In this paper, we report a tunable planar metamaterial that is designed to achieve dual-band negative refractive index response in microwave regime. Its distinctive characteristic is the usage of tuning open stub-loaded stepped-impedance... more
In this paper, we report a tunable planar metamaterial that is designed to achieve dual-band negative refractive index response in microwave regime. Its distinctive characteristic is the usage of tuning open stub-loaded stepped-impedance resonators. The frequency tunability of the second band is achievable via the adjustable open stub-loaded at the fixed tune of the first band. Parameter retrieval algorithm and full-wave simulation of prism-shaped structure were carried out to validate the negative refraction characteristics of metamaterial structure. The results predict its prospect as a very promising alternative to the conventional ones, which is compatibly applicable on various potential microwave devices especially when a dual-band function is required. In addition to that, its design flexibility offers various frequency bands at any possible choice, which alterable with the design parameters.
The race toward engineering metamaterials comprising of negative refractive indexes in the optical range started with the realization of negative-index materials for gigahertz frequencies six years ago. Sheer miniaturization of the... more
The race toward engineering metamaterials comprising of negative refractive indexes in the optical range started with the realization of negative-index materials for gigahertz frequencies six years ago. Sheer miniaturization of the gigahertz resonant structures is one approach. Alternative designs make use of localized plasmon resonant metal nanoparticles or nanoholes in metal films. Following this approach, a negative refractive index has
A double-periodic array of pairs of parallel gold nanorods is shown to have a negative refractive index in the optical range. Such behavior results from the plasmon resonance in the pairs of nanorods for both the electric and the magnetic... more
A double-periodic array of pairs of parallel gold nanorods is shown to have a negative refractive index in the optical range. Such behavior results from the plasmon resonance in the pairs of nanorods for both the electric and the magnetic components of light. The refractive index is retrieved from direct phase and amplitude measurements for transmission and reflection, which are all in excellent agreement with simulations. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate that a negative refractive index n' approximately -0.3 is achieved at the optical communication wavelength of 1.5 microm using the array of nanorods. The retrieved refractive index critically depends on the phase of the transmitted wave, which emphasizes the importance of phase measurements in finding n'.
In this investigation, anatase TiO 2 thin films were grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates at a high sputtering pressure and room temperature. The anatase films were then annealed at 300-600 °C in air for a... more
In this investigation, anatase TiO 2 thin films were grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates at a high sputtering pressure and room temperature. The anatase films were then annealed at 300-600 °C in air for a period of 1 hour. To examine the structure and morphology of the films, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods were used respectively. From X-ray diffraction patterns of the TiO 2 films, it was found that the as-deposited film showed some differences compared with the annealed films and the intensities of the peaks of the crystalline phase increased with the increase of annealing temperature. From AFM images, the distinct variations in the morphology of the thin films were also observed. The optical constants were characterized using the transmission spectra of the films obtained by UV-VIS-IR spectrophotometer. Besides, optical thickness of the film deposited at room temperature was calculated and cross-checked by taking a cross-sectional image through SEM. The optical band gaps were evaluated through Tauc model. It was observed that TiO 2 films produced at room temperatures exhibited high visible transmittance and transmittance decreased slightly with the increase of annealing temperatures. The films were found to be crystalline having anatase phase. The refractive index of the films was found from 2.31-2.35 in the visible range. The extinction coefficient was nearly zero in the visible range and was found to increase with annealing temperature. The allowed indirect optical band gap of the films was estimated to be in the range from 3.39 to 3.42 eV which showed a small variation. The allowed direct band gap was found to increase from 3.67 to 3.72 eV. The porosity was also found to decrease at a higher annealing temperature making the film compact and dense.
