Maiandros
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Recent papers in Maiandros
The focus of this article is to link historical accounts about former islands of the Anatolian gulfs of the Aegean Sea to geoarchaeological evidence. During the Holocene, prominent environmental and coastline changes have taken place in... more
The focus of this article is to link historical accounts about former islands of the Anatolian gulfs of the Aegean Sea to geoarchaeological evidence. During the Holocene, prominent environmental and coastline changes have taken place in many tectonic grabens of western Asia Minor, today's Turkey. The Büyük and the Küçük Menderes fault systems are excellent examples for deciphering these changes. Since mid-Holocene times, the eponymous rivers have advanced their deltas, silting up marine embayments which had once reached inland for tens of kilometres. To describe this terrestrial–marine–terrestrial evolution of estuarine islands we coin the term " life cycle of estu-arine islands ". Besides other factors, such as natural erosion, sea-level changes, and tectonic activities, the delta progradation was mainly governed by riverine sediment load, which, in turn, was to a great extent dependent on human impact on the vegetation cover of the drainage basins. Based on historical accounts as well as modern geoarchaeological research it is possible to reconstruct the spatio-temporal evolution of the landscape. For Miletos and the Büyük Menderes (Maiandros, Maeander) graben, remarkable transformations have been revealed: the metamorphosis of the marine gulf into residual lakes (Lake Azap, Lake Bafa), the landlocking of islands (Hybanda, Lade, Asteria, Nergiz Tepe), the transition of the Milesian archipelago to a peninsula and finally to a part of the floodplain. A dramatic effect of the ongoing accumulation of fine-grained sediments was the sil-tation of harbours – a major reason for the decline of the once flourishing coastal cities of Myous, Priene, Herakleia, and finally Miletos, today some 8 km inland. For Ephesos and the Küçük Menderes (Kaystros) graben, the research focused on the former island of Syrie. Pliny the Elder (Naturalis Historia, c. CE 77) attributed the landlocking of Syrie to the Kaystros River – a scenario which has been verified by our geoarchaeological research and 14 C–dated to the 5th century BC. The local foundation myth according to which an island, presumably Syrie, was the location of the first settlement of immigrants from the Greek mainland in the 11th century BCE can neither be proven nor disproven for lack of archaeological evidence. The delta advance was the main reason why the settlement sites and the harbours of Ephesos were relocated several times from the Early Iron Age to the Middle Ages.
- I am very happy that this article gets such a high rating, even though it is without footnotes and higher than my one! The standards of Humanities do not count so much any more! Its about money and power only. Think it over!
- I am very happy that this article gets such a high rating, even though it is without footnotes and higher than my one! The standards of Humanities do not count so much any more! Its about money and power only. Think it over!
>>>>>>>>>>> update November 12, 2024: "Anatolia Antiqua" have accepted the article for their 2025 issue. I am waiting now for the first proofs. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< >>>>>>>> update 19.05.2024: waiting now for... more
>>>>>>>>>>> update November 12, 2024:
"Anatolia Antiqua" have accepted the article for their 2025 issue. I am waiting now for the first proofs.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
>>>>>>>> update 19.05.2024:
waiting now for 3-4 years, I was informed by the editors that there will be no printed conference papers. instead, the papers are supposed to be published in the 2025-volume of "Anatolia Antiqua". for this, the papers have to go through a peer review again!
I do not know the outcome yet, but I fear there will be more problems ......
let's hope the best!
at least I got the opportunity to add some updates :)
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
The paper will appear in some time in the conference proceedings: B. Vergnaud – N. Carless-Unwin (eds.), Anatolian Landscapes: Inhabiting Western Anatolia in Antiquity, Istanbul, 5-6 April 2018. But I will not post it on this contaminated website!
Ancient myths not only served the need to explain rituals, the "mythicoritual nexus" as it was once called by Christina Sourvinou-Inwood; one of the most important aims of their creation, their mythopoea or mythopoiesis, was to define a common identity and to legitimate the community's claim of land ownership, and freedom. The Early Iron Age Greek migrants to western Asia Minor were especially 'productive' in creating colonial charter myths of gods and heroes.
