North Aegean Islands

Η γεωγραφική θέση των νησιών του βορειο-ανατολικού Αιγαίου, μεταξύ Ευρώπης και Ασίας, αναμφισβήτητα παρέχει μια προφανή εξήγηση για τις επιρροές από και προς τους γειτονικούς πολιτισμούς, όπως και για τον σχηματισμό μιας αυτόχθονης αλλά με κοσμοπολίτικα στοιχεία πολιτισμικής ταυτότητας των νησιών αυτών: της Λέσβου, της Λήμνου, της Χίου, της Σάμου και της Ικαρίας. Μια πολιτισμική ταυτότητα που υφαίνεται από μυθικά και ιστορικά γεγονότα, από ελληνικό, ανατολικό και δυτικό λαογραφικό υλικό με ηπειρωτική και νησιωτική προέλευση, με λαϊκές και αστικές ρίζες.

Το ακόλουθο εθνογραφικό κείμενο παρουσιάζει πτυχές της πολιτισμικής ταυτότητας των πέντε μεγαλύτερων νησιών του βορειο-ανατολικού Αιγαίου σε ό,τι αφορά τη μουσική και χορευτική παράδοση, τα μουσικά όργανα, την πολιτιστική ζωή στο αγροτικό και το αστικό περιβάλλον, και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο διαμορφώνεται αυτή η ταυτότητα από τα τέλη του 19ου και κατά τη διάρκεια του 20ού αιώνα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, θα επικεντρωθεί στις αλλαγές των μουσικών πρακτικών και της επιτέλεσης, της εκπαίδευσης, του ρεπερτορίου και του τρόπου ζωής, που έλαβαν χώρα λόγω μίμησης αθηναϊκών κι ευρωπαϊκών προτύπων (πολιτισμική ηγεμονία), καθώς και λόγω των κοινωνικών και τεχνο-πολιτισμικών αλλαγών κατά τη μετάβαση από το τοπικό στο ευρωπαϊκό, από το ανατολικό στο δυτικό (ύφος), στο πλαίσιο μιας διαδικασίας «αστικοποίησης» και «εκδυτικισμού».

This chapter deals with the cultural and social history of an area encompassing ancient Epirus, Illyria, Macedonia, and Thrace. In the past, these historical landscapes were usually perceived as cultural or ethnic entities, and were used as arguments for past and modern ethnogenesis in the Balkans. The material culture of single micro-regions shows that these landscapes are culturally neither homogeneous nor consistent, and instead show an impressive diversity in settlement patterns, mortuary ideology, and other cultural attributes. Indeed, cultural affinities between micro-regions of different historical landscapes further challenge perceptions of ethnicity and other forms of social identity as reflecting cultural variability. Conceptualization of northern Greece and the central Balkans as a buffer zone between the Aegean world and continental Europe is another bias that reduces local social agents to recipients of cultural innovation from north and especially south, and overlooks the dynamic processes inherent in local social transformations.

The cavalry formed a large part of the Odrysian army and this article describes their tactics, weapons, apparel, armour, and equipment, based on the latest archaeological discoveries.  It is fully illustrated, including (for the first time) colour reconstructions of the Kazanluk tomb paintings.  The article illustrates the transition from classical to hellenistic equipment, tactics, and appearance.

SOMMARIO

D. Mustilli, La necropoli tirrenica di Efestia (tav. I-XIX)

Introduzione

Le esplorazioni sull'isola di Lemno

Parte I

La necropoli tirrenica di Efestia

Descrizione delle tombe

Parte II

Cap. I Ceramica di argilla non depurata

Cap. II I vasi di argilla depurata di color rosso

Cap. III Le forme e gli ornati dei vasi di argilla grigia

Cap. IV La tecnica della ceramica monocroma di Lemno e le relazioni con quelle simili greche

Cap. V La ceramica di Lemno ed i rapporti con quella delle altre regioni greche

Cap. VI I vasi della necropoli di Efestia e la cronologia del geometrico greco

Cap. VII I vasi protocorinzi, corinzi ed i limiti cronologici della necropoli di Efestia

