intuitions. However, I argue that countenancing such schemata leads to a third-man regress. Siding with those who think that the midway posit of the Critique of Pure Reason's schematism section is untenable, my diagnosis is that Kant's transcendental inquiry goes awry because it attempts to analyze a form/matter union that is primitive. I therefore sketch a nonrepresentational stance aimed at respecting this primitivity.

In this paper I argue that Legate et al.’s (2013) “evisceration” of Levinson (2013) should be rejected on factual and ethical grounds. Instead of addressing shortcomings of Levinson (2013) Legate et al. add their own misrepresentations, mischaracterizations, and double standards (making the title Recursive Misrepresentations mostly self-referential). I conclude that one can hardly expect any progress in the recursion debate before the disrespectful attitude towards intellectual opponents is eliminated from bio-linguistics.

Editor/Co-author of my Collected Essays (on behavioral science) Needed (it's on ethology, ontogeny, developmental psychology, and general psychology) Editor/Co-author of my Collected Essays (on behavioral science) Needed I have approximately 1000 pages of essays on new, more-empirical perspectives for Psychology (esp. General Psychology and Developmental Psychology-but relevant and important for Psychology in general).
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Normalmente, estuda-se ou a filosofia política ou a teoria do conhecimento de John Locke. Uma implicação entre estes dois campos do saber, raramente, é encontrada nos livros. Contudo, fazê-la parece ser de vital importância. No Livro I do Ensaio sobre o Entendimento Humano, John Locke defende a posição de que o inatismo é uma doutrina do preconceito, podendo levar a uma atitude de " credulidade cega " em seus governantes. O resultado político dessa atitude é a rejeição da concepção paternalista e despótica do poder. Locke refuta convincentemente as teorias inatistas, sejam elas epistemológicas ou políticas. Assim, a questão que se propõe este trabalho é mostrar quais os argumentos de caráter epistemológico apóiam os argumentos políticos da filosofia de Locke, sobretudo, aqueles que visam a refutar o absolutismo.

The political philosophy or the theory of knowledge of John Locke is normally studied. Rarely, an implication between these two fields of knowledge is found in books. However, to do so, seems to be of vital importance. In the Book I of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke defends the position that the innatism is a doctrine of the preconception, being able to lead to an attitude of " blind credulity " in its governors. The political result of this attitude is the rejection of the paternalist and absolute conception of the power. Locke convincingly refutes the epistemological or political innatist theories. Thus, the question considered in this work is to show which arguments of epistemological character base the political arguments of Locke's philosophy, over all, those that aim to refute the absolutism.