Marxismo Abierto

Open Marxism opened up to Adorno's critical theory mainly to develop anticapitalist thought and posit an anti-identitarian conception of emancipatory theory and practice. The pivot of this opening was-and still is-Adorno's major work: Negative Dialectics. It must be emphasised that Adorno's idea of negation has sparked debate amongst the representatives of open Marxism but, at the same time, has also allowed for the overcoming of positive conceptions of dialectics, totality and emancipation that have characterised traditional Marxism. In this sense, open Marxism has sought to place the non-identical, contradiction, at the centre of its theoretical and practical perspective. However, as we shall show in the first section of this chapter, there is still an underlying identity in the theoretical and practical perspective of open Marxism, one that can be considered fundamental: the identity between subject and object. We believe such identity leads the representatives of open Marxism into the trap of an arguably absolute subjectivism. This means that the object is identified with the subject, implying an absolute primacy of the subject and the understanding of Marx's critique as a reductio ad hominem; the political consequence of this is voluntarism. We acknowledge the existence of different approaches amongst the representatives of open Marxism-which we cannot analyse in the present chapter for lack of space-but we do believe its overall theoretical framework is based on the identity of subject and object. Adorno's critical theory is grounded on the negation of such identity. Nevertheless, my goal is not to prove the existence of irreconcilable differences between Adorno's theorising and open Marxism; it is to take a new approach to the purpose of positing an anti-identitarian conception of theory and practice and to go deeper into negative thought. For this we must open up the critical theory of open Marxism and reveal its fundamental limitations; to this end, we shall also analyse elements of Negative Dialectics. Mario Schäbel (in this volume) also criticises open Marxism for giving in to absolute subjectivism. According to Schäbel, open Marxism is essentially a subjective idealism, for it dissolves the object within the subject dialectically. Even in its formulation of the unity-in-separation between subject and object, open Marxism performs a theoretical process that ultimately turns subject and object into one and the same, transforming their unity-inseparation into a unity-in-identity. On this I agree with Schäbel; however, unlike him, I will try to show that this subjectivism

El título del artículo contiene dos afirmaciones poco comunes. En primer lu- gar, sostiene que la dialéctica negativa de Adorno implica una crítica de las relaciones constituidas de la objetividad económica. En segundo lugar, el subtítulo “sobre la lucha”, se opone a la concepción generalizada de la teoría crítica como una crítica inmanente de conceptos filosóficos y fenómenos so- ciales, no una dialéctica negativa de la lucha social. El artículo está dividido en tres apartados. En primer lugar, introduce el concepto de dialéctica nega- tiva como una crítica de la objetividad económica. A continuación, se expone la crítica de Adorno de las relaciones de intercambio capitalistas. La sección final analiza el significado de la clase en la dialéctica negativa.

Hernández-Lara, O. (2013). Política antiidentitaria y dignidad. El hacer y la revolución desde la vida cotidiana. Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, [en linea] 20(62), pp.259-270. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=10525851003