Cap. VIII Oggetti varii di terracotta

Cap. IX Le fibule e gli altri oggetti di bronzo

Cap. X Le armi

Cap. XI Gli oggetti d'oro

Cap. XII Oggetti di gesso e di pastiglia bianca

Cap. XIII Oggetti varii

Cap. XIV Il rito funerario e i caratteri generali della necropoli

Cap. XV La necropoli di Efestia: introduzione e diffusione del rito incineratorio in Grecia e in Asia Minore

Riepilogo e conclusioni

G. Caputo, La stele di Efestia

M. Segre, Iscrizioni greche di Lemno

R. Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene: Atti della Scuola (1932-1933)

Elenco delle tavole - delle figure nel testo
Indice delle materie

Tavole

English translation of the paper: Χρ. Ρωμάνου, Η ανασκαφή τμήματος του οικισμού στην περιοχή της Νότιας Οχύρωσης, με χαρακτηριστικά εργαστηριακής και αποθηκευτικής χρήσης. Οι τετράπλευρες κατασκευές- «πλυντήρια», in Λ. Παρλαμά – Μ. Θεοχάρη – Χ. Ρωμάνου – Στ. Μπονάτσος (επιμ.), «Ο οχυρωμένος προϊστορικός οικισμός στο Παλαμάρι Σκύρου. Διεπιστημονική Συνάντηση για το Έργο Συντήρησης και Ανάδειξης, Αθήνα, 23-24 Οκτωβρίου 2012». Αθήνα 2015

GLI AtEnIESI SuLL'ISOLA dI IMBRO Il presente contributo si propone di offrire uno sguardo d'insieme sui reperti archeologici pertinenti all'insediamento ateniese dell'isola di Imbro, soprattutto in relazione al materiale del periodo classico ed ellenistico, che è stato documentato dalle campagne di survey che Winfried Held e Robert Ousterhout hanno eseguito su quest'isola negli anni novanta 1 . da una parte si tratta di resti architettonici che sono ancora visibili in situ e, dall'altra, di oggetti reimpiegati in chiese o raccolti in diversi musei e collezioni private. di seguito saranno delineate la storia e l'organizzazione politica dell'isola sulla base delle fonti letterarie e delle iscrizioni, così come di alcuni documenti portati alla luce dai summenzionati surveys che ci informano sui culti, sulle consuetudini di vita e sulla produzione artistica dei klerouchoi ateniesi.

Ο πρώτος τόμος της σειράς «Αρχαιολογία» αποτελεί μια επισκόπηση της αρχαιολογικής δραστηριότητας στα νησιά του Αιγαίου από τον 19ο αιώνα έως σήμερα, με έμφαση στις σημαντικότερες έρευνες που έχουν γίνει τα τελευταία είκοσι χρόνια.
Τα νησιά, από τα μεγαλύτερα και γνωστότερα έως τις μικροσκοπικές ερημονησίδες, παρουσιάζονται με περιεκτικά κείμενα και πλούσια εικονογράφηση. Έτσι, αποδίδεται εποπτικά η φυσιογνωμία κάθε νησιού, όπως αυτή τεκμηριώνεται μέσα από τα αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα και την ερμηνεία τους.
Σε ξεχωριστή ενότητα του βιβλίου περιλαμβάνονται συνθετικά κείμενα μέσα από τα οποία φωτίζεται η πορεία του Aρχιπελάγους στην ιστορία, την κοινωνία και την τέχνη, από την προϊστορική περίοδο έως την ύστερη αρχαιότητα.
Συγγραφείς του τόμου είναι σαράντα έξι γνωστοί Έλληνες και ξένοι αρχαιολόγοι, οι οποίοι ειδικεύονται στην ανασκαφή και τη μελέτη των αρχαιοτήτων των νησιών και προσφέρουν τα πολύτιμα ευρήματά τους στο ευρύτερο κοινό.

