Lantana Camara

Dispersal is an important ecological process that affects plant population structure and community composition. Invasive plants with fleshy fruits rapidly form associations with native and invasive dispersers, and may affect existing native plant-disperser associations. We asked whether frugivore visitation rate and fruit removal was associated with plant characteristics in a community of fleshy-fruited plants and whether an invasive plant receives more visitation and greater fruit removal than native plants in a semi-arid habitat of Andhra Pradesh, India. Tree-watches were undertaken at individuals of nine native and one invasive shrub species to assess the identity, number and fruit removal by avian frugivores. Network analyses and generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to understand species and community-level patterns. All plants received most number of visits from abundant, generalist avian frugivores. Number of frugivore visits and time spent by frugivores at individual plants was positively associated with fruit crop size, while fruit removal was positively associated with number of frugivore visits and their mean foraging time at individual plants. The invasive shrub, Lantana camara L. (Lantana), had lower average frugivore visit rate than the community of fleshy-fruited plants and received similar average frugivore visits but greater average per-hour fruit removal than two other concurrently fruiting native species. Based on the results of our study, we infer that there is little evidence of competition between native plants and Lantana for the dispersal services of native frugivores and that more data are required to assess the nature of these interactions over the long term. We speculate that plant associations with generalist frugivores may increase the functional redundancy of this frugivory network, buffering it against loss of participating species.

Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) is used traditionally for its numerous medicinal properties such as antimalarial, antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of essential oil from the leaves of L. camara (LCEO) occurring in the Republic of Benin (West Africa) in comparison with LCEOs from other regions; evaluated its sedative effects in mice via inhalation administration; and identified the compounds responsible for activity. LCEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and chemical analyses of the oil were performed by GC and GC/MS. The oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (60.58%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (33.39%), among which sabinene (38.81%) and 1,8-cineole (28.90%) were the most abundant. LCEO administered via inhalation to mice significantly decreased locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner, mainly at the doses of 0.0004 and 0.04 mg per 400 μL of triethyl citrate (TEC). The oil was fractionated to give two fractions, which were further investigated, and revealed that both sabinene and 1,8-cineole were the principal active compounds. The results of the present study indicated that via inhalation administration, LCEO and its main constituents could be considered as promising candidates for the management of dementia, insomnia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other central nervous system-associated diseases.

Building on the first Lantana Control Manual, produced in 2004, this resource provides a comprehensive source of information on lantana behaviour and biology, as well as important and practical management information. The manual provides vital guidance on the integration of control options and strips away potential confusion by providing a user-friendly Decision Support Tool to help shape management practices. A concerted effort is required to achieve effective and strategic control of this major weed. This manual demonstrates that through planning, appropriate investment and ongoing diligence, the war on controlling lantana can be won.

The population density and expansion of invasive alien plant (IAP) species in the roadside areas of
the Rajshahi – Dhaka Asian Highway, north-western Bangladesh (24°22ʹ N 88°36ʹ E) along 100m
transects was recorded in 2009 and 2010. The five most abundant herbaceous and woody IAP
species recorded were  Ageratum conyzoides  L., Chromolaena odorata  (L.) King & Robinson,
Mikania micrantha Kunth, Parthenium hysterophorus  L. (all Asteraceae) and  Lantana camara  L.
(Verbenaceae). Of these IAPs,  P. hysterophorus  and  A. conyzoides  increased their populations
most rapidly while the other species had slower expansion.

In the past century, our understanding of the processes driving plant invasion and its consequences for natural and anthropogenic systems has increased considerably. However, the management of invasive plants remains a challenge despite ever more resources being allocated to their removal. Often invasive plants targeted for 'eradication' are well-established, have multiple modes of reproduction, long-term seed banks, and strong associations with native and non-native mutualists that ensure dispersal and facilitate spread. The pantropical weed, Lantana camara (Lantana), is one of the most invasive woody plants globally. We illustrate that, for Lantana, eradication is an unrealistic management goal given the short-term removal approaches, irrespective of the effectiveness of removal methods. We assessed the role of dispersal by avian frugivores in the recolonization of managed areas by Lantana in the seasonally dry, tropical forests of northern and southern India. We estimated the distribution of Lantana, its dispersal potential and the proximity between managed areas and source populations. We found that Lantana was dispersed by many generalist frugivorous birds and that most managed areas were well within the median dispersal distance from source plants facilitating rapid recolonization of managed areas. We conclude that given the difficulty of eradicating long-established invasive plants, management practices should entail long-term monitoring and control in priority areas for as long as Lantana occurs in the landscape.