Content List
I. Charter myths and places: Karian Latmos meets Aiolian Greek Endymion
I.1. Phthiron Oros, the ‘Mountain of the Lice’, or ‘Pine-seeds’
I.2 Aiolian Magnesia-on-the-Maeander
I.3 Karian ‘Lice’ Fleeing into the Mountains
I.4 Latmos: Indigenous Mountain and heros ktistes of Karian Latmos
I.5 How Phthir Evolved as Son of Aitolian-Aiolian Endymion
I.6 Chronology of the Myth: First Endymion in Olympia, Then Endymion in Latmos- Herakleia
I.7 The ‘Grave’ of Endymion in Latmos
I.8 Aiolian Endymion Substitutes Karian Latmos as Heros-Ktistes of Herakleia-under-Latmos
I.9 The Aiolian-Aitolian origin of Endymion: Sappho in Magnesia-on-the-Maeander?
I.10 Greek Hero Phthir in Miletos-Phtheir
I.11 Greek Phthir, Naxos, and Herakles become Karians in Herakleia-Latmos,
the city of *Sanda(s)/Šanta-Herakles
I.12 Athena Latmia Tritogenes and her Relationship to the Indigenous Luwian Protective Goddess Maliya and Karian Malija-‘Athena’
I.13 Endymion in ‘Extended’ Salmakis-Halikarnassos of Karia?
I.14 Endymion’s Pre-Greek, Pelasgian-Lelegian-Karian Roots
I.15 Aitolian Endymion as founder of Herakleia-Latmos
II. Boiotian ‘Ionians’ Meet Anatolian-Luwic People: Zeus-Tarhunt, Perseus, Poseidon, Gorgo and Pegasos-Piḫaššašši in the Mykale Mountains
III. Other Outlooks: Miletos, Kelados, Herakles, Achilles and Menelaos in the Milesie – Mythical Traits of the Minoan-Mycenaean Age? And what about Maiandros and Apollo Branchideus of Didyma?
III.1. How the Arrival of Minoan Sarpedon and Miletos Renamed Rivers and Springs: Kelados and Byblis versus Maiandros and Marsyas
III.2. Apollo Branchideus, the Anatolian Kurunta/Runtiya?
III.3 Myths Reflecting Mycenaeans in Miletos V‒VI
III.3.1 ‘Theban Herakles’ in Didyma, Before the ‘Trojan War’
III.3.2.1 Achilles visits sites near Miletos and later Magnesia-on-the-Maeander During the ‘Trojan War’
III.3.2.2 Menelaos dedicates the Shield of Euphorbos in Didyma on his way home from the ‘Trojan War’
IV. Concluding Remarks
ca. 129 pages manuscript, 305 footnotes, 21 figures, bibliography
"Anatolia Antiqua" have accepted the article for their 2025 issue. I am waiting now for the first proofs.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
>>>>>>>> update 19.05.2024:
waiting now for 3-4 years, I was informed by the editors that there will be no printed conference papers. instead, the papers are supposed to be published in the 2025-volume of "Anatolia Antiqua". for this, the papers have to go through a peer review again!
I do not know the outcome yet, but I fear there will be more problems ......
let's hope the best!
at least I got the opportunity to add some updates :)
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
The paper will appear in some time in the conference proceedings: B. Vergnaud – N. Carless-Unwin (eds.), Anatolian Landscapes: Inhabiting Western Anatolia in Antiquity, Istanbul, 5-6 April 2018. But I will not post it on this contaminated website!
Ancient myths not only served the need to explain rituals, the "mythicoritual nexus" as it was once called by Christina Sourvinou-Inwood; one of the most important aims of their creation, their mythopoea or mythopoiesis, was to define a common identity and to legitimate the community's claim of land ownership, and freedom. The Early Iron Age Greek migrants to western Asia Minor were especially 'productive' in creating colonial charter myths of gods and heroes.
Content List
I. Charter myths and places: Karian Latmos meets Aiolian Greek Endymion
I.1. Phthiron Oros, the ‘Mountain of the Lice’, or ‘Pine-seeds’
I.2 Aiolian Magnesia-on-the-Maeander
I.3 Karian ‘Lice’ Fleeing into the Mountains
I.4 Latmos: Indigenous Mountain and heros ktistes of Karian Latmos
I.5 How Phthir Evolved as Son of Aitolian-Aiolian Endymion
I.6 Chronology of the Myth: First Endymion in Olympia, Then Endymion in Latmos- Herakleia
I.7 The ‘Grave’ of Endymion in Latmos
I.8 Aiolian Endymion Substitutes Karian Latmos as Heros-Ktistes of Herakleia-under-Latmos
I.9 The Aiolian-Aitolian origin of Endymion: Sappho in Magnesia-on-the-Maeander?
