Ischaemic heart disease

The aim of this project is to implement the heart disease prediction application. Many people all over the world like nearly 60% of the world's population are now-a-days suffering from heart disease. Heart Disease Prediction system is an android application which helps the users for the easy prediction, prevention and curing of the disease. An android application gets the disease name as the output based on the data provided by the user or patient. Android application is also used to get the preventive measures like nearby doctor details, hospitals details and location for hospitals. Proposed system consists of an intelligent system which works on the machine learning algorithms like KNN. The data entered by the user is compared with some existing standard datasets to get probability. KNN used to find the probability.

Abstract. Objectives. To compare cardiovascular risk factor levels between non-westernized Melanesians, apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease [1], and healthy Swedish populations, and to analyse, among adult Melanesians, relations with age, sex and smoking status.Design. Cross-sectional survey.Subjects. (i) Traditional horticulturalists in Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, uninfluenced by western diet. This study tested 151 males and 69 females aged 14–87 years with 76% and 80% smokers over 20 years, (ii) Healthy Swedish reference populations.Main outcome measures. Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index, circumferences of waist, pelvis and mid upper arm, triceps skinfold thickness, fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein Al and apolipo-protein (a).Results. Compared to Sweden, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness were substantially lower in Kitava, where all subjects ≥ 40 years were below Swedish medians. Among males ≥ 20 and females ≥ 60 years systolic blood pressure was lower in Kitavans. Fasting serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were 10–30% lower in Kitavan males ≥ 40 and females ≥ 60 years. Triglycerides were higher in Kitavans aged 20–39. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ while apolipoprotein Al was lower in Kitavans. Apolipoprotein (a) tended to be lower in Kitavans, but the differences were small.Conclusions. Of the analysed variables, leanness and low diastolic blood pressure seem to offer the best explanations for the apparent absence of stroke and ischaemic heart disease in Kitava. The lower serum cholesterol may provide some additional benefit. Differences in dietary habits may explain the findings.

T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery (T2w-STIR) imaging is the best approach for oedema-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it suppresses the signal from flowing blood and from fat and enhances sensitivity to tissue fluid. The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate the clinical use and application of this technique in various ischaemic and non-ischaemic conditions. In ischaemic heart disease, T2w-STIR represents the technique of choice for detecting oedema in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), allowing discrimination of acute and chronic injuries. Myocardial haemorrhage may also be depicted as a region of signal abnormality characterised by a central hypointense core with a peripheral hyperintense rim, presumably reflecting the presence of intracellular methaemoglobin within the necrotic area. In the acute setting, elevated T2 relaxation times in association with regional contractile dysfunction but no signs of delayed enhancement may al...

To explore whether exposure among firefighters to fire smoke could lead to an increased risk of cancer, lung disease, and heart disease, the mortality of 4546 firefighters who were employed by the cities of Seattle and Tacoma, WA and Portland, OR for at least one year between 1944 and 1979 were compared with United States national mortalities and with mortality

To document the indications, results and complications associated with surgery for tophaceous gout in Middlemore Hospital. A retrospective study of the notes of all patients who underwent surgery for tophaceous gout at Middlemore Hospital from July 1995 to July 2001 was performed. Serum creatinine and uric acid results were obtained and the use of allopurinol assessed. 45 patients underwent surgery for gouty tophi. 89% were males and 11% females. 16% were Maori, 38% Pacific people, 42% Europeans and 4% were from other ethnic backgrounds. Renal impairment (serum creatinine. >0.11 mmol/L) was the most common associated medical problem (38%), followed by hypertension (27%), ischaemic heart disease and/or congestive heart disease (20%) and diabetes mellitus (18%). 68% of patients had elevated serum urate levels (>0.42 mmol/L) and only 31% had previously been taking allopurinol. Sepsis control in infected or ulcerated tophi was the main indication for surgery (51%), followed by mec...