The antimicrobial activity of extract from the leaves of Lantana camera Linn. were investigated against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Test bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all four are pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhea and many more uncontrolled diseases due to resistance. Hydro alcoholic extract showed significant inhibitory effects against antibiotic resistant gram negative bacteria including E. coli and ...

Over the last century, more than 40 natural enemies have been released against the noxious weed lantana (Lantana camara L.) in over 40 countries or regions. Biocontrol of lantana remains inadequate, however, except on a few islands. Three of the main factors preventing adequate biocontrol of lantana are its unresolved parentage, resilience to established agents and climatic adaptability. These factors form the ecological basis for the current Australian–South African lantana biocontrol research project, which is tackling three main topics: (1) Host plants: the aim is to counteract the effects of the genetic heterogeneity of the weed by selecting agents from (a) the most probable parent species, (b) several species closely related to the probable parents or (c) ornamental cultivars growing in the native range of the probable parents. (2) Agent guilds: we aim to reduce the growth and reproductive vigour and resilience of lantana, by selecting agents that multiply quickly, or feed on t...

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is cultivated as an ornamental and hedge plant in many countries which is native to American tropics. It’s introduc- tion to the Indian subcontinent dates back around 200 years ago. It is an invasive alien species that has a negative impact on native biodiversity. It is evident that management of L. camara is crucial for the conservation of bio- diversity. Studying its phenological characteristics as they adapt to environ- mental circumstances through time and space will aid in the development of management goals and strategies. This study uses BBCH scale firstly to describe the phenology of L. camara, which is represented by nine Pheno- logical Growth Stages (PGS) in response to environmental conditions during a 32-months period in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, representing its growth. To standardise morphological traits and the phenological observation, photo- graphs of certain significant developmental stages in addition to the de- scriptions have been illustrated. Researchers can utilise this uniform label- ling method as a tool to help with weed management efforts. Phenological studies of this invasive weed species may be employed for tracking the gradual impact of climate change on biodiversity and its effect on the key phenological events in the lifecycle.

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is cultivated as an ornamental and hedge plant in many countries which is native to American tropics. It’s introduction to the Indian subcontinent dates back around 200 years ago. It is an invasive alien species that has a negative impact on native biodiversity. It is evident that management of L. camara is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. Studying its phenological characteristics as they adapt to environmental circumstances through time and space will aid in the development of management goals and strategies. This study uses BBCH scale firstly to describe the phenology of L. camara, which is represented by nine Phenological Growth Stages (PGS) in response to environmental conditions during a 32-month period in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, representing its growth. To standardise morphological traits and the phenological observation, photographs of certain significant developmental stages on L. camara in addition to the descriptions have been il...

Present study was performed in urban forests of Aizawl, Mizoram, North East India falling under an Indo-Burma hot spot region of existing ecological relevance and pristine environment. Phyto-sociolology of invasive weeds has been performed and results revealed that Lantana camara was the most dominant invasive weed. Further, the air quality studies revealed high suspended particulate matter (SPM) as well as respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) in ambient air of Aizawl, Mizoram, North East India. Bio-magnetic monitoring through plant leaves has been recognised as recent thrust area in the field of particulate matter (PM) science. We aimed to investigate that whether magnetic properties of Lantana camara leaves may act as proxy of PM pollution and hence an attempt towards it's sustainable management. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), Anhyste reticremanent magnetization (ARM) and Saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of Lantana camara plant leaves were assessed and concomitantly correlated these magnetic properties with ambient PM in order to screen this invasive plant which may act as proxy for ambient PM concentrations. Results revealed high χ, ARM, SIRM of Lantana camara leaves and moreover, these parameters were having significant and positive correlation with ambient SPM as well as RSPM. Therefore, present study recommended the use of Lantana camara as bio-magnetic monitor which may further have sustainable management implications of an invasive plant.

