Load Flow Analysis

In developing country there is a perpetual growing demand for electricity with an efficient and reliable system of power supply. Power system is the most complex network with power generation, transmission and distribution system to consumer loads. The distribution network is an integral part of the power system and acts as an interface to consumer load points. The network incurs significant losses and voltage drop in the electrical system. Loss minimization and voltage stability are the main objectives of the distribution network design. This paper introduces optimal branch conductor selection for the microgrid using unified central load concept for radial distribution systems of microgrid. The conductor size defined by this approach will meet the maximum current carrying capacity and uphold the acceptable voltage levels of the radial distribution system for rural areas. The effectiveness of the proposed method in single line diagram is demonstrated through the design of microgrid as an example for a developing country. The comparison shows that the results by proposed central load method is in close similar normal representation of uniform consumer load and both are following similar trends. The voltage drops and total loss by proposed method is compared and verified with three phase and single phase network system along with unified end load representation by using ETAP simulation software.

Incorporation of HVDC transmission subsystems in AC transmission networks has been a major change in power transmission during the last few years. This change required modifications in the performance evaluation procedures notably for load flow and stability analysis. The methodologies used for AC/DC system's load flow calculation and transient stability analysis are presented in this chapter. In this thesis, the investigations are carried out on the improvement of power system stability by utilizing auxiliary controls for controlling HVDC power flow. AC/DC load flow using eliminated variable method is utilized in the transient stability analysis. Transient stability analysis is done on single machine system and multi-machine system, using different control signals derived from the AC system.

In recent days, due to advancement in technology, the end users are facing severe power quality issues. Load flow analysis is one of the fundamental methodologies in solving power network problems. The key importance of load flow analysis is to improve the performance of distribution network. The main intention of this reserach is to carry out the load flow and voltage stability analysis of 10 bus loop distribution network energized by a generator. Load flow analysis is carried out by using Newton Raphson method. The per unit voltage and angle of the proposed network is determined in all 10 buses by load flow analysis. The voltage stability analysis is implemented by introducing a fault in the network. Here, a power fault is injected at bus 4 between the time interval of 2 to 3 sec to analyse the stability of the system. The voltage stability of the system is analysed for the network with and without automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The AVR unit is tuned by using power system stabilizer (PSS). The results are examined by simulating the network using openmodelica connection editor. From the simulation results the per unit voltages and angles at all 10 buses are determined for the network with and without AVR. By comparing both the results it is proved that the network with AVR has better voltage stability than the other. Thus, the voltage stability of the system is improved by connecting the generator with AVR and PSS.

... Reconfiguration: A Soft Computing Approach Sandeep Chakravorty Jaydeep Chakravorty Shweta Sarkar ... Goswami and Basu [2] have shown that it is inappropriate to represent initially the distribution network as a meshed network and open the ...

Electric vehicles are the demand of the current scenario to fight with the increasing levels of pollution. Electric vehicles operate by getting power from the battery which needs to be charged after a particular duration. Battery swapping stations are used for providing the optimal power for charging these batteries. An algorithm known as Particle swarm optimization can be used to find the optimal cost of these battery swapping stations. The project presents an expository study about Particle Swarm Optimization and thus various factors related to it.

... formulate the network reconfiguration problem for both loss reduction and load balancing as a multi-objective, non-differentiable optimization prol~- lem with both equality and inequality constraints. 'Ihv formulation is summarized as follows: Given a ra~1i;iI distribution system of ...

The paper describes an algorithm for determining the line outage contingency of a line taking into account of line over load effect in remaining lines and subsequent tripping of over loaded line(s) leading to possible system split or islanding of a power system. The optimally ordered sparse [B′], [B″] matrices for the integrated system are used for load flow analysis

Abstract—Energy power from renewable sources, especially wind turbine generators, are being considered as an important generation alternative in the electrical power systems around the world due to their non contaminant nature and low environmental effects. In ...

Power systems are continually experiencing fluctuations of small magnitudes. However, for assessing stability when subjected to a specified disturbance, it is usually valid to assume that the system is initially in a true steady-state operating condition. Power system is subjected with the verity of fluctuation in their parameters. So their performance is not stable at all. This fluctuation must be mitigate as possible as under prescribe limit. In HVDC transmission system, power is generated and distributed in AC, only the transmission is done in the DC. During the ac to dc conversion power system observe the inability problems. In this way, it is essential to analysis the power system performance to enhance it. To ensure satisfactory operation and equipment safety, several limits are recognized in establishing the current order: maximum current limit, minimum current limit, and voltage-dependent current limit. Higher-level controls may be used, in addition to the above basic controls, to improve AC/DC system interaction and enhance AC system performance. Here we have adopted the PID (Proportional integral deferential) controller. Keywords-AC/DC Power System, DC Line, Maximum Current Limit, Minimum Current Limit, And Voltage-Dependent Current Limit , Load Flow Analysis , Multi Machine System Analysis, ID Controller