Khaldun

After centuries of being a proud, socially bound, nomadic group, the Bedouins are becoming the victims of their own asabiyah. While the Bedouin remain nomadic desert tribes with a centuries old code of behavior involving intermarriage among family members they will risk extinction. By becoming urbanized the Bedouin are finding a way to prolong their existence, but the price they are paying for that continuation is the loss of their culture. They are, in fact, being forced to emulate those around them, becoming more like modern Arabs and less like traditional Bedouins. Due to their own behavioral codes and the incursion of the modern world, the once great Bedouin people may no longer exist within a few more generations.

"Islamization of Bedouin judiciary among the tribes of Awlad Aly in Matrouh, Egypt.

سعت الحرآة الإسلامية خلال العقدين الماضيين إلى إحداث تغيرات اجتماعية في المجتمع البدوي بصفة عامة.يأتي ذلك في إطار الرغبة نحو تأسيس مجتمع إسلامي جديد، ليس في البادية فحسب، وإنما في المجتمع المصري ككل. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلي رصد أبعاد عملية أسلمة القضاء البدوي بين أولاد علي بمطروح، والتي نتج عنها تأسيس القضاء الشرعي آنمط من الحكم يقوم على فض المنازعات بتطبيق نصوص من الشريعة الإسلامية. تكمن أهمية الدراسة في تقليل الفجوة المعرفية القائمة حول أسلمة المجتمع البدوي، ولفت انتباه صناع القرار إلى أهمية الإسراع في تحقيق الاندماج الاجتماعي للبدو في مصر. تم الاعتماد على بيانات ميدانية باستخدام أدوات البحث الكيفي ببعض القبائل. ورآزت الدراسة على اسلمة المجتمع البدوي، والتغيرات المصاحبة لهذه العملية، وأهمها دور المهاجرين في التوجهات الدينية، وآذلك تأثير التعليم على تكوين عصبية دينية بدوية، وتجاوب النخبة البدوية الجديدة معها. ورصدت الدراسة مظاهر التغير في القضاء البدوي عبر مراحله المختلفة، بدءا من التوسط في النزاع، ثم التفاوض حول المشورة، وجلسات التحقيق، وإصدار الحكم، وصولا إلى تدابير تنفيذ الحكم الشرعي.
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During the past two decades, the Islamic movement sought to ring about social changes in the Bedouin community in general. This comes within the framework of the desire to establish a new Islamic society, not only among Bedouins in the desert, but in the Egyptian society as a whole. The study aims at monitoring the dimensions of the islamization process of Bedouin judiciary rules among the tribes of Awlad Aly in Matrouh, which resulted in the establishment of Islamic ruling as a mode of governance for conflicts resolution. The importance of the study is to reduce the gap in the existing knowledge about the Islamization of the  Bedouin community, and to draw the attention of decision-makers to the importance of accelerating the achievement of social integration of the Bedouin in Egypt. The study relied on field data using the tools of qualitative research for some tribes. The study focused on the Islamization of the Bedouin community, and the changes associated with this process, the most important of which is the role of migrants in religious orientation; the impact of education on the composition of Bedouin religious fanaticism; and the response of the new elite Bedouin to the Islamization. The study monitored the manifestations of the change in the Bedouin judiciary  system through the various stages from mediating in the disputes, to negotiation advice and hearings, sentencing, leading to measures to implement the Islamic ruling.

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Anyone who has ever watched a movie set in the deserts of the Middle East has probably seen the exotic, but familiar representation of the area’s nomads. These nomads, known as Bedouins, are almost always shown in traditional dress and riding camels through the sand dunes of the Sahara Desert. While this image of the precarious lifestyle of the Bedouin may have been accurate at some point in time, with the incursion of modernity, expanding cities, and the complications of living such a close and isolated lifestyle, this nomadic group may be slowly slipping into the annals of time.

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar que el núcleo del pensamiento político de Ibn Jaldún es una teoría del poder constituyente, que se expresa en su concepto de 'asabiyya como esa potencia decisiva que da lugar a la soberanía en todas las comunidades humanas. En primer término, se traza un contexto histórico intelectual, a través del cual se plantea una lectura filosófica de Ibn Jaldún en el marco de la tradición de pensamiento político árabe e islámico. En segundo término, se estudia el concepto de 'asabiyya considerando sus usos tanto desde la época preislámica como en el Islam contemporáneo, su lugar en la obra de Ibn Jaldún, y los problemas de interpretación que se han discutido entre los estudiosos del autor, con el objeto de establecer el carácter teórico del concepto por sobre los factores histórico y cultural que ha privilegiado la lectura sociológica. En tercer término, y a modo de reflexiones finales, se establecen ciertas conexiones entre Ibn Jaldún y tres pensadores contemporáneos (Benjamin, Arendt y Foucault) en razón del problema de la 'asabiyya, la violencia y el poder.

During the past two decades, the Islamic movement sought to ring about social changes in the Bedouin community in general. This comes within the framework of the desire to establish a new Islamic society, not only among Bedouins in the desert, but in the Egyptian society as a whole. The study aims at monitoring the dimensions of the islamization process of Bedouin judiciary rules among the tribes of Awlad Aly in Matrouh, which resulted in the establishment of Islamic ruling as a mode of governance for conflicts resolution. The importance of the study is to reduce the gap in the existing knowledge about the Islamization of the  Bedouin community, and to draw the attention of decision-makers to the importance of accelerating the achievement of social integration of the Bedouin in Egypt. The study relied on field data using the tools of qualitative research for some tribes. The study focused on the Islamization of the Bedouin community, and the changes associated with this process, the most important of which is the role of migrants in religious orientation; the impact of education on the composition of Bedouin religious fanaticism; and the response of the new elite Bedouin to the Islamization. The study monitored the manifestations of the change in the Bedouin judiciary  system through the various stages from mediating in the disputes, to negotiation advice and hearings, sentencing, leading to measures to implement the Islamic ruling.