The first volume in the Archaeology series is a survey of archaeological activity in the Aegean islands from the 19th century to the present day, with an emphasis on the most significant discoveries of the last twenty years. The islands, from the largest and best known to the tiniest and least explored, are presented in comprehensive texts accompanied by rich illustrations which shed light on their course from prehistoric times to Late Antiquity. The introductory section comprises essays reviewing the history, art and society of the Archipelago in ancient times. The contributing authors to this work are 46 prominent archaeologists devoted to uncovering the island antiquities and making them known to the public as testimonies of the unique Aegean civilization.

Résumé
Quoique la recherche archéologique des dernières décennies dans la région d’Eressos ait prouvé que l’occupation de la campagne commence déjà au Bronze Ancien, il n’existait pas de trouvailles provenant de la cité antique qui pourraient être datées avant l’époque archaïque, voire avant le VIe siècle av. J.-C. Ce hiatus chronologique vient d’être rempli par une fouille de sauvetage ayant eu lieu il y a quelques années dans un terrain privé au-dessous de l’acropole. La fouille a mis au jour une installation industrielle (four de potier, rouilles) ainsi que des trouvailles (céramique, monnaies) qui couvrent la période avant le Bronze Récent IIIA-B jusqu’à l’époque romaine et prouvent les relations commerciales diachroniques d’Eressos avec le continent Grec et la côte d’Asie Mineure. En même temps, à l’occasion de cette découverte, un réexamen de la topographie de la ville sur la base des trouvailles archéologiques des années passées, des témoignages épigraphiques et des appréciations de la recherche moderne est également entrepris. 

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl die archäologischen Untersuchungen der letzten Jahrzehnte im Gebiet von Eresos nachweisen konnten, daß die Stadt umgebende ländliche Besiedlung bereits in der Frühen Bronzezeit begonnen hat, waren bislang keine Funde aus dem Bereich der antiken städtischen Siedlung aufgedeckt worden, die als vorarchaisch anzusprechen bzw. vor dem 6. Jh. v. Chr. datierbar sind. Diese lange chronologische Lücke schließt nun der Befund einer Notgrabung, die vor einigen Jahren auf einem Grundstück unterhalb der Akropolis der städtischen Ansiedlung, stattgefunden hat. Die Ausgrabung legte einen Werkstattbereich (Töpferofen, Schlacken) sowie Funde (Keramik, Münzen) frei, welche nicht nur eine kontinuierliche Nutzung des Areals vor der mykenischen Palastzeit (SH III A – B) bis zur römischen Zeit nachweisen sondern auch von den diachronen Handelsbeziehungen, die Eresos sowohl zum griechischen Festland als auch zur kleinasiatischen Westküste unterhielt, Zeugnis ablegen. Ausgehend von diesem Befund, wird ferner, unter Einbeziehung der archäologischen Funde der letzten Jahre, der epigraphischen Evidenz sowie der Beobachtungen der gegenwärtigen Forschung, eine Überprüfung der städtischen Topographie unternommen.

Ancient authors report several populations as inhabiting Lemnos over time: Sinties agriophonoi and mixhellenes, Minyans, descending from the Argonauts, Pelasgians-Tyrrenians, who expelled the Minians and inhabited the island until the arrival of the Athenians at the end of the 6th century B.C. In LH IIIB, Lemnian women were also registered in the Linear B Pylos tablets (ra-mi-ni-ja/ra-mi-ni-jo). Anyway, as it is not easy to find a precise correspondence between literary and archaeological data, it is a first-rate concern to highlight the distinctive characteristics of the Lemnian material culture in the EIA. Drawing on PhD research I have carried out in the last four years, in this paper I present new data from a pottery assemblage, which has been retrieved in the occasion of the recent excavations at Hephaestia under the direction of the Italian Archaeological School at Athens. In fact, this is the only site on Lemnos where uninterrupted occupation is safely documented all along the EIA, which has been so far an ill-known phase in the long history of the island.
The Hephaestia pottery at the beginning of the EIA shows several peculiarities, while showing as well some North-Aegean and West-Anatolian elements. Despite the fact that EIA buildings at this sites have not been yet identified, this is a first step to increase the knowledge of the cultural history of Lemnos and to insert the latter in its wider Aegean context.