Lantana camara, a shrub of Central and South American origin, has become invasive across dry forests
worldwide. The effect of the thicket-forming habit of L. camara as a dispersal and recruitment barrier in a community
of native woody seedlings was examined in a 50-ha permanent plot located in the seasonally dry forest of Mudumalai,
southern India. Sixty 100-m2 plots were enumerated for native woody seedlings between 10–100 cm in height. Of
these, 30 plots had no L. camara thickets, while the other 30 had dense thickets. The frequency of occurrence and
abundance of seedlings were modelled as a function of dispersal mode (mammal, bird or mechanical) and affinities
to forest habitats (dry forest, moist forest or ubiquitous) as well as presence or absence of dense L. camara thickets.
Furthermore, frequency of occurrence and abundance of individual species were also compared between thickets and
no L. camara.At the community level, L. camara density, dispersalmode and foresthabitat affinities of species determined
both frequency of occurrence and abundance of seedlings,with the abundance of dry-forestmammal-dispersed species
and ubiquitous mechanically dispersed species being significantly lower under L. camara thickets. Phyllanthus emblica
and Kydia calycina were found to be significantly less abundant under L. camara, whereas most other species were
not affected by the presence of thickets. It was inferred that, by affecting the establishment of native tree seedlings,
L. camara thickets could eventually alter the community composition of such forests.

To investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Lantana camara (L. camara) various parts and the determination of their total phenolics content. The extract was screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity(DPPH), xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and Griess-Ilosvay method. The results showed that all the plant parts possessed antioxidant properties including radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition and nitrites scavenging activities. The antioxidative activities were correlated with the total phenol. The leaves extract of L. camara was more effective than that of other parts. This study suggests that L. camara extracts exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their nutritional and medicinal functions.

Feral Atlas invites you to explore the ecological worlds created when nonhuman entities become tangled up with human infrastructure projects. Seventy-nine field reports from scientists, humanists, and artists show you how to recognize “feral” ecologies, that is, ecologies that have been encouraged by human-built infrastructures, but which have developed and spread beyond human control. These infrastructural effects, Feral Atlas argues, are the Anthropocene.
Playful, political, and insistently attuned to more-than-human histories, Feral Atlas does more than catalog sites of imperial and industrial ruin. Stretching conventional notions of maps and mapping, it draws on the relational potential of the digital to offer new ways of analyzing—and apprehending—the Anthropocene; while acknowledging danger, it demonstrates how in situ observation and transdisciplinary collaboration can cultivate vital forms of recognition and response to the urgent environmental challenges of our times.

Family Verbenaceae has been an important coniferous plant in ayurvedic and indigenous medicinal systems. The Clinical trials and animal research support the use of  for anti-spasmodic, carminative, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-ulcer genic, treatment of emotional stress and trauma, anti-microbial, insecticidal, fungicidal, and asthma. The present study was planned for extraction, phytochemical analysis, powder characteristics and the antimicrobial activity of the of crude extract. Phytochemical analysis showed presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity of against showed positive results.

Herbal medicine has become an item of global importance both medicinal and economical. Although usage of these herbal medicines has increased, their quality, safety and efficiency are serious concerns in industrialized and developing countries. Herbal remedies are getting increasing patient compliance as they are devoid of typical side effects of allopathic medicines. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Lantana camara leaf extract. The gel formulation was designed by using Carbapol 940, Lantana camara leaf extract, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. The skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of Tri-ethanolamine. The physicochemical Parameters of formulations (pH, Spreadibility, Stability etc.) were determined. Stability studies have carried out as per ICH guidelines for 3 months at different temperatures and humidity. The results showed that formu...

