Low protein brown rice (LPBR)

Introduction
Removal of wax layer from brown rice keeping nutrients rich bran layer was necessary for improving palatability of brown rice.
Further removal of rice protein yielded low protein brown rice which is beneficial for chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods
Removal of wax layer was elaborated by the new machine. Extraction of protein from wax free brown rice (WFBR) was performed
by the enzyme method. Six differently processed rice, i.e. brown rice, WFBR, low protein extracted wax free brown rice
(LPBR), half polished brown rice, kinme polished white rice and bran grind (BG) rinse-free white rice, from the same lot of brown
rice (koshihikari and tsuyahime) were boiled and served for analysis. Major and minor nutrients, amino acids, functional ingredients,
and antioxidant activity were measured for calculation of actual intake.

Results
WFBR and its low protein reduced brown rice (LPBR) were successfully made by the new processing method and technology.
Nutrients of WFBR were almost the same to those of brown rice, and LPBR was characterized by the low protein, low phosphate,
low magnesium and trace of potassium. Vitamin B1 and B2 and folic acid were also decreased. Dietary fibers remained in both
rice. Half polished and BG rinse-free white rice decreased lipid about half. Although energy contents were the same in all these
6 different rice, vitamins and minerals were almost lost in polished rice. Nearly 80% of brown rice amino acids remained in all
rice, especially in BG rinse-free white rice. Gamma oryzanol reduced half by wax removal, but antioxidant activity was kept after
removal of wax layer.

Conclusion
WFBR had the same nutritional values with brown rice. The palatability was comparable to polished white rice. Its protein depleted
rice decreased 70 % rice protein, two third phosphate and almost all potassium that were toxic for chronic kidney disease
(CKD) patients, so LPBR could be available for patients with renal insufficiency.

Keywords
Brown rice; Wax free brown rice; Low protein brown rice (LPBR); Kinme white rice; Rinse-free white rice; Nutrition; Gamma
oryzanol; Antioxidant; Medical rice.