Osmanlı Devleti’nin Adalar Denizi’nde hâkim olma stratejisi, 16. yüzyılın sonlarına gelindiğinde büyük ölçüde tamamlanmış durumdaydı. Osmanlı
sınırlarına katılan adalar bölgesinde ilk egemenlik paylaşımı, Yunanistan’ın 1830 yılında bağımsız olmasıyla yaşandı. Bu paylaşımda Avrupalı büyük  devletlerin müdahalesi belirleyici oldu. 1821 Rum İsyanı’nı destekleyen ve sonrasında Yunan bağımsızlığını sağlayan antlaşmalara garantör devletler sıfatıyla imza atan İngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya ile yapılan müzakereler sonucu  Ege’de yeni bir statü oluştu. Buna göre Kuzey Sporad Adaları grubu Yunanistan’a  bırakıldı. Bunun dışında Anadolu kıyılarındaki Saruhan Adaları grubunda yer  alan Sisam Adası (Samos), Padişah fermanı ve yine üç devletin garantörlüğü  ile eyâlet-i mümtaze yani otonom statüye getirildi (1832). Ege Denizi’nde
geriye kalan bütün adalarda Osmanlı egemenliği devam ediyordu. Adalar
Denizi’ndeki bu son statü, Trablusgarp Savaşı esnasında İtalya’nın Rodos ve  Oniki Ada’yı işgali ile tekrar değişime uğradı (1911-1912). Bu savaş sürerken  bu sefer Balkan Savaşları başladı. Bu savaşta Ege’deki Türk adaları Yunanistan tarafından işgal edildi (1912-1913). Bu peşpeşe işgaller esnasında adalara  dair egemenlik tartışmalarında önemli gündem maddelerinden biri Güney Sporad Adaları maktu vergisi meselesi oldu.

Recent archaeological surveys in 2009 and 2010 at Bozköy-Hanaytepe in the Troad have recovered material very similar to the Early Bronze Age levels of Troy. Bozköy-Hanaytepe located 13 km south of Troy, is about 110 m in diameter and 11-12 m in height. The site is a coastal settlement within what Korfmann described as the 'Maritime culture of Troy I'. To date, Bozköy-Hanaytepe is the only settlement to have material both from pre-Troy I and from the Bronze Age cultures in the Troad. This article presents the Early Bronze Age material and the small amount of earlier material collected during the Bozköy-Hanaytepe site surveys and aims to examine the typological and chronological aspects of this recent finds. The material is closely related to comparative, stratified material from sites in West Anatolia, the Eastern Aegean Islands, the Greek Mainland, the Cyclades, and the Balkans. Bozköy-Hanaytepe can be considered as an important settlement in terms of acreage and the material density distinct from Troy. While Troy is a large central city, most of the settlements so far investigated have been characterized as smaller or satellite towns. Bozköy-Hanaytepe is one of the important settlements in the * Bu makale Crosscheck sistemi tarafından taranmış ve bu sistem sonuçlarına göre orijinal bir makale olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

The article is dedicated to isolated fragments of painted Late Geometric and Archaic vases, discovered in the valley of the middle reaches of Maritsa (Hebros) and Tundzha (Tonzos) rivers. In result of the Neutron Activation Analysis, applied to a series of imports from Drama-Kajryaka sanctuary, reliable data were obtained regarding  their origin and date of manufacture. One fragment (fig.1.1.) was proven to belong to Provenance group B (bird bowl workshops) that was manufactured in North Ionian centers in Asia Minor (probably Teos and Klazomenai) in the second half of the 8th and the first half of the 6th c. BC. Another fragment (fig. 1.4.) has certain similarities to Provenance group F that was also manufactured in North Ionian centers in Asia Minor (most probably in Old Smyrna) in late 7th and the firs half of the 6th c. BC. Two more fragments (fir.1.2-3) were presumably manufactured somewhere along the Ionian coast. These observations, combined with data from several more sites, clearly indicates the area of manufacture of part of the Archaic imports in the area of the middle reaches of Maritsa and Tundzha.
The discovery in pit complex at town of Svilengrad of a fragment of pendent semi-circle skyphos dated in 750-700 BC (fir. 2.1-2), as well as the presence of Olyntos type pottery in the western half of the Thracian Plain points to the northwestern parts of the Aegean basin as a second region of manufacture of the imported pottery in the interior of Southeastern Thrace.
In most cases, the finds under consideration were discovered in pit complexes, in contexts with later materials. Regarding this phenomenon, various interpretative approaches are offered.
An attempt is made at tracing ancient trade and communication routes, among which the valley of Hebros and Tonzos emerges as the main route for the penetration of the imported vases. The fact the most of the imports were discovered in immediate vicinity of Maritsa's bed is a definite proof of this thesis. The inhabitants of the Thracian plain communicated with the South also through the routes that crossed the Rhodope Mountains. Another possible way for penetration of the finds is from the area of the Southwestern Black Sea coast.
In conclusion, the article arises the question of the contacts that found material expression in the imports, as well as of the mechanisms through which they were carried out.