The point of the paper is to show some limitations of geometrical optics in the analysis of subwavelength focusing. We analyze the resolution of the image of a line source radiating in the Maxwell fisheye and the Veselago-Pendry slab... more
The point of the paper is to show some limitations of geometrical optics in the analysis of subwavelength focusing. We analyze the resolution of the image of a line source radiating in the Maxwell fisheye and the Veselago-Pendry slab lens. The former optical medium is deduced from the stereographic projection of a virtual sphere and displays a heterogeneous refractive index n(r) which is proportional to the inverse of 1+r^2. The latter is described by a homogeneous, but negative, refractive index. It has been suggested that the fisheye makes a perfect lens without negative refraction [Leonhardt, Philbin arxiv:0805.4778v2]. However, we point out that the definition of super-resolution in such a heterogeneous medium should be computed with respect to the wavelength in a homogenized medium, and it is perhaps more adequate to talk about a conjugate image rather than a perfect image (the former does not necessarily contains the evanescent components of the source). We numerically find that both the Maxwell fisheye and a thick silver slab lens lead to a resolution close to lambda/3 in transverse magnetic polarization (electric field pointing orthogonal to the plane). We note a shift of the image plane in the latter lens. We also observe that two sources lead to multiple secondary images in the former lens, as confirmed from light rays travelling along geodesics of the virtual sphere. We further observe resolutions ranging from lambda/2 to nearly lambda/4 for magnetic dipoles of varying orientations of dipole moments within the fisheye in transverse electric polarization (magnetic field pointing orthogonal to the plane). Finally, we analyse the Eaton lens for which the source and its image are either located within a unit disc of air, or within a corona 1<r<2 with refractive index n(r)= sqrt(2/r−1). In both cases, the image resolution is about lambda/2.
The dispersive part of the refractive index, 1 − δ , of vanadium is determined by measuring the angular dependence of the Bragg peakat the V L 2 , 3 edge energy region using a Fe/V superlattice. This X-ray scattering technique... more
The dispersive part of the refractive index, 1
−
δ
, of vanadium is determined by measuring the angular dependence of the Bragg peakat the V L
2
,
3
edge energy region using a Fe/V superlattice. This X-ray scattering technique provides access to the direct determination of the dispersive part of the refractive index across an absorption resonance and to the change of values from below unity to above unity. Wedemonstrate that previously tabulated values tend to underestimate the amplitude of the change in the real part of the refractive index. We alsoexamine the need for applying absorption and polarization corrections.
The properties and characteristics of a recently proposed anisotropic metamaterial based upon layered arrays of tightly coupled pairs of “dogbone” shaped stripe conductors have been explored in detail. It has been found that a... more
The properties and characteristics of a recently proposed anisotropic metamaterial based upon layered arrays of tightly coupled pairs of “dogbone” shaped stripe conductors have been explored in detail. It has been found that a metamaterial composed of such stacked layers exhibits artificial magnetism and may support backward wave propagation. The equivalent network models of the constitutive conductor pairs arranged in
Metamaterials are structures that provide electromagnetic properties not found in naturally occurring media; properties such as negative index of refraction, negative permittivity, or negative permeability. Since the appearance of... more
Metamaterials are structures that provide electromagnetic properties not found in naturally occurring media; properties such as negative index of refraction, negative permittivity, or negative permeability. Since the appearance of Pendry's seminal work in the year 2000 on the feasibility of creating material with negative refractive index, a deluge of papers were published on metamaterials proposing the existence of phenomena and
We study linear guided waves propagating in a slab waveguide made up of a negative-refractive-index material, the so-called left-handed waveguide. We reveal that the guided waves in left-handed waveguides possess a number of peculiar... more
We study linear guided waves propagating in a slab waveguide made up of a negative-refractive-index material, the so-called left-handed waveguide. We reveal that the guided waves in left-handed waveguides possess a number of peculiar properties such as the absence of the fundamental modes, mode double degeneracy, and sign-varying energy flux. In particular, we predict the guided waves with a dipole-vortex structure of their Poynting vector.
One of the most important modern problems in modern electromagnetics is a design and study of negative index metamaterials that may enable sub-wavelength imaging at optical frequencies. Plasmonic periodic metal-dielectric nanostructures... more
One of the most important modern problems in modern electromagnetics is a design and study of negative index metamaterials that may enable sub-wavelength imaging at optical frequencies. Plasmonic periodic metal-dielectric nanostructures present one interesting possibility for both 2D and 3D negative index medium (NIM) systems. The displacement current near plasmonic resonance excitations may produce both negative permittivity and negative permeability (most difficult) in a NIM with e.g. “fishnet” metal-dielectric composite type structure. One obvious problem with a metallic NIM is that the response is strongly dispersive and lossy. Both of these effects are detrimental to sub-wavelength imaging. One way of mitigating losses is to use a gain medium. We address the question of sub-wavelength resolution in the fishnet NIM with and without gain medium.
Some new band gaps are found in 1D photonic crystals (1D PC) composed of metamaterials (including negative-μ materials, negative-ε materials and negative refractive index materials). These band gaps are investigated by using the transfer... more
Some new band gaps are found in 1D photonic crystals (1D PC) composed of metamaterials (including negative-μ materials, negative-ε materials and negative refractive index materials). These band gaps are investigated by using the transfer matrix method. The ...