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a known risk factor for the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Various studies have been conducted in the western countries to know the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with DVT and in general population. There is no documented literature of the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in Indian population. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in cases of DVT in our population. To evaluate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia, a prospective cross sectional study done on a total of 70 patients admitted in KLES Dr Prabhakar Kore hospital, Belgaum, India. DVT was confirmed by Doppler examination. Serum homocysteine was measured and the data analysed. Statistical significance was calculated using chi square test. A total of 70 patients were studied of which 53 were males and 17 were females. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia among the cases of DVT was 31.428%.The prevalence among males was 35.85% and among females was 17.64%.There was statistically significant association between hyperhomocysteinemia and presence of ischaemic heart disease with a p value of 0.005 on chi square analysis. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in cases of deep vein thrombosis in our population was 31.428%. There was a statistically significant association between hyperhomocysteinemia and ischaemic heart disease.

"Background. Treatment of hyperlipidemia is helpful in both primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke. Aim. To compare lipid-lowering efficacy of rosuvastatin with atorvastatin. Methodology. This open-label randomized controlled trial was carried out at 1 Mountain Medical Battalion from September 2012 to August 2013 on patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, or stroke, meriting treatment with a statin. Those with secondary causes of dyslipidemia were excluded. Blood samples for estimation of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C were collected after a 12-hour fast. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either atorvastatin 10 mg HS or rosuvastatin 5 mg HS daily. Lipid levels were rechecked after six weeks. Results. Atorvastatin was used in 63 patients and rosuvastatin in 66. There was a greater absolute and percent reduction in serum LDL-C levels with rosuvastatin as compared to atorvastatin (0.96 versus 0.54 mg/dL; P= 0.011and 24.34 versus 13.66%;P = 0.045), whereas reduction in all other fractions was equal. Myalgias were seen in 5 (7.94%) patients treated with atorvastatin and 8 (12.12%) patients treated with rosuvastatin (P: 0.432). Conclusion. Rosuvastatin produces a greater reduction in serum LDL-C levels and should therefore be preferred over atorvastatin."

Background: Several Western and Arab countries, as well as over 30 States in the US are using the "All-Patient Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups" (APR-DRGs) with four severity-of-illness (SOI) subcategories as a model for hospital funding. The aim of this study is to verify whether this is an adequate model for funding stroke hospital admissions, and to explore which risk factors and complications may influence the amount of funding.

Methods: A bottom-up analysis of 2496 ischaemic stroke admissions in Belgium compares detailed in-hospital resource use (including length of stay, imaging, lab tests, visits and drugs) per SOI category and calculates total hospitalisation costs. A second analysis examines the relationship between the type and location of the index stroke, medical risk factors, patient characteristics, comorbidities and in-hospital complications on the one hand, and the funding level received by the hospital on the other hand. This dataset included 2513 hospitalisations reporting on 35,195 secondary diagnosis codes, all medically coded with the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9).

Results: Total costs per admission increased by SOI (€3710-€16,735), with severe patients costing proportionally more in bed days (86%), and milder patients costing more in medical imaging (24%). In all resource categories (bed days, medications, visits and imaging and laboratory tests), the absolute utilisation rate was higher among severe patients, but also showed more variability. SOI 1-2 was associated with vague, non-specific stroke-related ICD-9 codes as primary diagnosis (71-81% of hospitalisations). 24% hospitalisations had, in addition to the primary diagnosis, other stroke-related codes as secondary diagnoses. Presence of lung infections, intracranial bleeding, severe kidney disease, and do-not-resuscitate status were each associated with extreme SOI (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: APR-DRG with SOI subclassification is a useful funding model as it clusters stroke patients in homogenous groups in terms of resource use. The data on medical care utilisation can be used with unit costs from other countries with similar healthcare setups to 1) assess stroke-related hospital funding versus actual costs; 2) inform economic models on stroke prevention and treatment. The data on diagnosis codes can be used to 3) understand which factors influence hospital funding; 4) raise awareness about medical coding practices.

compared with the vegetarians was 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.7) in men and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) in women .Moreover, there was clear evidence of a dose response, in that there was a significant trend of an increasing risk as the consumption increased. A combined data for 76172 men and women from 5 prospective studies to compare the death rates from