El origen de los Ilicitanos (Elche - Elx) es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, poe el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico.

nel 2005; tali indagini sono proseguite grazie ad un assegno di ricerca ottenuto, presso la stessa istituzione, nell'ambito di un progetto Prin 2007, coordinato dal prof. E. Greco, avente come titolo 'Atene e le cleruchie ateniesi: il caso di Lemno, dal V secolo a.C. all'età romana'.

In 2018 the Italian Archaeological School at Athens resumed the study of the archaic sanctuary on the acropolis of He- phaestia (Lemnos) where work was carried out during the twentieth centur􏰵. A building containing a rich votive deposit, the so-called 􏰉Edificio con stipe􏰊, e􏰶cavated in 1929-30 and 19􏰋8-􏰋9 and not 􏰵et full􏰵 published, has been brought back to light. The building is lo- cated at the south-western edge of the acropolis and it is arranged on two levels: the upper one has three rooms, one of which 􏰵ielded the deposit􏰂 the lower one has some smaller rooms. The results of the e􏰶cavations and some preliminar􏰵 observations are presented.

English translation of the paper:
Χρ. Ρωμάνου, Η οχύρωση του Παλαμαρίου, in Λ. Παρλαμά – Μ. Θεοχάρη – Χ. Ρωμάνου – Στ. Μπονάτσος (επιμ.), «Ο οχυρωμένος προϊστορικός οικισμός στο Παλαμάρι Σκύρου. Διεπιστημονική Συνάντηση για το Έργο Συντήρησης και Ανάδειξης, Αθήνα, 23-24 Οκτωβρίου 2012». Αθήνα 2015

On sekizinci yüzyılın sonlarında, on dokuzuncu yüzyılın başında, Aydınlanma Çağı’nın ve Fransız Devrimi’nin etkisiyle çok etnisiteli ve dinli imparatorluklarda çeşitli cemaatler, etnik, din ve dil birliği olan bağımsız devletlerini inşa etme arzusuna kapılmışlardı. Bu İmparatorluklardan birisi de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu idi. İmparatorluğun coğrafi konum olarak Avrupa’ya en yakın olan Balkan topraklarında bağımsızlık mücadelesi için Mora’daki Rumlar isyan başlatmıştı. İmparatorluk yönetiminde nüfusunun büyük bir çoğunluğu Rum Ortodoks Hıristiyan olan Ege Adaları’nın çoğu bu isyana katılarak Mora’daki bağımsızlık hareketi içinde yer almak istemişlerdi. Bu hareket içinde olmak kendilerine aynı dinden ve etnik gruptan oldukları aynı ve dili konuştukları millî siyasi birliğin parçası olmayı vadediyordu. Bu çağda zimmî olarak kendilerine ikincil statü atfeden Osmanlı idaresi tarafından yönetilmek istemediklerini isyana katılarak ifade etmişlerdi. 1821 Yunan İsyanına aktif olarak katılan Girit, Kıbrıs, Sisam ve Sakız adalarındaki olaylar araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Kuzey Ege’de küçük bir ada olan Semadirek’te bunlardan biriydi ve isyanın bastırılması sırasında ada neredeyse nüfusunun tamamını kaybetmişti. Ada’ya teknelerle gelen isyancıların örgütlemesiyle isyana katılan Semadirekli Rumlar, askerlerin kendilerine isyandan vaz geçmeleri ve Osmanlı’ya itaat etme telkinlerine ısrarla verdikleri kayıplara rağmen olumsuz yanıt vermişler. Bu makale, bilinmeyen Semadirek olayını ortaya çıkarırken Osmanlı otoritesi tarafından gördüğü sert muameleyi şiddet kavramı çerçevesinde incelemektedir.

