Nets

The calculated addition of 90–95% of the material culture provided by wood and fiber artifacts in wet or waterlogged sites along the Northwest Coast of North America has hugely expanded the understanding of items of daily manufacture and use for at least 9,000 years. To understand the manufacture and use of these “foreign” (to archaeologists) but dominant artifacts, Native Americans now, more than ever, provide a critical analytic and interpretive cultural knowledge. Our recent tribe/college team effort at the Qwu?gwes wet site in Washington State, U.S.A., is one example of how this partnership is not only analytically needed, but also, because of the wet site importance to Native Americans, why archaeologists need to become trained and involved in wet site investigations.

Se describe un nido de Icterus pectoralis en forma de taza de 8 cm x 7.6 cm; construido a 2.10 m de altura, oculto en las ramas de un árbol de Gliricidia sepium; en las faldas del cerro Corral de Piedra en la cuenca baja del Río Tempisque. Este registro es importante ya que, la descripción de los nidos para esta especie corresponde a bolsas piriforme de25 a 45 cm a 6-18 m de altura. Es necesario implementar medidas de protección para los cerros calcáreos de la península de Nicoya y sus bosques, por ser sitios de los cuales se conoce muy poco sobre la flora y fauna que los habitan.

The main issue in this paper is the change from natural to synthetic fi bre in the Norwegian fi sheries during the 1950s. The focus is on the innovation proc- ess and changes in net fi shing. Early in the 1950s, the State and the private fi sher- men conducted parallel fi shing tests especially for cod with synthetic fi bre nets. The fi shermen's tests showed an increase in catches which were measured up to 400% compared with natural fi bre nets, while the State was a more reluctant sup- porter of the new materials. Early on in the development of synthetic fi bre, the big multinational companies like Du Pont and I G Farben pushed the market based on the great demand for synthetic fi bre nets. An important question is whether this transition was fast or slow. The statistics for all fi shing gear show that it was really slow, but is that the whole story?

Did you notice 'filaments' and 'spider webs' in the cosmos? Metaphors have been good for science. They are even more useful if we question the physical meaning of their words. The night sky is a permanent invitation to imagine what is, where it came from, and where it is heading. In antiquity, with naked eyes and open minds our ancestors imagined the Gods and 'signs' of what is about to happen to mankind. After Galileo Galilei, with telescopes, scientists observed movement and imagined relations among forces and bodies suspended in space. Today, with much more powerful photography and extraterrestrial probes, we are mesmerized by images of faraway galaxies. Celestial formations are out of reach. For lack of direct contact, we describe them in common terms such as spider webs and filaments. If we question the words, we may learn the cause of the natural configurations. First, the web of the spider is static. It is static because it is attached rigidly (in many points, without slip) to a much larger structure that is not moving in the frame of reference of the observer. What is the stationary structure that supports a celestial web? The spider web is a net, with loops, like the net for catching fish, and the net that holds the baker's hair. That web is not flowing along its threads like the water in river channels.

Abstract
Capital is defined mathematically as the abstract meaning brought to life in the two phases of the development of 'transferable representations,' which are the legal, financial, and scientific instruments we take for granted in almost every aspect of our daily routines. The first, conceptual and gestational, and the second, parturitional and maturational, phases in the creation and development of capital are contrasted. Human, social, and natural forms of capital should be brought to life with at least the same amounts of energy and efficiency as have been invested in manufactured and liquid capital, and property. A mathematical law of living capital is stated. Two examples of well-measured human capital are offered. The paper concludes with suggestions for the ways that future research might best capitalize on the mathematical definition of capital.