Indrawaty. 2014. Pemgaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun tembelekan (Lantana camara) sebagai insektisida nabati terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu-ilmu Kesehatan dan Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Pembimbing I Dr. Hj Herlina Jusuf Dra., M.Kes dan Pembimbing II Lia Amalia S.Km, M.Kes. Ekstrak daun tembelekan merupakan insektisida nabati yang digunakan untuk menekan pertumbuhan vektor dari tempat perindukaan nyamuk dengan cara membunah larva Aedes aegypti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahuai pengaruh ekstrak daun tembelekan (Lantana camara) sebagai insektisida nabati terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun tembelekan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni 1 gram, 3 gram dan 5 gram dalam 100 mL air pada setiap perlakuan, dengan 3 kali pengulangan selama 24 jam dengan waktu pengamatan 6 jam, 12 jam dan 24 jam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu, dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompo...

In the past century, our understanding of the processes driving plant invasion and its consequences for natural and anthropogenic systems has increased considerably. However, the management of invasive plants remains a challenge despite ever more resources being allocated to their removal. Often invasive plants targeted for 'eradication' are well-established, have multiple modes of reproduction, long-term seed banks, and strong associations with native and non-native mutualists that ensure dispersal and facilitate spread. The pantropical weed, Lantana camara (Lantana), is one of the most invasive woody plants globally. We illustrate that, for Lantana, eradication is an unrealistic management goal given the short-term removal approaches, irrespective of the effectiveness of removal methods. We assessed the role of dispersal by avian frugivores in the recolonization of managed areas by Lantana in the seasonally dry, tropical forests of northern and southern India. We estimated the distribution of Lantana, its dispersal potential and the proximity between managed areas and source populations. We found that Lantana was dispersed by many generalist frugivorous birds and that most managed areas were well within the median dispersal distance from source plants facilitating rapid recolonization of managed areas. We conclude that given the difficulty of eradicating long-established invasive plants, management practices should entail long-term monitoring and control in priority areas for as long as Lantana occurs in the landscape.

Native species’ response to the presence of
invasive species is context specific. This response
cannot be studied in isolation from the prevailing
environmental stresses in invaded habitats such as
seasonal drought.We investigated the combined effects
of an invasive shrub Lantana camara L. (lantana),
seasonal rainfall and species’ microsite preferences on
the growth and survival of 1,105 naturally established
seedlings of native trees and shrubs in a seasonally dry
tropical forest. Individuals were followed from April
2008 to February 2010, and growth and survival
measured in relation to lantana density, seasonality of
rainfall and species characteristics in a 50-ha permanent
forest plot located in Mudumalai, southern India. We
used a mixed effects modelling approach to examine
seedling growth and generalized linear models to
examine seedling survival. The overall relative height
growth rate of established seedlings was found to be
very low irrespective of the presence or absence of dense
lantana. 22-month growth rate of dry forest species was
lower under dense lantana while moist forest species
were not affected by the presence of lantana thickets.
4-month growth rates of all species increased with
increasing inter-census rainfall.Community resultsmay
be influenced by responses of the most abundant
species, Catunaregam spinosa, whose growth rates
were always lower under dense lantana. Overall
seedling survival was high, increased with increasing
rainfall and was higher for species with dry forest
preference than for species with moist forest preference.
The high survival rates of naturally established seed-
lings combined with their basal sprouting ability in this
forest could enable the persistence of woody species in
the face of invasive species.

Ivermectin is the only drug currently recommended for the treatment of onchocerciasis, the second leading infectious cause of blindness in the world. This drug kills only the first stage larvae-microfilariae (mf) of Onchocerca volvulus and is to be used cautiously in areas where Loa loa is prevalent because of severe adverse events observed with coinfected patients. This study investigated the anti-filarial activities of two Cameroonian medicinal plants, Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica locally used to treat onchocerciasis. Twelve (12) extracts were prepared and tested in vitro on the bovine model parasite, O. ochengi as well as L. loa mf. Both mf and adult male worm viabilities were assessed by motility scoring, while adult female worm viability was determined biochemically by standard MTT/formazan colorimetry. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity were determined respectively, in monkey kidney epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice. Pure compounds were isolated by LC/MS using a bio-ass...