Abstract
Multi religious and multi-ethnic empires’ various populations had the aim of forming their independent states under the impact of the ideals of the Enlightenment and French Revolution at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Ottoman Empire was among these empires, too. The Serbs in the Balkans was the first group to revolt against the Ottoman rule in 1804. Greeks followed them in 1821 with an organized revolt which lasted until 1829 from which an Independent Greek Kingdom arose. The center of the revolt was the Balkan lands of the Empire, Morea Peninsula, which was the closest region to Europe. Therefore, it was not a coincidence that the rebellion broke in the region that first learned about political and intellectual developments in Europe. Production of printing press, newspapers and books, and the Greeks of the Empire who had western education in Europe played crucial role for the transmission of the Enlightenment ideals to the Greek community of the Empire. European travelers who began to travel in the Greek speaking lands of the Empire in the 1750s were interested in the architectural remnants of the ancient Greek civilization. For the Europe that admired ancient Greek Civilization’s impressive architecture, philosophers’ observation, and the political model “demos, the independence ideal of the Greeks in the Ottoman Empire was a striking event. Hence, the Greek Revolt, which was called as the Greek Independence War by the Greeks, became a European ideal. The Ottoman imperial government’s reaction to the revolt was very harsh since it saw it as a menace against the Ottoman reign and Sultan that protected the nonMuslims communities of the Empire through zimmî pact of Islamic Law for centuries. This pact guaranteed their lives, properties, and religion in return for payment of a specific tax (cizye) which was applied to only non-Muslims by the Islamic state in accordance with the Islamic law. Despite this regulation, the pact put the non-Muslims in a secondary position compared to the Muslims in the Empire. Sultan Mahmud II’s reaction was very punitive since he could not understand the fact that rebellious Greeks were no longer wanted to be ruled by Muslim Ottoman dynasty as zimmîs with a secondary status. They wanted to have their independent states with their distinctive Greek identity. The Morea revolt in a short period of time spread to big and small Aegean islands through the activities of sea bandits with boats, Crete, Cyprus, Chios and Samos were among these islands. The severe punishment of the rebellious in Chios island, which was named as the Chios massacre in the literature shocked Europe. The bishop of the island, civil leaders of the Greeks (kocabaşıs), and representatives of Mastiha village were closed in the castle and assassinated by Ottoman soldiers. This event was followed by various mutual battles between the Greeks and soldiers in the island for seven years until 1828. There is another unknown shocking event in the island of Samothrace where almost half of its Greek inhabitants had been killed by the Ottoman soldiers, and women and children were enslaved to be sold in the slave markets with the order of the sultan. This article aims to reveal this unknown event by depending on the Ottoman archival documents and analyze the severe punishment of the Ottoman authority within the framework of violence.

In the historiography of the 1821 Revolution there are but very few and brief accounts of the revolt of the inhabitants of Samothraki and its bloodstained repression. Despite its particular character as an early rebellion of a small number of islander farmers and livestock breeders, and at a short distance from the Dardanelles, the case of Samothraki had never come into the spotlight of historical research. Furthermore, the documentation of these events had always been problematic, as the available sources were scarce, posterior and, to a great degree, interceded. More specifically, the main sources were the accounts of the scholar from Samothrace Nikolaos Fardys and Ion Dragoumis, which were based on oral testimonies by elderly inhabitants, and were drafted several decades later; while the closest in time sources were a painting at the Louvre Museum, and a few references in French literature. This study presents the first contemporary with the events written testimonies, which were traced in the French consular archives, and examines what exactly happened on the island, revealing together the points of convergence and divergence in the oral legends and the archival material.

