Ki

Den 1 oktober 2020 inrättade rektor Ole Petter Ottersen en arbetsgrupp med uppdrag att utreda "medicinhistoriska och etiska aspekter på historiska minnesmärken och samlingar" vid Karolinska Institutet (KI). Gruppen leds av professor Gert Helgesson. Enligt rektors instruktioner ska arbetet ske i två etapper, varav den första ska behandla "historiska minnesmärken, namngivning av vägar, salar etc. med koppling till historiska personer vid KI med vad vi idag uppfattar som etiska förhållningssätt". Syftet med här föreliggande promemoria är dels att inventera befintliga namn och teckna en översikt över namngivningens historia vid KI – att utreda när, hur och varför KI:s miljöer har namngivits på det sätt som har skett – dels att identifiera och i viss mån utreda namn med kopplingar till rasforskning och andra former av rasism. Till denna översikt och utredning fogas inventeringar över namngivna fysiska miljöer vid KI liksom över de personer som fått ge namn åt dessa miljöer (se bilagorna 1 respektive 2).

Background and Study Aim: Aikido is considered a modern budo. Created in Japan around 1942, aikido has its origins in several martial arts and some religious aspects. In turn, the care of the self represents an antique spirituality composed by knowledge and practices that have been passed down through ages. Our study aims to reflect on elements of the care of the self in aikido philosophy, identifying contributions for physical education.

Material and Methods: This is a qualitative study with an hermeneutic approach based on Paul Ricœur, which interprets some works by Morihei, Kisshomaru, Moriteru Ueshiba, and Michel Foucault.

Results: We identified notions of ki (vital energy), kotodama (spiritual study of sounds), misogi (purification) and budo (path of self-improvement) in aikido, and in the care of the self, formation of the ethical subject and their art of living. We identified elements of the care of the self in aikido, and finally we perceive physical education as an art of well living through the spirituality notion built from the identified elements.

Conclusions: We perceive this hermeneutic study as a possibility to identify the care of the self elements in aikido. Beyond this, the identified elements favors physical education sociophilosophical studies when we perceive them as a path, a lifestyle through the aesthetics of existence in the martial arts context, especially in the practice of budo, in the sense of considering it as an art of well living.

While empirical evaluations are a common research method in some areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI), others still neglect this approach. This article outlines both the opportunities and the limits of empirical evaluations for AI techniques exemplified by the evaluation of adaptive systems. Using the so called layered evaluation approach, we demonstrate that empi- rical evaluations are able to identify errors

The paper provides a review of adaptive and intelligent technologies in a context of Web-based distance education. We analyze what kind of technologies are available right now, how easy they can be implemented on the Web, and what is the place of these technologies in large-scale Web-based education.

In this paper, we describe a disjunctive logic programming system, referred to as DisLoP, based on PROTEIN theorem prover. PROTEIN supports certain theorem proving calculi, such as restart model elimination and hyper tableaux, that are suitable for working with positive disjunctive logic programs. In particular, restart model elimination calculus is answer complete for postive queries. The DisLoP project started at this point with the aim of extending this further to minimal model reasoning and query processing wrt normal disjunctive logic programming too. The first phase of the project is complete and DisLoP can now perform minimal model reasoning with positive disjunctive logic programs, using both bottom-up and top-down strategies.

Cell proliferation assays are performed using antibodies against nuclear proteins associated with DNA replication. These nuclear proteins have gained special interest to predict the biological and clinical behaviors of various tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of Ki-67 protein and the minichromosome maintenance-2 (MCM2) and maintenance-3 (MCM3) proteins in ameloblastoma.Materials and Methods. Cell proliferation marker expression levels were assessed via immunohistochemistry in 111 ameloblastoma cases (72 unicystic ameloblastoma samples, 38 solid/multicystic ameloblastoma samples, and 1 ameloblastic carcinoma). The label index was performed as described previously.Results.MCM2 and MCM3 showed higher proliferation indexes in all variants of ameloblastoma compared to the classic marker Ki-67. No correlation between the proliferation index and the clinical and protein expression data was observed.Conclusion.The results suggest that clinical features do not direct...

Understanding how humans manage information and carry out actions provides a foundation for the software engineering of intelligent control systems. The Real-time Control System (RCS) design methodology and reference architecture, founded on human ...

Although research in natural language generation has led to the development of numerous methods and reusable software tools, we feel that building comparably simple application systems still involves more hand-crafted skills than systematic methodology. In our view, this is due to the fact that most available tools are oriented towards contributing to a general purpose generation system rather than supporting

B. Mertsching, M. Hund, and Z. Aziz (Eds.): KI 2009, LNAI 5803, pp. 639–647, 2009. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 ... An Intelligent Fuzzy Agent for Spatial Reasoning in GIS ... Rouzbeh Shad, Mohammad Saadi Mesgari, Hamid Ebadi, Abbas ...

Descriptive Adequacy and the Realist Bias According to received AI wisdom, an ontology is the formal statement of a model specifying a conceptualisation shared among communicating agents (Gruber 1991, 1995; Guarino 1998). However, it is not sufficient for an ontology to be merely consensual. The fact that ontologies, whether in the medical field or in the area of business operations, have to be updated and revised, reveals that the quality of an ontology hinges on its descriptive adequacy. The requirement of descriptive adequacy is easily overlooked by knowledge engineers, as the task of specifying the content of ontologies is rightly attributed to the domain experts. But even though perfect knowledge is an unattainable goal, it is nevertheless true that inadequate ontologies are just bad ontologies. Ontologies designed to describe a certain domain adequately, are called reference ontologies (Smith 2003), since they have a realist bias. Indeed, reference ontologies contain the impli...

The general goal in implementing dialogue systems is in most cases to provide some kind of human-computer-interface for rational interaction. For that purpose, an approach is required which enables such a system to satisfy user goals in a given (ideally open) domain by conducting spoken dialogues. Furthermore, it should be possible to augment it by other kinds of multi-modal interaction like gestures or the selection of items from a menu on a screen. Interactions are called "rational" because rationality principles, at the knowledge representation level, should be applied to optimally select appropriate communicative actions. In this article, di erent approaches to the understanding of dialogues and the implementation of dialogue systems will be presented. As a basis for comparing the approaches, fundamental issuses of language understanding, speech act theory, and theories of rational interaction are outlined. To give an impression of their implications for the implementa...

E-commerce offers many advantages and opportunities; however these benefits come at the cost of not having a human sales-person in the sales process. The sales-person facilitates the sales process by helping customers identify what their requirements are and then by identifying what products best meet these requirements. In the absence of this human support for the sales process in e-commerce there is a need to develop intelligent virtual sales agents that will fill these roles. This was the objective of the ESPRIT-IV project WEBSELL that completed in January 2000. The WEBSELL consortium includes four commercial companies (tec:inno GmbH, Germany, Adwired One to One Communication AG, Switzerland, IMS MAXIMS plc., Ireland, IWT Magazin Verlag GmbH, Germany) and two Universities (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland and University of Kaiserslautern, Germany). WEBSELL has developed new intelligent sales support technology that supports Web shoppers in two aspects of the sales process which ha...