I.10 Greek Hero Phthir in Miletos-Phtheir
I.11 Greek Phthir, Naxos, and Herakles become Karians in Herakleia-Latmos,
the city of *Sanda(s)/Šanta-Herakles
I.12 Athena Latmia Tritogenes and her Relationship to the Indigenous Luwian Protective Goddess Maliya and Karian Malija-‘Athena’
I.13 Endymion in ‘Extended’ Salmakis-Halikarnassos of Karia?
I.14 Endymion’s Pre-Greek, Pelasgian-Lelegian-Karian Roots
I.15 Aitolian Endymion as founder of Herakleia-Latmos
II. Boiotian ‘Ionians’ Meet Anatolian-Luwic People: Zeus-Tarhunt, Perseus, Poseidon, Gorgo and Pegasos-Piḫaššašši in the Mykale Mountains
III. Other Outlooks: Miletos, Kelados, Herakles, Achilles and Menelaos in the Milesie – Mythical Traits of the Minoan-Mycenaean Age? And what about Maiandros and Apollo Branchideus of Didyma?
III.1. How the Arrival of Minoan Sarpedon and Miletos Renamed Rivers and Springs: Kelados and Byblis versus Maiandros and Marsyas
III.2. Apollo Branchideus, the Anatolian Kurunta/Runtiya?
III.3 Myths Reflecting Mycenaeans in Miletos V‒VI
III.3.1 ‘Theban Herakles’ in Didyma, Before the ‘Trojan War’
III.3.2.1 Achilles visits sites near Miletos and later Magnesia-on-the-Maeander During the ‘Trojan War’
III.3.2.2 Menelaos dedicates the Shield of Euphorbos in Didyma on his way home from the ‘Trojan War’
IV. Concluding Remarks
ca. 129 pages manuscript, 305 footnotes, 21 figures, bibliography
Özet İnsanların suya olan gereksinimlerinden dolayı insanlığın tatlı su kaynakları etrafında yeşermiş olduğu, kültür ve medeniyetin akarsu havzalarında ortaya çıktığı görüşü belirgin bir genellemedir. Bu bağlamda akarsulara çağlar boyu... more
Özet İnsanların suya olan gereksinimlerinden dolayı insanlığın tatlı su kaynakları etrafında yeşermiş olduğu, kültür ve medeniyetin akarsu havzalarında ortaya çıktığı görüşü belirgin bir genellemedir. Bu bağlamda akarsulara çağlar boyu büyük bir önem bazen de kutsiyet atfedilmiştir. Antikçağ yazarları da bu konuya sıkça değinmişler ve akarsuları eserlerine konu etmişlerdir. Pseudo-Plutarkhos da Nehirler Üzerine adlı eserinde ağırlıklı olarak nehirleri konu edinmiş ve nehirler hakkında okuyucuya bazı bilgiler vermeye çalışmıştır. Pseudo-Plutarkhos'un konu edindiği nehirlerden biri de Maiandros (Büyük Menderes Nehri)'tur. Antikçağda Phrygia Bölgesi'ndeki Kelainai yakınlarından kaynağını almış olan Maiandros sözü edilen bölge boyunca akmış daha sonra Lydia, Karia ve Ionia bölgelerinin arazilerini sulayarak Aigaios Pontos'a (Ege Denizi) dökülmüştür. Uzunluğu ve taşıdığı suların bolluğuyla antikçağ Asia'sının (Küçük Asya) en büyük nehri olarak görülmüş, içinden geçtiği coğrafyaları şekillendirmiş ve sağladığı imkanlarla o bölgelere hayat vermiştir. Maiandros Nehri'nin akıntısının zikzaklı olması son derece ilgi çekici olmuş, antikçağ yazarlarının nehre faklı anlamlar yüklemesine ve antikçağ insanının zihninde farklı imgelemler oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Zikzaklar çizen her nehir ya da zikzaklı olan her şey onun adıyla anılmaya başlamıştır. Nehrin akış şeklini esas alan bir bezeme motifi dahi oluşturulmuş ve nehrin adıyla özdeşleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Pseudo-Plutarkhos'un sözü edilen eseri hakkında kısa bir değerlendirme yapıldıktan sonra yazarın anlatılarına istinaden, nehrin isminin kökeninden, akış rotasına, aktığı güzergahtaki yörelere sağladığı yarardan neden olduğu zararlara ve antikçağdan günümüze ulaşan etkilerine değinilmiştir.