Based on the grey pottery from the site of Halka Bunar, municipality Bratya Daskalovi in the south-eastern Bulgaria, the present paper intends a general overview of this class of pottery in inner Thrace, known already since the Archaic period and with documented relations with the Aeolid and the area of the North Aegean Sea. In Halka Bunar the grey ware of the Classical period, as in many other neighbouring sites, it has been found within ritual or domestic pits, and it seems to develop in continuity with that of the Archaic period. The shape repertory includes bowls, cups and mugs, strainers and jugs, lekanae with vertical or horizontal handles, craters, table amphorae and possibly hydriae. The distribution of the grey ware, the dating of which is often based on contextual finds imported from the Greek world, spreads from the shores fo the Black Sea to the western parts of the Maritsa/Evros Valley, and even to the regions on the north of this valley. It is undoubtedly the product of local workshops, which continued, even though with a more restricted shape repertory, during the early Hellenistic period as well.

In this master's thesis in the field of Political Geography, I clarify how the rightlessness of refugees in Lesvos (e.g., those staying in Moria Camp) is linked to the impossibility of determining who is accountable for the daily violations of human rights that take place there, leading to an incapacity to contest and address these violations. Significantly, this takes place at the levels of both the EU-Turkey Deal, the interaction between the Greek State and the European Union in matters of the refugee issue, and the interaction between the Greek State and humanitarian organizations in Moria Camp. In order to place the insights and findings of my own research in Lesvos in a clear framework, I have drawn heavily on the insights of French anthropologist Michel Agier and French philosopher Jacques Rancière. In brief, my argument focuses on the concept of 'depoliticization', which I particularly develop and apply to the situation on Lesvos in chapter 6 of my thesis.

Surface and sub-surface research on rock-cut features and related mobile finds at Kastro, a hilly peninsula that delimits the present main port of Myrina (Lemnos Island, North Aegean Sea), has revealed vestiges dating from various phases, at least since the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period, in several extended areas.
During these stages, human action has influenced the landscape, which, at the same time, has guided choices of natural forms and spaces and triggered ways of action. A variety of combined artificial rock-cut features and rock-art appear to have both symbolic and utilitarian components, concerns and purposes. They reveal a complex rocky landscape, entailing an elaborate artificial system of space occupation, including intercommunicating carved features.
According to the current stage of ongoing research, besides other aspects, the Kastro rock-cut site would have also implicated intricate maritime facets and connections, as well as a possible female factor, congregating at a transitional place, where sea and rocks meet.

In this paper two archaic terracotta fragments from Hephaistia (Lemnos) are presented: a part of the right arm of a draped statue of true size, decorated with a painted meander, from the area of the Isthmus; a female head, probably from a large cult statue, from the archaic sanctuary of the Great Goddess. Both artifacts find iconographical and stylistic comparisons in the proto-lemnian figurative pottery of the second half of the 7th and 6th centuries BC, and in the terracotta models of sacred buildings from Hephaistia, of the same period. These latter, exhibiting architectural figures on pillars, suggest the existence of a large statuary production of archaic age in Lemnos.

During 2019 the excavation of the 8th-6th cent. B.C. "Edificio con stipe" (Building with votive deposit) at Hephaestia was completed. On the lower level, rooms D7, E, F and G were brought to light. Like those excavated last year (D1-6), these are likely to have served the sanctuary on the acropolis of the archaic settlement, related with rooms A-C on the upper level. Northwest, at a lower level, a long archaic wall, first discovered in 1929, was unearthed again. Next to it were Hellenistic structures (late 4th-3rd cent. B.C.) Among the finds, a misfired fragment of grey ware with decorations in sobgeometric style G 2-3 attests a local production of this ceramic.

Islands are bodies of land surrounded by water; albeit well connected via the waves of ocean, movements of people and flows of technology. Smallness is both aesthetically pleasing and intensely practical. There are increasing challenges for small islands in our connected planet with the added risk for some of mounting global warming. This conference welcomes the presentation of research and reflection to address the nature of islands from the past to the future, to achieve a better understanding of the uniqueness, connections, cultures, ethics, technologies, innovation and sustainability for the many possible futures of islands and archipelagos. Sub-themes proposed are as follows: